8 old kingdom
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Transcript of 8 old kingdom
Introduction The same way the
Sumerians organized their society into different social classes, the Egyptians’ social structure was arranged in the same way. A small group (nobles)
ruled Egypt. A bigger group provided
food, crafts and labor.
Early Egyptian Society The Old Kingdom
began when the Third
Dynasty rose to power
around 2700 BC. It lasted
for 500 years.
Pyramid of Djoser.- This first Egyptian pyramid consisted of six mastabas (of decreasing size) built atop one another. 2600 BC.
Pharaohs The Pharaohs were believed to be
descendants of the sun god, Ra, making them half gods and kings. Because of this, the Egyptians
believed that the gods owned Egypt and the Pharaoh was the “manager”. Therefore, the Pharaoh had absolute power!
But, Pharaohs were also blamed if bad things happened. They were also demanded that trade be profitable and wars be prevented.
Khufu The most famous pharaoh of
the Old Kingdom was Khufu (Kheops).
Some people say he was a good ruler, while other historians like Herodotus, labeled him a cruel tyrant.
He is responsible for many monuments, including the Great Pyramid of Giza (2500 BC).
Social Structure
By 2200 BC, Egypt had 2 million people. There were three different social classes:
Nobles: People from rich families. Middle class: Gov. officials, scribes, craftsmen, soldiers. Lower class: farmers and slaves (80% of the complete population)
Egypt and its Neighbors
Egypt was well protected by its geography, but not completely isolated. Sumerian designs can be found in
Egyptian art. Style from Nubia (south of Egypt)
are also found. Trade with their neighbors allowed
them to import different items: Nubia: gold, ivory, slaves and
stone. Punt: incense and myrrh. Syria: wood.
Ask Yourself Recall:
For how long did the Old Kingdom last? Drawing conclusions:
What responsibilities did the pharaoh have that balanced his high status?
Make Judgments: What may be some advantages and disadvantages
for such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants and slaves?