7Drug Investigation

High School Health Lesson

By: Jen Beckett

Specifically 9th Grade

Cocaine

Scientific Name:

benzoylmethylecgonine

Scientific Chemical Configuration:

C17H21NO4

Street Names:

Coke, Snow, Crack, Rock, Blow, Flake, “C”

Molecule of Cocaine

2 Forms of Cocaine

Water-soluble hydrochloride salt

the hydro chloride salt, or powdered form of cocaine, can be injected or snorted.

Water-insoluble cocaine base (or freebase)

Base form of cocaine processed with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and water

Heated to remove the hydrochloride to produce a smoke able substance

2 Forms of Cocaine Continued:

Water-soluble hydrochloride salt

Water Insoluble Base

2 Forms of Cocaine Continued:

Water-insoluble cocaine base

Known as Crack

Name came from the crackling sound when heated

Crack = Cocaine without hydrochloride

Methods of Use

Snorting = process of inhaling cocaine powder through the nose.

Injecting = use of a needle to insert the drug directly into the bloodstream

Smoking = inhaling cocaine vapor or smoke into the lungs

Methods of Use Continued:

Fastest methods for absorption: Injection and Smoking

What is Cocaine?

Powerfully addictive stimulant drug of CNS

Prevents Dopamine from being recycled

Results in excessive amounts Dopamine

Appetite suppressant

Topical anesthetic.

How Cocaine Works

Schedule Rating of Drug

Schedule II drug

Defined as:

High potential for abuse

Currently accepted medical use

May lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.

Acute Effects of Drug Use

itching,

tachycardia,

excessive beats per minute while resting

hallucinations

paranoid delusions

Tachycardia is very dangerous and can lead to

heart attack and stroke!

Chronic Effects of Drug Use

Effects all parts of

the body!!!

Addiction Effects

Physiological damage

Lethargy

Psychosis = loss of touch with reality

Depression

Akathisia

Syndrome: unpleasant sensations of inner restlessness

Physiological Effects

History

Coca Plant found in Peru and Bolivia

1990s Columbia world known for coca plants

Popularized in 1980s and 1990s in US

Purified cocaine was the main active ingredient in most of the tonics and elixirs

Developed to treat a wide variety of illnesses.

Ancient History

Peruvian Mummies found with Coca leaves and pottery depicted using coca plants

Spanish arrived in South America they taxed 10% on coca plants because of the effects

In 1569, Nicolás Monardes described the practice to induce "great contentment"

How Long the Effects Last?

Snorting cocaine

lasts 15 to 30 minutes

Injection and smoking

lasts only 5 to 10 minutes

Have to consume more

Legal Use of Cocaine

Local anesthesia for some eye, ear, and throat surgeries.

Must be prescribed by a doctor.

Under the supervision of a doctor

Dependency vs. Physical Harm

Top 20 recreational drugs

Cocaine ranks second in dependence and physical harm

What is Speedball?

Term defined as combination of Cocaine with Heroin

Effects are increased

Chance of overdosing is great

Use of Cocaine by Students 2008 Monitoring the Future Survey

8th-Graders  

10th-Graders  

12th-Graders

Lifetime 2.6% 4.6% 6.0%

Past Year 1.6% 2.7% 3.4 %

Past Month 0.8 0.9 1.3

Crack Cocaine Use by Students 2009 Monitoring the Future Survey

8th-Graders   10th-Graders   12th-Graders

Lifetime 1.7% 2.1% 2.4%

Past Year 1.1% 1.2% 1.3 %

Past Month 0.5% 0.4% 0.6%

Treatment Options

Pharmacological Option =

Not an option, but trying to develop

Behavioral Options

Treatment: Behavioral Options

Cognitive-Behavioral Approach

Community Based Recovery Groups

An Individual Drug Counseling Approach

Residential Programs

Motivational incentives

Cognitive-Behavioral Approach

three key aspects in treatment

recognize, avoid, and cope

recognize the situations of use cocaine

avoid these situations

cope more effectively with a problems and understand the behaviors with drug abuse.

Community-Based Recovery Group

AA for Cocaine addicts

12 step program

Effective because of support from others going through the same issue.

An Individual Drug Counseling Approach

Person meets with counselor alone

Counselor/patient sets goals and mean of reaching the goals.

Counselor provides appropriate methods for dealing with issues that arise

Residential Programs

Either 6 months or a full year program

Focuses on a successful transition back into society

Local Facility is Seabrook House

Seabrook House

Located in Bridgeton, New Jersey

VISIT The Seabrook House’s Website

Seabrook House’s Model

Motivational Incentives

A person is rewarded for drug-free urine test

Helps patients become abstinent from Cocaine

Rewards promote healthy living

gift card for dinner at a restaurant or tickets for a movie.

References

http://www.nida.nih.gov/PDF/RRCocaine.pdf

http://www.justice.gov/dea/concern/cocaine.html

http://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/cocaine.html

http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugs_concern/cocaine/cocaine.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine

The End!! Have a great

day!!!!!!