7151824 Introduction to DBMS
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Transcript of 7151824 Introduction to DBMS
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Course conduct
Number of sessions
Theory / Lab Days, Timings
How to follow Lab sessions
Expectations from Students
About Oracle courseware
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Oracle course Breakup
Introduction to DBMS
SQL
PL/SQL
Oracle Architecture
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List of Books
Oracle 9i : The complete Reference
(Oracle Press)
SQL, PL/SQL Programming Language of
Oracle8 By
Ivan Bayross (BPB publication)
SQL for Professionals
By Kishore, Naik (TMH)
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INTRODUCTIONTO
DBMS
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Introduction to DBMS
Objectives -
Identify the need of DBMS
Distinguish between manual and computerised
database management
State the evolution of DBMS
State what is Database
List the components of a Database
Describe DBMS characteristics
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Key to Success
Data
Informatio
n
Knowledge
Judgement
Success
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Key to Success
Data
Information
Knowledge
Judgemen
t
Success
Organise
Analysis
Reasoning
Decision
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Approaches to
Data Management
Data Management goals
Convenient and efficient retrieval
Updating operations
Types
Manual Data Management
DBMS ( Computer based)
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Manual Data Management
Problems & limitations in Manual DataManagement
Physical volume of dataNo sharing
Data isolation
Data Redundancy
Diffused Responsibilities Difficult access to the data
Poor support for concurrent access to the data
Weak Integrity / unsatisfactory security measures
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Evolution of DBMS
The evolution of database management
system was accompanied and promoted by
advancements in computing
Hardware
Operating System
Networking
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Evolution of DBMS
Technological Advancement in Data
Management
Using computers to speedup processing of data
Advancement of processing power & storage
devices
Sharing data among multiple userCentralized to distributed processing
Centralized to distributed databases
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Changes in
Computing Scenario
Mainframe / Host based Computing
File Server / LAN based Computing
Client Server Computing
Web Based Computing
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Mainframe / Host based
Computing
Minicomputer
or Mainframe
Modem
ModemRemote
Terminal
Local
Terminal
The Server / Terminal Model : Dumb Client / Smart Server ( e.g. : Unix Environment )The Server / Terminal Model : Dumb Client / Smart Server ( e.g. : Unix Environment )
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File Server / LAN based
ComputingThe File Server Model : Smart Client / Dumb ServerThe File Server Model : Smart Client / Dumb Server
PCPC
PC
Changed data file sent to the server
Data file sent to the PC
File Server
Network Cable
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Client / Server Computing
The Client/ Server Model : Smart Client / Smart ServerThe Client/ Server Model : Smart Client / Smart Server
PCPC
PCFile Server
Network Cable
Database
Server
Query Results
Query
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Definition of a Database
Database is a collection of facts
Database is a self describing organised
collection of integrated data
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Components of a Database
Fundamental components of database are
User/Application data
Actual data / facts
Data Dictionary
Data about Data
Data that describes dataOverhead data
Indexes, Integrity etc...
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DBMS Characteristics
Control of Data Redundancy
Sharing of Data
Maintenance of Integrity
Support for Transaction Control and Recovery
Data abstraction
Data Independence
Availability of Productivity Tools
Control over Security
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DBMS Characteristics
Control of Data Redundancy :
DBMS does not automatically remove
redundancies but help to control redundancy
Sharing of Data :
DBMS allows many applications to share the
data
Data sharing is in a controlled manner
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DBMS Characteristics
Maintenance of Integrity :
Integrity of data refers to the correctness, consistency
and interrelationship of the data with the application
which uses the data
Entity Integrity
Primary key
Domain of values
Referential Integrity
Interrelationship between different data files /
tables
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DBMS Characteristics
Support for transaction control and Recovery
:
Transaction is a series of operations (updates)treated as single logical transaction (atomic)
With transactions database is never in a statewhere only some updates have taken place
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DBMS Characteristics
Data Abstraction :
Different views from different planes / levels
External view
User / application view
Conceptual view
Logical view
Internal View
Details about the structure of data
Physical storage of Information
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DBMS Characteristics
Data Independence :
The way information is stored and the way
information is used is independent of each other
The data and application are independent Logical data independence
Physical data Independence
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DBMS Characteristics
Availability of Productivity Tools :
Provides sophisticated tools for increased
programming productivity and end user
computing tools such as
Powerful query languages Screen and report painters
Other 4GL tools, etc.
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DBMS Characteristics
Control over security :
DBMSs provide tools by which the DBA canensure security of the data
Use of
User Code, Password
Privileges, Roles
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DBMS Characteristics
Processing speeds :
DBMSs provide a lot of facilities overconventional file systems
Continuos efforts towards making DBMSs
more efficient
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DBMS Characteristics
Hardware Independence :
Most DBMSs are available across hardwareplatforms and operating systems
Applications can be easily ported