8. Ozone and Environment.ppt
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Transcript of 8. Ozone and Environment.ppt
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EGEE 102 – Energy Conservation And Environmental Protection
Ozone and Environment
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 2
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 3
Ozone• O3• a gas composed of three atoms of
oxygen• bluish gas that is harmful to breathe• Nearly 90% of the Earth's ozone is in
the stratosphere and is referred to as the ozone layer
• Ozone absorbs a band of ultraviolet radiation called UVB
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 4
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 5
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 6
Ozone-Depleting Substance(s) (ODS):
• CFCs, • HCFCs, • halons, • methyl bromide, • carbon tetrachloride, and • methyl chloroform.
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 7
Various sources
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 8
Effects of OLD• -- Skin Cancer (melanoma and
nonmelanoma)-- Premature aging of the skin and other skin problems-- Cataracts and other eye damage-- Immune system suppression
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 9
The Antarctic Ozone Hole
• The ozone hole is defined as the area having less than 220 dobson units (DU) of ozone in the overhead column (i.e., between the ground and space).
Source: http://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/multi/recent_ozone91200.gif
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 10http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/sbuv2to/ozone_hole_plot.gif
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 11
Actions• http://www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/
phaseout/22phaseout.html
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 12
What can we do?• Make sure that technicians working on
your car air conditioner, home air conditioner, or refrigerator are certified by an EPA approved program to recover the refrigerant (this is required by law).
• Have your car and home air conditioner units and refrigerator checked for leaks. When possible, repair leaky air conditioning units before refilling them.
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 13
What can we do?• Contact local authorities to properly dispose
of refrigeration or air conditioning equipment.
• Protect yourself against sunburn. Minimize sun exposure during midday hours (10 am to 4 pm). Wear sunglasses, a hat with a wide brim, and protective clothing with a tight weave. Use a broad spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15 and 30 is better.
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 14
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 15
Ground level Ozone Formation
• Secondary Pollutant• VOCs+ NOx Ozone• In presence of sunlight• Ozone + NOX + HCs Smog
(haze)
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 16
Photochemical Smog
NOCO, RH
NO2
CO
HC
O3
CO
PAN
Haze
6:00AM 12NOON 3:00 PM
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 17
Smog Sources
Source: http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/regusmog/smog.html
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 18
Sources of Volatile Organic Carbons
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 19
Sources of NOx
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 20
What can We do?• Keep your automobile well tuned and
maintained. • Carpool, use mass transit, walk, bicycle,
and/or reduce driving, especially on hot summer days.
• Be careful not to spill gasoline when filling up your car or gasoline-powered lawn and garden equipment. During the summer, fill your gas tank during the cooler evening hours.
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EGEE 102 - Pisupati 21
What can we do?• Make sure your car's tires are properly
inflated and your wheels are aligned. • Participate in your local utility's energy
conservation programs. • Seal containers of household cleaners,
workshop chemicals and solvents, and garden chemicals to prevent VOC from evaporating into the air. Dispose of them properly.