8 - Introduction to HCI
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Transcript of 8 - Introduction to HCI
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Lectures:
1. Introduction to HCI
2. Screen elements
3. Images
4. Screen layout
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HCI Definitions
...a discipline concerned with the design,
evaluation and implementation of interactive
computing systems and with the study ofmajor phenomena surrounding them. (ACM
SIGCHI, 1992)
...the study of people, computer technology
and the ways these influence each other.
...making computer technology more usable
by people.
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Development of HCI
2nd WW Weapons research
1950s Early computers: large,expensive, used by
experts
1980 PCs: small, cheap, ubiquitousonward
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A multidisciplinary subject
Cognitive
PsychologySocial &
Organisational
Psychology
Ergonomics
Engineering
DesignSocial
Sciences
Linguistics
Computer
Science
Artificial
Intelligence
HCI
Adapted from Preece p38
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Requires understanding of:
people
computer technology
how people interact with technology
what is meant by more usable
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Usability
Definition:
the capability in human functional terms
to be used easily and effectively by thespecified range of users, given specified
training and user support, to fulfil the
specified range of tasks within thespecified range of environment
scenarios.(Shackel, 1979)
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Usability
Usable technology is:
acceptable to the people
appropriate for the activities
suitable for the context
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4 Factors:
People (Users)
Activities (Tasks)
Context (Environment) Technology
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Organisational
and Social Context
People
Technology
Activities
Physical
Environment
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User Centred Design
Gould and Lewis 1975
Early focus on users and tasks
Empirical measurement
Iterative design
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User Centred Design Principles
Users tasks and goals are driving force behind
development
Users behaviour and context of use are studied and
the system is designed to support them
Users characteristics are captured and designed for
Users are consulted throughout the development and
their input taken into account
All design decisions are taken within the context of
the users, their work and the environment
(Preece et al 2002)
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User needs analysis/PACT
User characterisation orStakeholder
analysis
Primary users
Secondary users
Task analysis/description
Context Analysis
aka Situation Analysis, Environment
Analysis
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User Characterisation
user characteristics physical abilities and skills
general abilities
knowledge computer familiarity
naive
novice
skilled
expert
frequency of use casual
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Task description
Who?
What?
Where?
When?
How often?
Task dependencies
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Task analysis
goal, device, tasks, sub-tasks, actions
Edit letter Print letter
Enter text Amend ......
...... ......
Move cursor
TASKSGOAL
Produce a letter
Selecting a device
determines the tasks
DEVICE
(Preece et al, p412)
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Environment analysis
Physical environment location of activity
physical objects heat, light, noise etc
Social and Organisational context roles and responsibilities
location of people
communication
interruptions
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Technology
New/old computers
Fast/slow network connections
Large/small screens
Desktop/portable/pervasive/wearable
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Interaction Design
Identifying needs and establishing
requirements
Developing alternative designs
Building interactive versions of designs
Evaluating designs
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Standards and Guidelines
Principles
strive for consistency
Rules adopt a consistent format for the location of
various display features from one display to
another
House styles
Standards and directives
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Prototyping
Low fidelity
High fidelity
Horizontal
Vertical
Throw away
Evolutionary
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Premises:
The system should be designed to
match user requirements - people
should not have to change to fit in withthe system
People should be able to concentrate
on their activities rather than on how touse the system