7.Cell Transport
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Transcript of 7.Cell Transport
8/12/2019 7.Cell Transport
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Cellular Transport
Dra. Rini Indyastuti M.Si.
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About Cell Membranes
1.All cells have a cellmembrane
2.Functions:
a.Controls what entersand exits the cell tomaintain an internal
balance calledhomeostasis
b.Provides protection andsupport for the cell
TEM picture of a
real cell membrane.
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• Semua sel memiliki
membran sel
Fungsi:
Kontrol apa yang masuk
dan keluar dari sel untukmenjaga keseimbangan
internal yang disebut
Homeostasis
Memberikanperlindungan dan
dukungan bagi sel
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3.Structure of cell membrane
Lipid B i layer -2 layers ofphospholipids
a.Phosphate head is polar
(water loving)
b.Fatty acid tails non-polar
(water fearing)
c.Proteins embedded in
membrane
About Cell Membranes (continued)
Phospholipid
Lipid Bilayer
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• Struktur membran sel
-2 Lapisan ganda lipid
lapisan fosfolipid
Fosfat kepala polar(air cinta)
Asam lemak ekor
non-polar (air takut)
Protein tertanamdalam membran
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Proteins
Membrane
movement
animation
Polar heads
love water
& dissolve.
Non-polar
tails hide
from water .
Carbohydrate cell
markers
Fluid Mosaic
Model of the
cell membrane
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• 4. Cell membranes have pores (holes) in ita.Selectively permeable: Allows some
molecules in and keeps other molecules out
b.The structure helps it be selective!
About Cell Membranes (continued)
Pores
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• 4. Membran sel
memiliki pori-pori
(lubang) di dalamnya
Selektif permeabel:Memungkinkan
beberapa molekul
dalam dan membuat
molekul lainnyakeluar
Struktur membantu itu
selektif!
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Outside of cell
Inside of cell(cytoplasm)
LipidBilayer
Proteins
Transport
Protein Phospholipids
Carbohydratechains
Structure of the Cell Membrane
Go toSection:
Animations
of membrane
structure
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Types of Cellular Transport
• Passive Transport
cell doesn’t use energy
1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis
• Active Transport
cell does use energy1. Protein Pumps
2. Endocytosis
3. Exocytosis
high
low
This is
gonnabe hard
work!!
high
low
Weeee!!
!
• Animations of Active
Transport & Passive
Transport
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Passive Transport• cell uses no energy
• molecules move randomly
• Molecules spread out from an area of
high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
• (HighLow)
• Three types:
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• sel tidak menggunakan energi
molekul bergerak secara acak
Molekul menyebar keluar dari daerah
konsentrasi tinggi ke daerah konsentrasirendah.
(High Rendah)
Tiga jenis:
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3 Types of Passive Transport
1. Diffusion
2. Facilitative Diffusion – diffusion with
the help of transport proteins
3. Osmosis – diffusion of water
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• Difusi
Fasilitatif Difusi - difusi dengan bantuan
protein transpor
Osmosis - difusi air
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Passive Transport:
1. Diffusion
1. Diffusion: random movementof particles from an area of
high concentration to an
area of low concentration. (High to Low )
• Diffusion continues until all
molecules are evenly spaced(equilibrium is reached)-Note:
molecules will still move around
but stay spread out.http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm
Simple Diffusion
Animation
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• Difusi: pergerakan acak
partikel dari daerah
konsentrasi tinggi ke
daerah konsentrasi
rendah.(Tinggi ke Rendah)
Difusi berlanjut sampai
semua molekul merata
jarak (ekuilibriumtercapai)-Catatan:
molekul akan masih
bergerak di sekitar tetapi
tinggal menyebar.
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2. Facilitated diffusion:diffusion of specific particlesthrough transportproteins found in the
membranea.Transport Proteins are
specific – they “select”only certain molecules
to cross the membraneb.Transports larger or
charged molecules
Facilitated
diffusion (Channel
Protein)
Diffusion
(Lipid
Bilayer)
Passive Transport:
2. Facilitated Diffusion
Carrier Protein
A B
•
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• 2. Difasilitasi difusi: difusi
partikel tertentu melalui
transportasi protein yang
ditemukan di dalam
membranTransport Protein adalah
spesifik - mereka "pilih"
hanya molekul-molekul
tertentu untukmenyeberangi membran
Transports molekul yang
lebih besar atau
dibebankan
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High Concentration
Low Concentration
Cell Membrane
Glucosemolecules
Protein
channel
Passive Transport: 2. Facilitated Diffusion
Go toSection:
Transport
ProteinThrough a
Cellular Transport From a-High
Low
• Channel Proteins
animations
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• 3.Osmosis: diffusion ofwater through a
selectively permeable
membrane• Water moves from high
to low concentrations
•Water moves freelythrough pores.
•Solute (green) to large
to move across.
Osmosis
animation
Passive Transport:
3. Osmosis
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• 3.Osmosis: difusi
air melalui
membran
permeabel selektif Air bergerak dari
konsentrasi tinggi
ke rendah
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Osmosis: Solutions
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Active Transport
•cell uses energy
•actively moves molecules to where they are
needed
•Movement from an area of low concentration
to an area of high concentration
•(Low High)
•Three Types:
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• sel menggunakan energi
molekul bergerak secara aktif di mana
mereka dibutuhkan
Gerakan dari daerah konsentrasi rendahke daerah konsentrasi tinggi
( Rendah Tinggi)
Tiga Jenis:
Sodium
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Types of Active Transport
1. Protein Pumps -
transport proteins that
require energy to dowork
•Example: Sodium /
Potassium Pumps
are important in nerveresponses.
Sodium
Potassium Pumps
(Active Transport
using proteins)
Protein changesshape to move
molecules: this
requires energy!
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• 1. Pompa-transportasi protein protein yang
membutuhkan energi untuk melakukan
pekerjaan
Contoh: Natrium / Kalium Pompa sangatpenting dalam respons saraf
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Sodium Potassium Pumps
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Types of Active Transport
• 2. Endocytosis: taking
bulky material into a cell
• Uses energy
• Cell membrane in-foldsaround food particle
• “cell eating ”
• forms food vacuole &digests food
• This is how white blood
cells eat bacteria!
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Endocytosis
• Endocytos is is the process of taking
materials into the cell that are too large to
pass through the cell membrane
(phagocytosis), liquids that can notdiffuse through the membrane
(pinocytosis), or special molecules which
bind to surface receptors on the cellmembrane (receptor-mediated
endocytosis).
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• Endositosis adalah proses mengambil ke
dalam sel bahan yang terlalu besar untuk
melewati membran sel (fagositosis), cairan
yang tidak dapat menyebar melaluimembran (pinocytosis), atau khusus untuk
molekul yang mengikat reseptor pada
permukaan membran sel (reseptorditengahi endositosis).
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Types of Active Transport
3. Exocytosis: Forcesmaterial out of cell in bulk
• membrane surrounding the
material fuses with cellmembrane
• Cell changes shape – requires energy
• EX: Hormones orwastes released fromcell
Endocytosis &Exocytosis
animations
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Exocytosis
• Exocytosis is the
movement of
materials out of the
cell for secretion orgetting rid of cellular
waste. It is the
reverse of
phagocytosis orreceptor- mediated
endocytosis.
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• Exocytosis adalah
pergerakan material
keluar dari sel untuk
membuang sekresiatau limbah seluler.
Ini adalah kebalikan
dari fagositosis atau
endositosis yangdiperantarai reseptor.
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Effects of Osmosis on Life
• Osmosis- diffusion of water through a
selectively permeable membrane
• Water is so small and there is so muchof it the cell can’t control it’s movement
through the cell membrane.
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• Difusi-osmosis air melalui membran
permeabel selektif
Air adalah begitu kecil dan ada begitu
banyak sel itu tidak dapat mengendalikan
gerakan ini melalui selaput sel.
H t i S l ti• Osmosis
Animations for
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Hypotonic Solution
Hypotonic : The solution has a lower concentration of
solutes and a higher concentration of water thaninside the cell. (Low solute; High water)
Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the
cell): Cell Swells and bursts open (cytolysis)!
Animations forisotonic, hypertonic,
and hypotonicsolutions
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Hipertonik: Solusi memiliki konsentrasi yang lebih
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pe to So us e o se t as ya g eb
tinggi zat terlarut dan konsentrasi yang lebih
rendah daripada air di dalam sel. (High terlarut;
Rendah air)
Hasil: Air bergerak daridalam sel ke dalam larutan:
Cell menyusut
(Plasmolisis)!
• Osmosis Animations for
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Isotonic Solution
Isotonic : The concentration of solutes in the solution
is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
Result: Water moves equally in both directions and
the cell remains same size! (Dynamic Equilibrium)
isotonic, hypertonic,and hypotonic
solutions
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Isotonik: Konsentrasi zat terlarut dalam larutan
sama dengan konsentrasi zat terlarut di dalam sel.
Result: Water movesequally in both directions
and the cell remains same
size! (Dynamic Equilibrium)
What type of solution are these cells in?
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What type of solution are these cells in?
A CB
Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic
How Organisms Deal • Paramecium
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How Organisms Deal
with Osmotic Pressure(protist) removingexcess watervideo
•Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent themfrom over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on
the cell wall is called tugor pressure.
• A protist like paramecium has contractile vacuoles thatcollect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them
from over-expanding.
•Salt water fish pump salt out of their specialized gills sothey do not dehydrate.
• Animal cells are bathed in blood. Kidneys keep the
blood isotonic by remove excess salt and water.
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• Bakteri dan tumbuhan memiliki dinding sel yang
mencegah mereka dari atas-berkembang. Pada
tumbuhan tekanan yang diberikan pada dinding sel
disebut tekanan tugor.
Sebuah Protista seperti paramecium memiliki vakuolakontraktil yang mengumpulkan air yang mengalir di
dalam dan pompa itu untuk mencegah mereka dari atas-
berkembang.
Pompa ikan air garam garam keluar dari insang khususmereka sehingga mereka tidak mengalami dehidrasi.
Sel-sel hewan yang bermandikan darah. Ginjal membuat
darah isotonik dengan menghilangkan kelebihan garam
dan air.
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Thank You