74 comes to your mind? development? General Public Parents ... · Erik Erikson Jean Piaget Slide 50...
Transcript of 74 comes to your mind? development? General Public Parents ... · Erik Erikson Jean Piaget Slide 50...
Slide 1 Why study adolescent
development?
Joseph Szabo, photographer
Slide 2 What is it?
• The word derives from the Latin verb
adolescere meaning "to grow up."
Slide 3
12
71
15
74
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Negative descriptions of adolescents
(such as lazy, disrespectful, or wild)
Postive descriptions of adolescents
(such as smart, curious and energetic)
General Public Parents
%
%
%
%
if you were to describe today's teenagers, what would be the first thing that
comes to your mind?
Public Agenda, 1999 Based on 1,005 adults age 18 and older,
Telephone interviews in 1998
Slide 4
38
40
32
0 10 20 30 40
General public
Parents
Adolescents
Public Agenda, 1999
Percentage saying "will make it a better place"
When today's children grow do you think they're likely to make America a
better place, a worse place, or will they probably make little difference?
Slide 5
14%
13%
50%
52%
35%
34%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Adolescents who
are friendly and
helpful towards
neighbors
Adolescents who
treat people with
respect
Very Common Somewhat common Not too/Not common at all
Now, I'm going to describe different types of teenagers and ask you if you
think they are common or not. Are they very common, somewhat common,
not too common, or not common at all?
Public Agenda, 1999Based on 1,005 adults age 18 and older,
Telephone interviews in 1998
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1964
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19691965
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19721970
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19851975
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1989 1990
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1993 1993
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1999 1999
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1999 1999
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2000 2000
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2001 2001
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20052004
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20062005
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2006
Slide 22 How do we find out about
adolescents? Research
• Interviews
• Questionnaires
• Observations
• Experiments
Slide 23 Research Designs
• Cross-Sectional Studies (different participants -
ages/same time)
Sample A
13 year old
Sample B
16 year old
Compare with
• Longitudinal Studies (same participants/different times)
Sample C
13 year old
Sample C
16 year old
Studied again as
Slide 24 Where the Youth are:
Distribution of world’s young people
9.0%
9.4%
61.5%
15.7%
4.0%
0.4%
Africa
Oceania
North America
Latin America & the
Caribbean
Europe
Asia
Slide 25 The adolescent population in the US
Adolescent population is slowly growing
Shrinking relative to other age groups, especially the elderly
Slide 26
Percent of Persons Under 18 Years: 2000
20.1-22.8
23.6-25.1
27.3-28.7
30.4-32.2
25.2-26.8
US Census 2000
Slide 27
Projected Change in U.S. Juvenile Population: 1995 to 2015
25% to 35% (10 states)
15% to 25% (10 states)
-15% to 0% (10 states)
-30% to -15% (12 states)
0% to 15% (9 States)
Slide 28
Hispanic, 15%
Am. Indian, 1%
Black, 15%
White, 60%
Biracial, 2%
Pacific Isander, 0.1%
3.5%Asian Am.
Distribution of adolescents in the United States by ethnicity
Slide 29
Change
A picture a day
Female 14 to 17 years
Male Started age 19
Slide 30 Boundaries of Adolescence
Perspective When
Adolescence
Begins
When
Adolescence
Ends
Biological Onset of Puberty Development of
capacity for
sexual
reproduction
Emotional Beginning of
detachment from
parents
Attainment of
separate sense
of identity
Cognitive Emergence of
more advanced
reasoning
abilities
Consolidation of
more advanced
reasoning skills
Slide 31 Boundaries of Adolescence
Perspective When
Adolescence
Begins
When
Adolescence
Ends
Interpersonal Beginning of a
shift in interest
from parental to
peer relations
Development of
capacity for
intimacy with
peers
Social Beginning of
training of adult
work, family, and
citizen roles
Full attainment of
adult status and
privileges
Educational Entrance into
junior high school
Completion of
formal schooling
Slide 32 Boundaries of Adolescence
Perspective When
Adolescence
Begins
When
Adolescence
Ends
Legal Attainment of
juvenile status
Attainment of
majority status
Chronological Attainment of
designated age
of adolescence
(e.g., 10 years
old)
Attainment of
designated age
of adulthood
(e.g., 22 years)
Cultural Entrance into
period of training
for a ceremonial
rite of passage
Completion of
ceremonial rite
passage
Slide 33 Stages of Adolescence
• Early Adolescence (10-13 years of age)
• Middle Adolescence (14 to 18 years of
age)
• Late Adolescence (18 to 22 years of age)
Slide 34 Definition of adolescence
• Period of transition spanning from the
second decade of life during which a
person’s biological, psychological, and
social characteristics undergo change in
an interrelated manner and the person
goes from being childlike to adultlike.
Slide 35 Levels of Influence
Biological
Psychological
Society-Culture
Slide 36
Andrea
Colombia
Sarah
UK
Nie Dee
China
Sara
IranRilind
Kosovo
Silvino
Angola
Osama
Egypt
Sasha
Russia
Slide 37 Diversity: Differences among
people (Inter-individual differences)
• Race, ethnicity, gender, physical
characteristics, age, culture
Slide 38 Diversity: Changes within
individuals (Intra-individual Change)
.
Slide 39 Developmental trajectories
• Differences in how young people go though these transitions. Differ in timing of onset, speed of transition and outcomes.
• Dependent on context (e.g., family, work, peer group, school, neighborhood, community society, culture and historical time).
Slide 40 The Adolescent
Health
Slide 41 Bi-drectional Influences
HealthHealth
Parent Adolescent
Slide 42
Adolescent
Peers
Church
Neighborhood
Family
School
Slide 43
Adolescent
Peers
Church
Neighborhood
Family
School
Society
HistoryWars, Economy, Internet
Slide 44
Child
Family
Neighborhood Peers
Church Group
School
Family
Mass Media
Workplace
School Board
LegalServices
Neighbors
ExtendedFamily
Culture,
historical time
Micro-system
Brofenbrenner-
Ecological
perspective on
human
development
Slide 45 Theories of Adolescence
Nature Nurture
Biology Environment
Slide 46
Biological Theories
G.Stanley Hall 1844-1924
Slide 47 Theory of Recapitulation
• Internal maturational factors control and
direct development, growth and behavior.
• Infancy: 0-4 years- reenacting the animal
stage of the human race. crawling
• Childhood:4-8 years-hunting and fishing.
Hide and seek, toy weapons, building of
caves, shacks and other hiding-cave
dwelling
Slide 48 Theory of Recapitulation
• Youth. 8-12 years. “humdrum life of slavery”, favorable disposition predisposition to practice and drills (learning).
• Adolescence. 12-adult status. “Storm and Stress”. Human race in a turbulent, transitional stage. Emotional life as oscillating between contradictory tendencies. (gaiety, laugher, sadness)
• Late Adolescence. Recapitulates the beginning of civilization, maturity.
Slide 49
Sigmund Freud
Organismic Theories
Erik Erikson Jean Piaget
Slide 50 Learning Theories
• Stress on context
Sociological Theories
Historical and Anthropological
Approaches
Slide 51 Storm and Stress?
OR
Slide 52
72%
67%
66%
61%
50%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
I can always trust my parents to be there for me
when I need them
If I ever need to talk to an adult, there is someone
other than my parents I can go to
Faith in God is an important part of my life
I can always trust my friends to be there for me
when I need them
I am usually happy
Public Agenda
Slide 53
1
2
3
US
Sou
th A
frica
White
Sou
th A
frica
-Color
ed
Sou
th A
frica
Black
India
Gaz
a
columbia
Ban
glad
esh
Bos
nia
China
Ger
nany
Maternal Support Paternal Support
Across nations adolescents view their parents as supportive
Barber, Stolz & Olsen, 2005
Slide 54 The Adolescent-Storm and Stress
Health
Prior development
Slide 55 Multiple Paths through Early
Adolescence
• Continuous
Growth
• Surgent Growth
• Tumultuous
Growth
Offer, 1969