Ch. 1Ch. 1Sec. 3 Sec. 3

Sponges & CnidariansSponges & Cnidarians

Activity-How do natural and synthetic sponges compare?

One similarity between a natural sponge and a synthetic One similarity between a natural sponge and a synthetic sponge is ______________________________.sponge is ______________________________.

One difference between a natural sponge and a synthetic One difference between a natural sponge and a synthetic sponge is ______________________________.sponge is ______________________________.

Are you ready Kids?  Aye, Aye Captain!  I can't Are you ready Kids?  Aye, Aye Captain!  I can't hear you?  Aye, Aye Captain!hear you?  Aye, Aye Captain!

Ohhhhhh...Who lives in a pineapple under the Ohhhhhh...Who lives in a pineapple under the sea? Spongebob Squarepants! Absorbent and sea? Spongebob Squarepants! Absorbent and yellow and porous is he! yellow and porous is he! 

Spongebob Squarepants!  If nautical nonsense be Spongebob Squarepants!  If nautical nonsense be something you wish?something you wish?

Spongebob Squarepants!  Then drop on the deck Spongebob Squarepants!  Then drop on the deck and flop like a fish!  Spongebob Squarepants!  and flop like a fish!  Spongebob Squarepants! 

Ready? Spongebob Squarepants, Spongebob Ready? Spongebob Squarepants, Spongebob Squarepants, Spongebob Squarepants,Squarepants, Spongebob Squarepants,

S p o n g e b o b  S q u a r e p a n t s !  S p o n g e b o b  S q u a r e p a n t s !  

spongessponges no symmetryno symmetry

no organsno organs

covered w/ covered w/ porespores

(small openings)(small openings) phylum- phylum- PoriferaPorifera

(means having pores)(means having pores) don’t move on owndon’t move on own

protected by spikesprotected by spikes

Sponges: Porifera [00:49]

water moves water moves pores- carrying plankton & pores- carrying plankton & mainly one-celled organisms, which sponge mainly one-celled organisms, which sponge traps & eats traps & eats collar cells trap food collar cells trap food

diffusion:diffusion: –moves oxygen from water moves oxygen from water sponge sponge –carries waste from sponge carries waste from sponge water water

How Sponges How Sponges Get Food & Get Food &

Oxygen from Oxygen from WaterWater

Sponges [01:00]

sexualsexual asexualasexual

• sperm & eggs sperm & eggs produced by same spongeproduced by same sponge

• exchanged withexchanged with separate spongeseparate sponge

• buddingbudding==small pieces breaksmall pieces break

off & form new spongesoff & form new sponges

after fertilization-after fertilization-larvalarva develop develop

sponge reproduction

The sexual reproduction of sponges involves a The sexual reproduction of sponges involves a larval stage that moves. Adult sponges stay in larval stage that moves. Adult sponges stay in one place.one place.

A Closer Look at SpongesA Closer Look at Sponges

Soak It Up Soak It Up activity-pg. 18activity-pg. 18

Type of Type of

SpongeSponge

Mass of Mass of damp sponge damp sponge (in grams)(in grams)

Size of Size of porespores

Total Total volumevolume

Volume Volume per gramper gram

CelluloseCellulose

(bright (bright yellow)yellow)

NaturalNatural

FoamFoam

(orange)(orange)

I predict that the ______ I predict that the ______ sponge will hold the most sponge will hold the most water.water.

Answer Analyze & Conclude questions #1-2 pg. 18Answer Analyze & Conclude questions #1-2 pg. 18

use "stinging" cells use "stinging" cells to capture prey & to capture prey & defensedefense

take food into hollow, take food into hollow, central cavitycentral cavity

have radial symmetryhave radial symmetry

Cnidarians: Polyps and Medusa [05:20]

While watching the video, note the following facts about cnidarians: body

plans, life cycle, weapons & movement.

Cnidarians capture their prey by Cnidarians capture their prey by using their stinging cells to inject using their stinging cells to inject

venom to paralyze their prey.venom to paralyze their prey.

Cnidarians have two basic body Cnidarians have two basic body plans, the vase-shaped polyp and plans, the vase-shaped polyp and

the bowl-shaped medusa.the bowl-shaped medusa.

Most polyps are adapted for a life Most polyps are adapted for a life attached to an underwater attached to an underwater

surface.surface.

2 body plans 2 body plans of cnidariansof cnidarians

polyppolyp medusamedusa

• vase-shapedvase-shaped• mouth at topmouth at top• do not movedo not move

• bowl-shapedbowl-shaped• mouth opens downmouth opens down

• free-swimmingfree-swimming

hydrahydra jellyfishjellyfish

hydrahydra--

polyppolyp

The life The life cycle of a cycle of a moon jelly moon jelly has both has both a polyp a polyp and a and a medusa medusa stage.stage.

cnidarian reproductioncnidarian reproduction reproduce both sexually & asexuallyreproduce both sexually & asexually

hydra buddinghydra budding

built by skeletons of cnidariansbuilt by skeletons of cnidarians coral polyps release eggs & sperm into water coral polyps release eggs & sperm into water when egg & sperm meet when egg & sperm meet larva larva

Coral ReefCoral Reef

The baby coral The baby coral looks like a little looks like a little tiny jellyfish. tiny jellyfish.

It floats around It floats around in the water in the water until it finds a until it finds a hard place to hard place to attach to, attach to, usually a coral usually a coral reef. reef.

coral polypcoral polyp

A coral reef is about a A coral reef is about a million of these individual million of these individual coral polyp shells all stuck coral polyp shells all stuck one on top of the other. one on top of the other.

When coral polyps die, new When coral polyps die, new ones land and grow right on ones land and grow right on top of the old empty shells. top of the old empty shells.

There are over 500 different There are over 500 different species of coral. Some look species of coral. Some look like brains and some like like brains and some like fans and some like the fans and some like the antlers of deer, but they are antlers of deer, but they are all made up of tiny coral all made up of tiny coral polyps. polyps.

Organisms other than coral can form reefs.Organisms other than coral can form reefs. A reef is simply a structure in the shallow parts of the A reef is simply a structure in the shallow parts of the

ocean that serves as a home to animals and plants. ocean that serves as a home to animals and plants. Many sunken ships have become reefs and humans Many sunken ships have become reefs and humans

even create even create artificial reefs to replace the coral reefs to replace the coral reefs that we have destroyed. that we have destroyed.

Some artificial reefs are specially constructed for the Some artificial reefs are specially constructed for the purpose, but others are made of tires linked together, purpose, but others are made of tires linked together, old appliances linked together and even discarded old appliances linked together and even discarded military equipment like tanks and helicopters.military equipment like tanks and helicopters.

Artificial Artificial ReefsReefs

decommissioned aircraft decommissioned aircraft

sunken subway carssunken subway cars

reef balls which reef balls which include the cremated include the cremated remains of a loved oneremains of a loved one

Feature Sponges Cnidarians

Comparing and Contrasting Comparing and Contrasting Sponges & CnidariansSponges & Cnidarians

Body structure

Cell type that traps food

Method(s) of reproduction

Hollow body w/ poresCollar cells

Sexual & asexual

Polyp or medusa, central body cavity, tentacles

Stinging cellsSexual & asexual