8 Revolutionary Dominos

Eight Revolutionary Dominos

US History to 1877Wentworth Institute of Technology

Professor Jared HaasAndreana Goldlust - Robens Innocent - Kate Shaughnessy

French and Indian War: History• Also called the Seven Years War lasted

between 1754 and 1763• This war was between the French troops and

Native Americans against the British troops• There were several causes to the war but the

most important being the need for territorial expansion and the need for religious freedom

• The French were conquered in 1760 resulting in the French losing the control of the French Louisiana west of the Mississippi and the British gaining Florida and Canada

Source: Boundless. “The Seven Years' War: 1754-1763.” Boundless U.S. History. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Retrieved 26 Mar. 2016 from https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-british-empire-and-the-colonial-crisis-1754-1775-6/the-seven-years-war-1754-1763-59/the-seven-years-war-1754-1763-358-9694/

French and Indian War: Further Division• There is supporting evidence that actions leading up to the French

and Indian War, the actual war, and the aftermath further divided the British and American people• Unfortunately, the cost of the War caused Britian to fall in severy debt• This caused Britain to have great resentment towards the American

colonists because they felt that the colonist did not:• Contribute to the war financial • Provide enough military assistance

Source: University of Groningen. "Effects Of The War." Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

Source: Boundless. “The Seven Years' War: 1754-1763.” Boundless U.S. History. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Retrieved 26 Mar. 2016 from https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-british-empire-and-the-colonial-crisis-1754-1775-6/the-seven-years-war-1754-1763-59/the-seven-years-war-1754-1763-358-9694/

French and Indian War: Further Division• Due to this resentment, English

leaders were convinced that the colonies needed major reorganizations • Plans were devised to ensure that

London had more control and authority over the colonies which did not fair well with the American colonies


French and Indian War: Further Division• After Britain declared war on France in 1756, Native Americans were forced to

chose who to fight with• The majority of Natives fought alongside the French (except the Iroquois Confederacy)• The American had to fight along slide the British forces

• After the war was lost by the French, the Native Americans from both sides did not fair well in the end:• The Natives who fought alongside the French faced hostility of the British• The Iroquois Confederacy also faced hostility as well but slightly less than those who

fought against the British

• Therefore these alliance broke down and the Natives began to contest the British collectively


French and Indian War: Further Division

• Between all the separate colonies, the American colonist were never able to coexist before the war• Because of the war, the colonists had

learned that they could unite and fight against a common enemy (which at that time was the French)• After the war, the thirteen colonies no

longer distrusted each other and had a similar common enemy; which was the British


The Proclamation of 1763: History• Issued by the British King George

III • The as enacted following the

British victory in the Seven Years War • The purpose of the Proclamation

was to divide the territory and to stop the westward expansion while still expanding the fur trade.

Source: Land of the Brave. "Proclamation of 1763." Land of the Brave. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

The Proclamation of 1763: Further Division• The Proclamation Line became a huge source of controversy • The line was along the Appalachian Mountains and made to protect the

Native American lands; and helped with repaying the Natives that helped the British during the war

• The Natives that were allies with the French were less then pleased that they were now under British rule• This led to the Pontiac War (1763–66) which was the Natives failed attempt at

preventing the British from occupying previous French territory


The Proclamation of 1763: Further Division• Therefore the British responded by separating white settlements from

Native lands• To the colonist, it appeared that the British were siding with the

Natives which created further division among the colonist


The Proclamation of 1763: Further Division

• By implementing a boundary as described in the Proclamation, this required a lot of time and financial resources towards the placement of posts along the boarder• The British claimed that the cost

associated with this boarder was to protect the colonist • The British therefore imposed these cost

on the colonist

• The colonist resented that additional tax to pay for the boundary


The Proclamation of 1763: Further Division• With the colonist resentment toward

the new proclamation line these colonist began to lobby to the British Government to move the line towards the west; therefore acquiring more land• The proclamation line was moved

further west by a series of treaties with the Natives


Unfair Taxes: History• King George III used heavier taxes as a

solution to reduce the high financial debt caused by the Seven Years War• These unfair taxes led to:• Financial hardship among the colonist• More division between the colonist and

the British • The subsequent American Revolution

Source: George, Tim. "The 4 Acts That Lead To The American Revolution." Off The Grid News. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

Unfair Taxes: Further DivisionThe Sugar Act (1764)• The purpose of the sugar act was to:

• Ensure that tax can be collected to support funding the British military• Allow for British judicial rulings over tax violators• Regulate trade between non-British venders• Legalize cargo seizures from tax violators• Decrease bribery practices• Decrease foreign good imports

• These acts were not followed by many colonies because• Unreasonably high taxed • It was rarely enforced by the British

• Because this law war not enforced, the colonist were accustomed to conducting there own trades with non-British colonies

• However, in 1764, when the British finally decided to strickly enforce the law; the colonist were extremely resentful and angry

Source: Land of the Brave. “Sugar Act." Land of the Brave. Web. 26 Mar. 2016. Source: George, Tim. "The 4 Acts That Lead To The American Revolution." Off The Grid News. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

Unfair Taxes: Further DivisionThe Currency Act (1764)• Colonial business were successful and spreading across the country the

colonies created their own currency (i.e., colonial scrip)• British bankers were not happy with colonies printing there own money;

especially as the economy appeared to be thriving and getting out of British control

• The British enforced a law that aimed to control the currency in the colonies by making the colonial scrip illegal and force colonist to use British money. Its purpose was to:• Control the ability to colonist to print and use paper money • Help the British merchants by pushing the colonies to use British currency rather than

colonial currency• The help reduce the nations debt

• This caused a financial crisis among the colonist because everything became twice as expensive to pay with British money

• This caused extreme resentment towards the British


Unfair Taxes: Further DivisionThe Quartering Act (1765)• The British government passed a law in which

British soldiers are allowed to find shelter in any American colonies that they wish• The required Americans to build shelters for

the soldiers. If the shelters were inadequate then soldiers used other buildings• The colonist believed that the British were

only in America to enforce the law on the colonist therefore this Act cause further resentment


Unfair Taxes: Further DivisionThe Stamp Act (1765)• The British taxed the following paperwork by

placing a stamp (seen to the left) on the top of each document:• licenses, college diplomas, playing cards,

advertisements, newspapers, and legal documents

• The colonist responded in anger before the law can come to effect stating no “taxation without representation”• This act lead to the colonist declaring the Stamp

Act unjust and rallied against the British Parliament


The Boston Massacre: History

• Took place March 5, 1770• Also called The Incident on King

Street by the British

Source: Boundless. “The Boston Massacre and Military Occupation.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 March 2016

The Boston Massacre: Further Division• British troops were station in Boston since 1768, to protect officials

appointed by the King to enforce Parliamentary legislation. Most Bostonians not happy about this.

• Private White who was standing guard outside the Custom House, got into an argument with wig-maker apprentice, Edward Garrick over a misunderstanding over Captain Lieutenant John Goldfinch’s bill for a wig


The Boston Massacre: Further Division

• Private White struck Garrick in the head with his musket• Townspeople started to form and

threw things at Private White and encouraged him to fire his weapon.


The Boston Massacre: Further Division• Private White requested assistance and sought a safer position on the

steps of the Custom House—A non-commissioned officer and 6 privates of the 29th Regiment of Foot showed up and demanded the crowd to leave.

• The crowd continued to mock the soldiers and continued to tell them to “fire” while throwing snowballs and other objects at them.


The Boston Massacre: Further Division• The soldiers fired into the

crowd and the shots hit 11 men• The British fired into an

unarmed crowd and killed 5 civilian men


The Boston Tea Party: History

• Took place on December 16, 1773• The Sons of Liberty lead the protest• Referred to by John Adams as The

Destruction of the Tea in Boston • Was a response to the British Tea Act

Source: Boundless. “The Boston Tea Party” US History to 1877. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 March 2016

The Boston Party: Further Division• Colonists objected to the Tea Act especially because they felt it

violated their right to be taxed only by their own elected representatives

• Protesters had successfully prevented the unloading of taxed tea in three other colonies, but in Boston, embattled Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson refused to allow the tea to be returned to Britain.


The Boston Tea Party: Further Division

• Governor Hutchinson refused to grant permission for the Dartmouth, Eleanor & Beaver to leave without paying the duty.

• As a result, the Sons of Liberty, dressed in Mohawk warrior disguises, boarded the three vessels and, over the course of three hours, dumped all 342 chests of tea into the water.


The Boston Tea Party: Further Division• Samuel Adams argued that the Tea

Party was not the act of a lawless mob, but was instead a principled protest and the only remaining option the people had to defend their constitutional rights.• The Tea Party united all parties in

Britain against the colonies.


The Boston Tea Party: Further Division• The British government felt this action could not remain unpunished,

and responded by closing the port of Boston and putting in place other laws known as the "Coercive Acts“• The tax on tea was repealed with the Taxation of Colonies Act of

1778, part of another Parliamentary attempt at conciliation that failed.


The Intolerable Acts: History• The Intolerable Acts was an American term

for the laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Tea Party.

• The laws were passed as a punishment to the Massachusetts colonists as a result of the Tea Party.

Source: "The Intolerable Acts." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association. Web. 27 Mar. 2016.

The Intolerable Acts: Further DivisionBoston Port Act – • An act to discontinue, in such manner, and for or such time as are

therein mentioned, the landing and discharging, lading or shipping, of goods, wares, and merchandise, at the town, and within the harbour, of Boston, in the province of Massachusetts Bay, in North America.


The Intolerable Acts: Further Division


Massachusetts Government Act – • An Act for the better regulating the government of the

province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England.

Quebec Act – • An Act for making effectual Provision for the Government of the

Province of Quebec in North America.• An appointed council, rather than an elected body, would make

the major decisions for the colony.

The Intolerable Acts: Further Division


Administration of Justice Act – • An act for the impartial administration of justice in the case of

persons questioned for any acts done by them in the execution of the law, or for the suppression of riots and tumults, in the province of the Massachusetts Bay, in New England.

The Intolerable Acts: Further Division• Throughout the colonies the

message became clear that the British had gone too far.

• For the first time since the

Stamp Act, an intercolonial conference was called


The First Continental Congress: History

Source: Boundless. “The First Continental Congress.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 March 2016

• The First Continental Congress met on September 5, 1774 • As a Result of The Intolerable Acts,

delegates met. • Took place in Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania.

The First Continental Congress: Further Division


• Twelve colonies sent delegates.

• The Province of Georgia was the exception as they were hoping for British assistance with Indian conflicts.

• 56 members attended.

• All members were appointed by the legislature of their colony.



• The Congress met to consider options in dealing with British Parliament going forward. • Options included:• Economic Boycott of British Trade• Rights and Grievances• Petitioning King George III for redress of those grievances.



• The delegates from each colony were not all on the same page. Some were looking for resolution, some were looking for independence.

• The delegates urged each colony to establish and train their own militia.



• The Congress also called for another meeting in the even that their petition was unsuccessful.

• They were unsuccessful in ending the Intolerable Acts.

• As a result the Second Continental Congress took place the following year.

• By the second meeting, the colonies agreed that it was time for independence.

Paul Revere’s Ride: History

• Took place April 18, 1775• Messenger Paul Revere lived in Boston• Revere became suspicious/there was talk

that the British were going to go to Concord (Provincial Congress lived here and it was also home to militia military supplies) to seize the town’s arms supply.


Paul Revere’s Ride: Further Division• Revere went to Concord to warn the townspeople that the British may

be coming for supplies• Townspeople began to hide the supplies• On Revere’s way back to Boston, he met with Patriot leaders in

Charlestown and they devised a plan using signal lanterns placed in the belfry of Old North Church, on how to give notice about the route that the British would be taking to Concord.

Source: HSTRY. “Paul Revere’s Midnight Ride”. HSTRY. n.d. Web. 26 March 2016

Paul Revere’s Ride: Further Division• One lantern lit means that the British would be going by land from

Boston Neck then North to Concord.• Two lanterns lit means that the British were making their way across

the Charles by boat to Cambridge, then west to Concord. • Evening of April 18th, Revere received word that the British were

preparing boats to cross the Charles.• Shoemaker William Dawes was sent by land to warn Sam Adams and

John Hitchcock.


Paul Revere’s Ride: Further Division• Revere was sent by water in case Dawes got caught• Revere reached Hancock and Adams in Lexington and later joined by

Dawes and Dr. Samuel Prescott who was a resident of Concord and knew the land very well. • The three continued their journey to Concord but Dawes got captured

and Revere was taken prisoner. Prescott was the only one to successfully alarm Concord that the British were coming.


Paul Revere’s Ride: Further Division• While riding back to Lexington, Revere and his imprisoners heard

shots fired and church bells ringing, indicating that the British were coming and the townspeople needed to prepare.• The British captors release Revere• Revere joined Hancock and Adams and they retreated to a tavern in

Lexington were Hancock had left some important papers.• In the morning, Revere left the tavern with papers in hand as he heard

shots and saw smoke in the distance—the “shot heard around the world”.• This was the start of the Revolutionary War.


Resources

Boundless. “The Boston Massacre and Military Occupation.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 March 2016

Boundless. “The Boston Tea Party” US History to 1877. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 March 2016

Boundless. “The First Continental Congress.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 March 2016

Boundless. “The Seven Years' War: 1754-1763.” Boundless U.S. History. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 Mar. 2016

HSTRY. “Paul Revere’s Midnight Ride”. HSTRY. n.d. Web. 26 March 2016

George, Tim. "The 4 Acts That Lead To The American Revolution." Off The Grid News. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

Land of the Brave. "Proclamation of 1763." Land of the Brave. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

"The Intolerable Acts." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

University of Groningen. "Effects Of The War." Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

8 Revolutionary Dominos

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