7.2 Cell StructureDescribe the structure and function of all those crazy organellesAny question with an asterisk* - NEED TO KNOW!

Cell Organization*1. Describe the relationship between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of a cellCytoplasm – fluid that surrounds everything outside the nucleusNucleus – centrally-located structure that controls cell’s activities (surrounded by cytoplasm)

*2. What does the term “organelle” mean literally?“Little organ”

Cell Organization Continued*3. In the visual analogy of a cell as a factory, what two functions of the nucleus are represented? How are they illustrated?-Nucleus controls cell, like office of factory; messages go in and out of office like RNA through nuclear pores

*4. What feature of the nucleus is NOT clearly show by the visual analogy?-The chromatin is not clearly shown

5. What is another possible analogy that could be compared with the structure and function of a cell?School, city, restaurant, others?

Organelles that Store, Clean Up, and Support*6. What are vacuoles?Membrane-enclosed sac-like structures that store materials like salt, water, carbohydrates, and proteins

*7. What are the two roles of the central vacuole in plant cells?1 – Storage of materials and 2 – Support of the cell

8. How are contractile vacuoles different from other types of vacuoles?Contractile means it can contract (squeeze) excess water out of the cell. Other vacuoles just store and hold materials

*9. Label the structures in the plant & animal diagrams

CENTRIOLE

LYSOSOME

CENTRAL VACUOLE

*10. What is the role of lysosome in a cell? Why is this a vital role?Lysosomes- break down molecules, remove waste/junk; it is vital b/c if waste builds up, it may cause the cell to become dysfunctional

*11. Which structures of the cytoskeleton are found in animal cells but not in plant cells?Centrioles (necessary for cell division…CH 10!)

12. What other structures of the cytoskeleton would show the same pattern of microtubules as a flagellum?Cilia

Organelles That Build Proteins

*13. What are ribosomes? What do they do?Bundles of RNA/protein found throughout cytoplasm. They make proteins!

*14. In which organelle are the lipid components of the cell membrane assembled?Endoplasmic reticulum

*15. What is the difference between the rough and smooth ER?Rough – ribosomes attached; looks roughSmooth – no ribosomes attached; looks smooth

*16. Using the cell as a factory analogy, describe the role of the Golgi apparatus in cells.The Golgi is like a customization shop because it puts the finishing touches on proteins and sends them to the appropriate destination

*17. Suppose a cell’s Golgi does not function properly. How might this problem affect other cells?Proteins may not get to the right place; not receive the right proteins if packaged incorrectly

Organelles That Capture & Release Energy

*18.Chloroplasts Mitochondria

- Plants ONLY- Capture solar energy to make food

- Eukaryotes (plants & animals)- Convert food into energy the cell can use

-Has own DNA-Double membrane-Descended from microorganisms

True or False*19. Chloroplasts are never found in animal cells.TRUE*20. Unlike chloroplasts, mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane.FALSE – Like*21. Nearly all of the mitochondria in your cells were inherited from your mother.TRUE*22. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria lack genetic information in the form of DNA.FALSE - have

Cellular Boundaries23. Most cell ___________ are porous to water and other materials but strong enough to support and protect cells.24. Nearly all of the plant tissue called ______________ is made up of cell walls.25. Besides supporting and protecting a cell, the cell membrane ________________ what enters and leaves a cell.

WALLS

WOOD

REGULATES

**26. Complete the diagram of a section of the cell membrane. Then, on the line below the diagram, write the name of the model that describes its structure

LIPID BILAYER

HYDROPHILIC HEAD

CARBOHYDRATE CHAIN

FLUID MOSAIC MODEL

LIPID

FYI: Phobic = afraid of …Philic = love of …Hydro = water

Apply the Big Idea27. What is the function of vesicles in the synthesis of proteins and the release of those proteins outside the cell?Vesicles store proteins and transport them to the Golgi apparatus for packaging, and then they take them to be released out the cell membrane