Pharmacognosy Lecture # 5+6 (Tannins) [By, Sir Tanveer Khan]
7. Rural Market- Tanveer Aziz Khan
-
Upload
ruslan-riasat -
Category
Documents
-
view
117 -
download
4
Transcript of 7. Rural Market- Tanveer Aziz Khan
7.1 Introduction:
Bangladesh has made significant strides in its economic sector
since its independence in 1971. Bangladeshi garments industry is one
of the largest and comprehensive industry in the world. Before 1980,
Bangladesh's economy and foreign exchange earnings were driven by
the jute industry. However, this industry started to fall dramatically
from 1970, when polypropylene products gained popularity over the
jute products.
Bangladesh has also made major strides to meet the food
needs of its increasing population, through increased domestic
production. Currently, Bangladesh is the third largest rice producing
country in the world. The land is devoted mainly to rice and jute
cultivation, although wheat production has increased in recent years;
the country is largely self-sufficient in rice production. Nonetheless,
an estimated 10% to 15% of the population faces serious nutritional
risk. Bangladesh's predominantly agricultural economy depends
heavily on an erratic monsoonal cycle, with periodic flooding and
drought. Although improving, infrastructure to support
transportation, communications, and power supply is poorly
developed. The country has large reserves of natural gas and limited
reserves of coal and oil. While Bangladesh's industrial base is weak,
unskilled labor is inexpensive and plentiful.
Rural market has an impact in the economy of Bangladesh.
Because there are huge number of products comes from village such
as paddy, maize, vegetables etc. So it creates a positive impact in the
national economy. Basilcally it’s a linkege between rural people as
98
well as urban people. Here our assign village is Dhonokundi East
Para and our assign haat is Chandaikona.
In chandaikona bazar all sort of parties involved such as
buyer, seller and middlemen. But at haat period major parties are
seller and middlemen. Al the paries are inter related to each other.
Chandaikona is famous haat for its surrouding villages as
well as Bogra. Its well structured and organized. Total haat is divided
into two parts. One is retail section that’s the main raod another one
is wholesale section which is situated in school field. This haat held in
twice a week (Saturday and Tuesday)
The infrastructure facility is good in this haat. Electricity is
available and the haat is situated beside the Asian Highway. So the
transportation facilities of that particular haat is good. Basic reason of
conducting the analysis to understand the market structure of rural
haat, the products as well as distribution channels. Its gives us a n
idea about the total communication procedure with the urban market
and their contribution in the national economy.
7.1.1 Objectives:
Idea about economic activities of the villagers.
Products and service available in the market.
Market structure
Distribution channel
Inflow and outflow of products.
Difference between rural market and urban market.
99
7.1.2 Procedure:
The total procedure is conducted by PRA methods.
(Performance Rural Appraisal)
7.1.3 Market System:
Communication
Capital
Products
Money
Information
7.2 Market:
Market is a place where all sort of commodities are buy and sell. Total
transection is being held in market. Basically, the set of all actual and
potential buyers of a product and service.( Philip Kotler, Gary
Armstrong)
100
FIELD SURVEY WINTER 2005
IndustryA collection of
Sellers
HaatA collection of Buyers
Household
Marketing means satisfying customer needs and wants by selling the
products. It is a social and managerial process by which individuals
and groups obtain what they need and word through creating and
exchanging products and value with others. (Philip Kotler, Gary
Armstrong)
7.2.1 Villege Haat:
Haat is baiscally temporary market. It sits once or twice a week. All
sort of buyers and sellers join there for transecting goods and services
throughout the week. At haat period all producers join there to sell
their products to buyers which comes from different places.
There is another term known as bazaar. It’s a permanent market. Its
sits throughout the year. Daily and retail activites done in bazaar.
So there are some distinction between Haat and Bazaar which are
given below-
HAAT BAZAAR
It is temporary market It is permanent market
It sits once or twice a week It sits throughout the year
It’s a combination of both
buyer and seller.
All kind of entrepreneur are in
bazaar.
Products are send from haat to
thoughout the nation
Product are import from
different location.
7.2.2 About Haat:
Chandaikona is a very famous haat for villegers like
Dhonokundi, Garoi, Boraidaho, Ghoga, Kaliya Kor etc. Its started form
British period. Most of the villeges are situated with 2-5 km area.
There is a Bonik Shomity who takes lease the haat area by 14,00,000
101
TK per year. Large number or customers are come to buy and sell
their product.
N
7.2.3 Position of Chandaikona:
w E
S
7.2.4 Location of Retail market and Wholesale market:
Retail Mkt
102
CHANDAIKONA
SHIMLAZAPRA
GHASHURIA
SHIMABARISHATURIA
BORAIDAHODHONOKUNDI
GAROI
GHOGA, BETKUNKALIYA KOR
KODLA, VUIYAGATI,SHERPUR,
MECHOPUR,
ASIAN HIGHWAY
GUR
VEGETABLE
SPICES
PADDY
FISH
Road
Wholesale Mkt SCHOOL FIELD
Wholesale Mkt
7.3 Product/Service classification:
PRODUCT:
Anything that can be offered to a market for attention,
acquisation, use or comsumption that might satisfy a want or need its
known as product.. It includes physical objects, services, persons,
places, organizations and ideas. (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong)
SERVICE:
Any acitivity or benefit that one party can offer to another that
is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of
anything is known as service. (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong)
Products are divided into two parts. 1. Consumer products; 2.
Industrial products.
Consumer products: Products bought by final consumer for
personal consumption.
Industrial products: Products bought by individuals and
organizations for future processing or for use in conducting a
business.
103
BARBAR SHOP WOODEN FURNITURE & ACCESSARIES
CATTLE
VEGETABLE SPICES
PRODUCT
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
CONVENINENCE
SHOPPING
SPECIALTYUNSOUGHT
7.3.1 Products and Service (available) List:
7.3.2 Inward and Outward products of the village:
104
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
CATEGORY GOODS
CONSUMER # CONVENIENCE RICE, SALT, VEGETABLES, DAL, OIL, SPICES, BIRI, CIGARETTE, SOAP, RED CHILI. # SHOPPING CLOTHING, SHARI, LUNGI, GAMCHA, SHOE, SOFT DRINKS, PASTE, POWDER, BRUSH.
# SPECIALTY HERBAL MEDICINE, C.D PLAYER, FURNITURE, COW, GOAT.
# UNSOUGHT CLOTHES FOR KAFON
INDUSTRIAL FERTILIZER, PADDY, PLOUGH, SEEDS PESTICIDESSERVICES BARBER SHOP, VEHICLE RENT SERVICE
Inward products
PaddyVegetableMaizeFishBettle LeafShawlGingerWoodFertilizerClothesPasteSoapMedicineCigarettePesticidesCosmetics
CHANDAI
KONA
Outward products
RicePaddyVegetableMaizeGurCurdFishGreen ChiliPloughWooden Furniture
7.3.3 Value Chain Analysis:
Value chain of Cauli Flower
105
Raw Material: Seeds, Fertilizer, PesticidesSources of Fund:Self; Krishi Bank
Cost of Labor:Season:Male 80-100 TKFemale 60-75 TK
Work In process:Preparation of Seed BedIrrigationHarvest
Spending Pattern:Clothing, Food, EducationSavings:Purchase land,
Loan Payment
For Cauli Flower, necessary raw materials are seeds, fertilizer and
pesticides. The farmers collect the money by their own. If the money
does not fulfil the requirement then they have to borrow money from
Krishi Bank. In season the cost of labor is higher than off season. In
season male get 80-100 TK per day where as female get 60-75 TK per
day. In off season male get 50-70 TK per day where as female get 30-
40 Tk per day. Before producing the Cauli Flower they have to
prepare the seed beds first, then they go for irrigation and harvest the
Cauli Flower. After producing the Cauli flower they send it to haat for
sale. Through Mohajon it sends to wholeseller in dhaka. Then
wholeseller sends it in different outlets by which consumer gets the
Cauli Flower. From the farmers point of view they earn 120 TK/40 KG.
After earning they spend most of money for clothing, food and
education. If they have enough money in hand then they purchase
land and pay the loan. It’s a total value chain of Cauli Flower.
7.4 Price:
106
Output:CAULI FLOWER
Distribution channel:ProducerMohajonW.sellerRetailerConsumer
Earning from Traders:NI= Selling-Cost = (520-400) Tk/40 Kg = 120 Tk/40Kg
price is the one element of the marketing mix that produces revenue;
the other elements produce cost. Prices are the easiest marketing
mix element to adjust product features, channels and even promotion
take more time. Price also communicates to the market the company’s
intended value positioning of its product or brand. (Philip Kotler, Gary
Armstrong)
7.4.1 Pricing Set:
After producing the products, producers set the price according to
market. They is a Bonik Shomiti who basically sets the price according
to dhaka wholesalers. They add some profit and tax with the cost of
the products. By which they sell their products.
7.4.2 List of pricing of different product and service:
Product Total Cost Selling Price Profit
107
Estimation of Costs
Analyzing Competitor cost, prices and other offers like
Deciding the price by Bonik Shomiti
Selecting the final price
Name (TK) (TK) (Approx)
(TK)
IRRI (per Kg) 11-13 16 3-5
Gur (700 gm) 15 18 3
Herbal
Medicine
9 12 3
Rice (per Kg) 12 15 3
Seeds (per
Kg)
6 9-10 3-4
CauliFlower
(per Kg)
10 13-14 3-4
Plough
(Large)
185 200 15
Window (per
piece)
180 190-200 10-20
Door (per
piece)
1050 1200 150
Table (per
piece)
105 115-120 10-15
Cattle 4300-4500 5500 1000-1200
7.5 Selection of place:
Asian highway is near to Haat.
Number of surrounding villages beside Chandaikona Haat.
Financial Condition & Buying Capacity of the surrounding
villages.
108
7.5.1 Distribution Channel:
Channel-1 (Rice):
Here producer produce rice and send it to the mohajon of
Chandaikona haat. Then Mohajon sell it to wholesaler of
dhaka(Kawran Bazar & Jatra Bari). Wholesaler carried it away by
their hired or own transportation. Wholesaler send it to different
bazaars of dhaka which finally reach to ultimate consumer.
Channel-2 (Vegetable):
Here producer produce vegetable and send it to Chandaikona haat
where mohajon collect it from producers. Then they send it to
wholesaler of dhaka (Kawran Bazaar). From there vegetable are send
to different outlets of different bazaar where consumer gets the
vegetable.
Channel-3 (Consumer Goods):
109
Producer
Mohajon Wholesaler (Dhaka)
Retailer
Consumer
Producer RetailerWholesaler (Dhaka)
Mohajon
Consumer
Manufacturer Agents Retailer
Consumer
Here manufacturer produce the product and they distribute it through
their agents. Agents send it to different retailer in different outlets
where consumer gets their required product.
7.6 Promotional activities:
In Chandaikona haat, most of them use miking to aware about their
products. Some of them give coupon by which people can know about
the different brands of the product. Chain agents give gifts to the
retailer to sell their products.
7.7 Finding of Chandaikona Haat:
Major Finding:
Nakshi Katha: Basically female of Dhonokundi produce Nakshi
Katha. Major customer of this Nakshi Katha are some reknown
retailer such as Arong, Key Kraft etc. The wholesale price is around
1400-1600 Tk(8’*3’’)
Important Findings:
Fishing Project: There are some fishing projects in
Dhonokundi village where produced fish are send directly to
Chandaikona haat.
Vegetables: Different kind of vegetables are send to the
different part of the country. Some important vegetables are Cauli
Flower, Brinjle, Green chili etc.
Post Office: In Chandaikona haat there is a post office which
helps the middlemen to communicate with the wholesalers of Dhaka.
110
Poor Quality Medicine: There are some harbal medicine found
in Chandaikona haat which is poor in quality. It is not only harmful
but also causes serious damage human body.
Inflow is more than Outflow: In Chandaikona haat rate of
inflow is greater than rate of outflow. Huge amount of products are
enter in Chandaikona haat where as small amount of products go out
from haat.
7.8 Problems of Chandaikona Haat:
There are some problems in Chandaikona haat which are given
below
Space problem:
The total area of Chandaikona haat is not enough for both sellers
and buyers. In Haat time the place is overcrowed and it makes a huge
chaos at that particular time.
Monopoly of middlemen:
In haat there are large number of producers available to sell their
product. Middlemen basically collect the products and sell it to Dhaka
111
wholesaler. They purchase the product at a minimal amount and sell
it in huge amount. So, Producer could not get the money whatever
they deserve For this reason producers become demotivated to
produce products.
Security problem:
Security is the another concerning factor for the producer. Every
now and then they have to pay some sort of tax to different parties.
Otherwise they do not even run the business.
7.9 Recommendation:
The Bonik Shomity should take whole place including school
field. It can easily decrease the load and increase the number of
buyers and sellers.
Bonik Shomity should take some sort of action by which
producers can directly sell their preoducts. Its not only minimize
their cost but also increase their profit margin.
Bonik Shomity should keep some securities in haat area to
control all kinds ofproblems done by differnet parties. They
might hire some policemen for their protection.
7.10 Observation of Case Study:
There are case study of five farmers and five traders. This are given
below—
112
Farmers:
F-01
Name: Golzar Hossain
Age: 40 years; Village: South Kodla
Profession: Farmer.
1. What kind of product you cultivate?
Ans: Rice (IRRI)
2. How many years are you in farming?
Ans: Almost 12 years.
3. After cultivating IRRI do you do any other kind of job in off season?
Ans: No
4. Do you have your own land?
Ans: Yes (5 Bighas)
5. Do you invest by our own?
Ans: No.
6. If you collect loan then From where you collect your money?
Ans: Local Mohajon and Krishi Bank
7.Do you get the proper money what you deserve?
Ans: No. Because I sell my crop through middlemen who earns
lots of money but they give us very little amount from it.
8. What sort of problem you face while selling your crop?
Ans: Not much. Basically I found one major problem and that is
middlemens’ power. They buy the crops at a lower price and
they sell it in Dhaka at higher rate. For this reason we couldn’t
get appropriate amount of money.
9. What kind of fertilizer do you use?
Ans: I use cowdung, Uria, Pothashiam etc. as fertilizer.
10. Do you use pesticides?
Ans: Yes.
113
11. Do you get enough amount of labor in season?
Ans: Yes.
12. Do you think Labor rate is higher or lower?
Ans: higher.
F-02
Name: Iqbal Hossain
Age: 25 years; Village: Shathiya digor
Profession: Famer
1. What kind of product you cultivate?
Ans: Seeds like Masturd, Rice, Soya Bean etc.
2. How many years are you in farming?
Ans: 6 years.
3. After cultivating Seeds do you do any other kind of job in off
season?
Ans: No
4. Do you have your own land?
Ans: Yes (7 Bighas)
5. Do you invest by our own?
Ans: Yes. Through family resources.
6. If you collect loan then From where you collect your money?
Ans: Not Applicable.
7.Do you get the proper money what you deserve?
Ans: No. Mohajon get maximum profit. I have no other option
to sell my seeds. That’s why I have to sell my seeds to them
though I get less amount what I deserved.
8. What sort of problem you face while selling your seeds?
Ans: No problem.
9. What kind of fertilizer do you use?
Ans: Cowdung, Uria, Pothasiam, Zypsum etc.
114
10. Do you use pesticides?
Ans: Yes.
11. Do you get enough amount of labor in season?
Ans: Yes.
12. Do you think Labor rate is higher or lower?
Ans: Lower.
F-03
Name: Kala Chad Vush
Age: 48 years; Village: Shaturia
Profession: Farmer.
1. What kind of product you cultivate?
Ans: Rice (IRRI)
2. How many years are you in farming?
Ans: 18 years.
3. After cultivating IRRI do you do any other kind of job in off season?
Ans: Van driving.
4. Do you have your own land?
Ans: No. I take Borga from other people.
5. Do you invest by our own?
Ans: Yes. By myself.
6. If you collect loan then From where you collect your money?
Ans: Not Applicable.
7.Do you get the proper money what you deserve?
Ans: No.
8. What sort of problem you face while selling your crop?
Ans: Bargaining power of buyer.
9. What kind of fertilizer do you use?
Ans: Cowdung, Uria, Pothasiam etc.
10. Do you use pesticides?
115
Ans: Yes
11. Do you get enough amount of labor in season?
Ans: Yes.
12. Do you think Labor rate is higher or lower?
Ans: Higher.
F-04
Name: Zahirul
Age: 40 years; Village: ShimaBari
Profession: Farmer
1. What kind of product you cultivate?
Ans: Cauli Flower
2. How many years are you in farming?
Ans: 15 years.
3. After cultivation do you do any other kind of job in off season?
Ans: No.
4. Do you have your own land?
Ans: Yes. (5 Bighas)
5. Do you invest by our own?
Ans: No.
6. From which source you collect your money?
Ans: Brac Bank and Krishi Bank.
7.Do you get the proper money what you deserve?
Ans: Almost.
8. What sort of problem you face while selling your crop?
Ans: Transportation problem.
9. What kind of fertilizer do you use?
Ans: Cowdung, Uria etc.
10. Do you use pesticides?
Ans: Not required.
116
11. Do you get enough amount of labor in season?
Ans: Yes.
12. Do you think Labor rate is higher or lower?
Ans: Higher.
F-05
Name: MD. Zamal Uddin
Age: 52 years; Village: Kaliya Kor
Profession: Farmer.
1. What kind of product you cultivate?
Ans: Green Chili.
2. How many years are you in cultivation?
Ans: Almost 17 –18 years.
3. After cultivation do you do any other kind of job in off season?
Ans: No.
4. Do you have your own land?
Ans: Yes (8-9 Bighas)
5. Do you invest by our own?
Ans: Yes. By myself.
6. From which source you collect your money?
Ans: Not Applicable.
7.Do you get the proper money what you deserve?
Ans: No. Middlemen sucks most of the revenue which we
deserve
8. What sort of problem you face while selling your crop?
Ans: Bargaining power of buyer and transportation problem.
9. What kind of fertilizer do you use?
Ans: Cowdung, Uria, Pothasiam, Zypsum etc.
10. Do you use pesticides?
117
Ans: Yes.
11. Do you get enough amount of labor in season?
Ans: Yes. Most of the time.
12. Do you think Labor rate is higher or lower?
Ans: Higher then before.
Traders:
T-01
Name: MD. Sorhab Ali
Age: 45 years; Village: Boraidaho
Profession: Trader (Gur)
1. How do you collect the Gur?
Ans: I collect Gur from different people. At haat period there
are huge number of seller available in Chandaikona Haat. From
them I collect Gur.
2. What is the amount of Gur you sell in a day?
Ans: Near 3 to 4 Kg. But at haat period its almost 7-8 Kg.
3. What is the price of Gur?
Ans: 18-19 Tk per 700 gm
4. What sort of problem you faced while collecting the Gur?
118
Ans: Basically quality of product. Because Gur vary from
producer to producer. For that reason quality differ at a high
rate.
5. What do you think about the demand of
Gur?(increasing/decreasing)
Ans: Increasing.
T-02
Name: Sholeman Sheikh
Age: 55 years; Village: Roroa
Profession: Trader (Cloths)
1. How do you collect the cloths?
Ans: I collect the cloths from different places such as
shimabari, dhonokundi, Bogra town etc.
2. what is the amount of money you earn in a day?
Ans: near about 175-250 Tk.
3. What are the highest selling cloths in your shop?
Ans: Basically Lungi, Gamcha, Shari and Nokshi Katha etc.
4. What sort of problem do you face while collecting the cloths?
Ans: Transportation Problem.
5. What do you think which items selling demand is increasing?
Ans: Nokshi Katha.
T-03
119
Name:Bipul Kumar Das
Age: 43 years; village: Shimabari
Profession: Trader (Herbal Medicine)
1. How do you collect the medicine?
Ans: I collect the medicine from Bogra town.
2. What is the amount of money you earn in a day?
Ans: Near about 70-80 Tk.
3. What are the highest selling medicine in your shop?
Ans: Dater Majon, Molom, Cream etc.
4. What sort of problem do you face while collecting the medicine?
Ans: Quality of medicine is not same all the time.
5. What do you think that which item’s demand is increasing?
Ans: Dater Majon and Molom.
T-04
Name: MD. Ali
Age: 57 years; Village: Shimla
Profession: Trader (Wooden Furniture)
1. How do you collect the wooden furniture?
Ans: From Shimabari, Boraidaho, Dhonokundi, Sherpur,
Shimla, kaliya kor and Bogra town.
2. What is the amount of money you earn in a day?
Ans: Its around 350-500 taka (at Bazaar time) and 1150-2000
taka (at Haat period).
3. What are the highest selling products in your store?
Ans: Plough, Khaat, Door and window.
4. What sort of problem do you face while collecting the instruments
and furniture?
120
Ans: Major problem is transportation.
5. What do you think that which item’s demand is high?
Ans: Plough.
T-05
Name: Robiul Awal
Age: 42 years; Village: Dhonokundi
Profession: Trader (Grosery)
1. How do you collect your grosery products?
Ans: Basically I collect the food items from Bogra town. And
other provided by different distributor.
2. What is the amount of money you earn in a day?
Ans: Almost 1800-2200 Tk.
3. What are the highest selling products in your store?
Ans: Basically all sorts of mini item such as mini shampoo, mini
toothpaste, mini detergent etc.In cold drinks Virgin and Pran
are the highest selling cold drinks.
4. What sort of problem do you face while collecting the products?
Ans: No Problem.
5. What do you think that which item’s demand is high?
Ans: Many things such as Virgin, Pran, Tibbat, Keya soap,
Molla salt, Eliphant King Coil etc.
7.11 Concluding Part:
121
Dhonokundi village is one of the developing village in Bogra. The
Market structure of ChadaiKona Haat is also developing. If the
government and private sectors entrepreneur can take proper steps
then the market can become vital role in the economy. Government
should take initiative to help farmer as well as traders. After analysis
the situation of Chandaikona haat basically traders playing leading
role in market. They are rolling over farmer and skimming out the
maximum profit with the invest of minimum amount. For that reason
farmer does not get appropriate money and remain poor.
122