7-5 Chemical Nature of Matter PART 1 · PDF file7-5 Chemical Nature of Matter PART 1 by Cyndee...
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7-5 Chemical Nature of Matter PART 1 by Cyndee Crawford October 2014 7-5 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the classifications and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes. (Physical Science)
Transcript of 7-5 Chemical Nature of Matter PART 1 · PDF file7-5 Chemical Nature of Matter PART 1 by Cyndee...
7-5 Chemical Nature of Matter PART 1
by Cyndee Crawford October 2014
7-5 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the
classifications and properties of matter and the changes that matter
undergoes.
(Physical Science)
Chemistry Table of Contents 43. MSB: Molly Cule / BP: Atoms
/Atomic Structure/What is an atom?
44.BP: Compounds & Mixtures / Elements & Compounds / Understanding Atoms, Elements, & Molecules
45. Notes: Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures
46.BP: Property Changes / Physical Properties
47. BP: Periodic Table
p 43 MSB: Meets Molly Cule (22:07 min)
Notes: ● Molecules are… ● Molecule facts:
7-5.1 Recognize that matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.
p 43 BP: Atoms
What is an atom? List at least 3 more facts.
Page _43__: Atoms ● Matter is composed of extremely small
particles that are too small to be seen with a classroom microscope.
● These particles are atoms.
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Page _43__: Atoms
Page _43__: Atoms
● Atoms are the smallest part of an element that has the chemical properties of the element.
● A single atom has mass and takes up space.
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p 43 Mr. Parr: Atomic Structure
List 4 things you learned about atomic structure/atoms from the song/video.
p 43 Mr. Parr: Parts of an Atom
List 4 things you learned about atomic structure/atoms from the song/video.
p 43 What is an Atom? (5:53 min)
What is an atom?
7-5.2 Classify matter as element, compound, or mixture on the basis of its composition.
p 44 BP: Compounds & Mixtures
What is a compound? What is a mixture? List examples.
Page _44__:
Elements & Compounds
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p 44 Understanding Atoms, Elements, & Molecules (9:40 min)
Explain how atoms, elements, and molecules are related.
Page _45__:
Elements & Compounds
Elements ● Elements are pure substances that
cannot be changed into simpler substances.
● Elements are composed of one kind of atom.
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Page _45__:
Elements & Compounds
Compounds ● Compounds are pure substances that are
composed of two or more types of elements that are chemically combined.
● Compounds can only be changed into simpler substances called elements by chemical changes.
● One way that two or more atoms can combine is to form a molecule.
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Page _45__: Mixtures
Mixtures ● Mixtures are composed of two or
more different substances that retain their own individual properties and are combined physically (mixed together).
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Page _45__: Mixtures
Mixtures ● Mixtures can be separated by physical
means: o filtration o sifting o evaporation
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Page _45__: Mixtures
Mixtures ● Mixtures may be heterogeneous or
homogeneous. o A heterogeneous mixture is NOT uniform
throughout. o In a heterogeneous mixture, the component
substances can be visibly distinguished.
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Page _45__: Mixtures
Mixtures ● homogeneous.
o A homogeneous mixture is uniform throughout. o In a homogeneous mixture, the substances are
evenly mixed and cannot be visibly distinguished. o The particles of the substances are so small that
they cannot easily be seen. o Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a
solution. LE
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Activity: Atoms, Compounds, & Mixtures
Activity: Mixtures Types &
Separation
7-5.3 Compare the physical properties of metals and nonmetals.
p 46 BP: Property Changes
Define the 2 different property changes and give an example of each.
Physical Chemical Change Activity
Page _46__: Physical Properties
Physical properties of metals include: ● Luster - Having a shiny surface or reflecting
light brightly ● Conductors - Heat and electricity move through
them easily ● Malleable - Ability to be hammered into
different shapes ● Ductile - Ability to be drawn into a wire ● High density - Heavy for their size L
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Page _46__: Physical Properties
Physical properties of NONmetals include: ● Dull - Not shiny ● Nonconductors - Heat and electricity
do not move through them easily ● Brittle - Break or shatter easily (solids)
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Interactive Periodic
Table that shows actual
pictures of elements
7-5.4 Use the periodic table to identify the basic organization of elements and groups of elements
(including metals, nonmetals, and families).
p 47 BP: Periodic Table
List at least 5 things about the Periodic Table of Elements.
Page ___: Periodic Table
Periodic Table of Elements: ● A horizontal row on the periodic table is
called a period.
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Page ___: Periodic Table
Periodic Table of Elements: ● Every periodic table will have a square
for each element with the atomic number, atomic mass, element name, and the element symbol.
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Introduction to the Periodic Table of Elements (14:13 min)
Using your Periodic Table, take notes on how to read or interpret the table.
Page ___: Periodic Table
Periodic Table of Elements: ● The elements on the periodic table are
arranged numerically by atomic numbers.
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Page ___: Periodic Table
Periodic Table of Elements: ● Families, also called groups, are
vertical columns of elements on the periodic table.
● They are numbered from 1-18. ● Elements in the same family have
similar properties.
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BP: Metals
What are metals? How do you identify metals?
Page ___: Periodic Table: Metals
Periodic Table of Elements: Metals ● On the periodic table, there is a zigzag
line on the right side of the table. ● These are the metals and nonmetals.
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Page ___: Periodic Table: Metals
Periodic Table of Elements: Metals ● A major classification of elements generally
located on the left side of the zigzag line on the periodic table is metals.
● Examples of metals are: o Sodium (Na) o Calcium (Ca) o Iron (Fe) o Aluminum (Al)
● The majority of elements are metals.
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Page ___: Periodic Table: NonMetals
Periodic Table of Elements: NonMetals ● A major classification of elements generally
located on the right side of the zigzag line on the periodic table is nonmetals.
● Examples of nonmetals are: o Chlorine (Cl) o Oxygen (O) o Sulfur (S) o Iodine (I)
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Chemistry Rap (3:27 min)
Periodic Table Interactive
7-5.5 Translate chemical symbols and the
chemical formulas of common substances to
show the component parts of the substances
(including NaCl [Salt], H20 [Water], C6H12O2
[Simple Sugar], O2 [Oxygen Gas], CO2
[Carbon Dioxide], and N2 [Nitrogen].
Page ___: Periodic Table:
Translate Chemical Symbols
● Chemical symbols show the atoms of the elements composing a substance.
● Symbols are written with one, two, or three letters.
● The first letter is always capitalized. ● Each element has a different symbol.
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Page ___: Periodic Table:
Translate Chemical Symbols
● You must know the following elements and their symbols: o Sodium - Na o Chlorine - Cl o Hydrogen - H o Oxygen - O o Carbon - C o Nitrogen - N
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Page ___: Periodic Table:
Translate Chemical Symbols
● Elements are made up of one kind of atom. ● The symbol for each element is unique. ● Compounds are composed of more than one
element. ● The formulas for compounds have more than one
type of symbol showing the different elements that compose the compound.
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Periodic Table Song (4:20 min)
Periodic Table Game
Page ___: Periodic Table:
Translate Chemical Symbols
● Chemical formulas are constructed from the symbols of the elements composing the substances. o In a chemical formula, the numbers as subscripts show how
many of each kind of atom are in the compound. o The subscript is written to the lower right of the element
symbol. o If no subscript is written, only one atom of that element is
part of the compound.
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Page ___: Periodic Table:
Translate Chemical Symbols
● Chemical formulas o For example, in H2O,
H2 means there are 2 Hydrogen atoms O means there is 1 Oxygen atom (It does
not have a subscript number) H2O is the chemical formula for water
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Page ___: Periodic Table:
Translate Chemical Symbols
● Chemical formulas o You are responsible for Knowing:
table salt NaCl
water H2O
simple sugar
oxygen gas O
carbon dioxide CO2
nitrogen gas N LE
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7-5.6 Distinguish between acids and bases and
use indicators (including litmus paper, pH
paper, and phenolphthalein) to determine their
relative pH.
BP: Acids Vs Bases
How are acids and bases alike? How are acids and bases different?
pH scale
What is the pH scale? Draw and label it.
Page ___: pH
● pH
o The pH scale is a way to measure how acidic or basic a solution is.
o The pH range of a solution is between 0 and 14.
o The pH of pure water is 7. o Any solution with a pH of 7 is a neutral
solution. It is not an acid or a base.
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Activity: pH Lab
Alien Juice Bar Virtual Lab
Page ___: Acid
● Acid
o The pH of an acidic solution is less than 7. o The lower the pH number, the more acidic the
solution. o Acids can be identified by their sour taste. o For example: lemons and oranges contain
acids.
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Page ___: Acid
● Acid
o Acids can also be identified by their reaction with some metals such as zinc.
o Acids can also be identified by their reaction with some bases to form a neutral pH solution.
o Vinegar (acid) reacts with limestone (base) to form a neutral pH solution.
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Mr. Parr: Acids, Bases, Salts (3:29 min)
Page ___: Base
● Base
o The pH of a basic solution is greater than 7. o The higher the pH number, the more basic the
solution. o Bases can be identified by their bitter taste. o For instance, unsweetened cocoa has a bitter
taste.
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Page ___: Base
● Base
o Bases can be identified by their slippery feel. o For instance, dish detergent is a base with a
slippery feel. o Bases can be identified by their reaction with
acids to form a neutral pH solution. o For example, an antacid soothes an acid
stomach ny neutralizing the pH.
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Page ___: Neutral Solution
● Neutral Solution
o A neutral solution is neither an acid or a base. o For example, pure water is a neutral solution and
has a pH of 7. ● NOTE: YOU CANNOT taste lab chemicals to
see if they are bitter or feel them to see if they are slippery. You can be burned.
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Page ___: Litmus Paper
● Litmus Paper
o Litmus Paper has a special dye on it that changes colors in the presence of an acid or a base.
o Blue litmus paper turns red in an acid and stays blue in a base.
o Red litmus paper turns blue in a base and stays red in an acid.
o Both red and blue litmus paper turn violet in a solution that is neutral.
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Page ___: Phenolphtholein
● Phenolphthalein
o Phenolphthalein is used to test for the presence of a basae.
o It is a colorless chemical that turns magenta (bright pink) in a base and stays colorless in a neutral or acidic solution.
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Page ___: pH paper
● pH paper
o pH paper has a range of colors depending on the pH of the solution.
o The color of the paper is compared to the chart on the vial to determine the pH.
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Bill Nye the Science Guy: Atoms (if needed) [33:10 min]
Bill Nye the Science Guy: Chemical Reactions (if needed) [23:01 min]
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