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3.5.2 The law on natural resources

The Stockholm Declaration 1972

The Stockholm Declaration of the United Nations Conference onthe Human Environment of 19721 was perhaps the first major

international environmental law instrument that introduced the

idea of conserving natural resources onto the agenda ofinternational economic law.

Principles 2, 3 and 5 of the Stockholm Declaration speak of the

need to conserve natural resources:Principle 2

The natural resources of the earth including, the air, water,

land, flora and fauna and especially representative samples

of natural ecosystems must be safeguarded for the benefit ofpresent and future generations through careful planning or

management, as appropriate.

3.5.2 Ligji mbi burimet natyroreDeklarata e Stokholmit 1972

Deklarata e Stokholmit e Konferencs s Kombeve t Bashkuara pr

Mjedisin e Njeriut e vitit 19721 ishte ndoshta Instrumeti me I pare dhe kryesor I

ligji nderkombetar mjedisor q futi iden e ruajtjes se burimeve natyrore mbi

axhendn e ligjit ekonomik ndrkombtare.

Parimet 2, 3 dhe 5 t Deklarats s Stokholmit flasin

per nevojn qe duhet t ruhen burimet natyrore:

parimi 2

Burimet natyrore t toks qe perfshijne, ajrin, ujin,

, token, kafshet dhe bimet e veqanerisht mostrat prfaqsuese

te ekosistemeve natyrore duhet t mbrohen pr t mirn egjeneratave te tanishme dhe t ardhshme prmes planifikimit t kujdesshm ose

menaxhimit te pershtatshem.

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Principle 3

The capacity of the earth to produce vital renewable

resources must be maintained and, wherever practicablerestored or improved.

Principle 5

The non-renewable resources of the earth must be employedin such a way as to guard against the danger of their future

exhaustion and to ensure that benefits from such

employment are shared by all mankind.The Stockholm Declaration sought for the first time to limit the

right of states to exploit their natural resources (especially those

which are non-renewable).

As stated earlier, until this point international economic lawhad sought to define and strengthen the rights of sovereign states

to exploit their natural resources (whether renewable or

non-renewable) through various instruments, such as the concept

of permanent sovereignty over natural resources.

Parimi 3Kapaciteti i toks pr t prodhuar burimet prtrirese jetesoreduhet t ruhet dhe, kudo q t gjinden si i praktikuararestauruar apo prmirsuar.parimi 5Burimet jo pertrirese te toks duhet t jen t perdoruran mnyr t till pr tu mbrojtur kundr rrezikut t shterjes se ardhshemte ketyre burimeve dhe pr t siguruar qe perfitimet ngaperdorimet e tilla jan ndar nga t gjith njerzimit.Deklarata e Stokholmit ka krkuar pr her t par pr t kufizuart drejtn e shteteve pr t shfrytzuar burimet e tyre natyrore (sidomosato t cilat jan jo-pertrirese).Si u tha m hert, deri n kt pike, ligji ekonomik ndrkombtarekishte krkuar pr t prcaktuar dhe pr t forcuar t drejtat e shtetevesovrane pr t shfrytzuar burimet e tyre natyrore (pa marrur parasysh se a

jane ato te riprtrishme apo te pa ripertrishme)nprmjet instrumenteve t ndryshme, si: koncepti

i sovranitetit t prhershm mbi burimet natyrore.

However, while endorsing this right of states, Principle 21 of the

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Stockholm Declaration sought to reconcile it with the need for

environmental protection:

States have, in accordance with the Charter of the UnitedNations and the principles of international law, the sovereign

right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own

environmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure thatactivities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause

damage to the environment of other States or of areas

beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.

Megjithat, gjate miratimit t kesaj te drejte te shteteve, Parimi 21 i

Deklarates te Stokholmit u prpoq t nderroj at me nevojn pr

mbrojtjen e mjedisit:

Shtetet kan te drejten e sovranitetit, n prputhje me Kartn e Kombeve t

bashkuara dhe me parimet e ligjit ndrkombtar, pr t shfrytzuar burimet e tyre

n pajtueshmeri me politikat mjedisore, dhe prgjegjsin pr t siguruar q

aktivitetet brenda pushtetit ose kontrollit t tyre nuk shkaktojndmtim te mjedisit t shteteve t tjera ose t zonave

prtej kufijve t pushtetit kombtar