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Transcript of 7 18 Philosophic Issuesback Up
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Issues and Alternatives in
Educational PhilosophyPhilosophic Issues in
EducationChapter 2
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Metaphysics
What is ultimately real?
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Metaphysics Cont.What is real depends on the viewersperspective. What is real to one, might
be viewed differently to others.
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Metaphysics Cont. Ex: A table might be describe as being
made of wood, is the color brown, and
has 4 legs. To a physicist, its reality is its made of
atoms and molecules.
Who would be correct???????
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Metaphysics Cont.
Metaphysical questioning subsets:
*cosmology: study of theories about nature and thedevelopment of the universe
*theology:religious theory dealing with conceptions about God
*anthropology:the study of human beings
*ontology:the study of nature of existence
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Metaphysics and
Education
One might wonder what does studyingmetaphysics have to do with education?
Metaphysical decision making occurs dailyand depending on a persons sense ofthe ultimate reality their decisions are
metaphysically based dealing withnature and functions of humanity.
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Metaphysics and
EducationIts central to any concept of education
because it is important that theeducational programs of the school bebased upon fact and reality rather than
fancy, illusion, or imagination.
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Metaphysics and
EducationDue to varying beliefs, this leads to differing
educational methods causing someseparation of systems in education.
Private vs. public education
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Metaphysics and
Education (pg. 19) The anthropological aspect of
metaphysics is especially important for
educatorsthey are dealing withmalleable human beings at one of themost impressionable stages of their
lives. Views on the nature and potentialof students lie at the very foundation ofthe educational process.
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Metaphysics and
Education
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Epistemology
Branch of philosophy
Studies nature, sources, and validity of
knowledge
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EpistemologyDimensions of Knowledge
Can reality be known?Gorgias, Greek Sophist, expressed that nothing exists, skepticism. This is related to
agnosticism meaning a profession of ignorance.
Is truth relative or absolute?Absolute truth-eternal and universal, irrespective of time or place
Relative truth- whats true today might not be true tomorrow
Is knowledge subjective or objective?
Is there truth independent of humanexperience?
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Epistemology
Sources of Knowledge
The senses
RevelationAuthority
Reason
IntuitionThere is no one source of knowledge that
supplies people with all knowledge.
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Epistemology Three tests of truth:
correspondence theory
-agreement with fact base evidencecoherence theory
-if one says its true and others agree, its true
pragmatic theory-reject the correspondence theory and coherence theory,people know only what they experience
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Epistemology and
Education Stands at the base of human thought andactivity
Assumptions about importance of varioussources of knowledge is reflected in curricularemphases science vs. religion
Educators must understand their
epistemological presupposition before theywill be able to operate effectively. (pg. 27)
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The Metaphysical-
Epistemological DilemmaA web of circularity- you can not have
one without the other
Everyone lives by a faith belief basedon their truths, which everyone doesnot and will not agree upon.
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Axiology
Axiology answers the question,
What is value?
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Axiology Cont.What has value depends on peoples
preferences. Our system of value is not
agreed upon by everyone. Yet,students assimilate their teachers valuestructure.
Pause to answer this question, What do
you really valuewhat you say or whatyou do?
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Axiology Cont.
Axiology has 2 main branches
1) Ethicsthe study of moral valuesand conduct.
2) Aestheticsdeals with thetheoretical aspects of art.
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Axiology Branch 1
Ethics*Ethical theory is concerned with providing
right values as the foundation for rightactions.
*It is impossible to escape the teaching ofethical concepts in school.
*Science and technology are neutral but howand when we choose to use them involveethical consideration.
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Axiology Branch 2
Aesthetics
*Aesthetics relates closely with imagination and
creativity.*It is part of your daily experiences.
*Aesthetics helps us move beyond limitsimposed by rational thought.
*Aesthetic belief is directly related to aspects oftheir philosophy.
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Aesthetic Questions
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Axiology and
EducationEducators must consider how
axiology concerns influence our
choices in education
in the twentieth century.
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Philosophic Issues
and Educational
Goals and PracticesWe must have a re-emphasis of
axiological concerns in educational
practices or education will be part adestructive force in society ratherthan a constructive resource.
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Figure 3:The figure below shows the relationship between philosophic beliefs and
educational practices. It is important for educators to choose, select, and develop
practices that are in harmony with their beliefs.
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Philosophic Issues
and Educational
Goals and PracticesThese factors impact educational practices.
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Perspective
Philosophy has been set forth as athreefold entity (an activity, an attitude,
and a body of content) that givesdirection to education, since educationalgoals have a relationship to the
metaphysical, epistemological, andaxiological content of ones philosophy.
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Points to Ponder1 Just what is it that makes metaphysics so important to
education?
2 Evaluate the various sources of knowing. As you examine
your thinking, do you find an epistemological hierarchy?What does the answer to that question tell you about yourpersonal philosophic position?
3 Which is more importantepistemology or metaphysics?
Why?
4 What is it about the field of axiology that makes it explosivein the schools? What are some of the present-day axiologicalissues that are at the forefront of educational discussions?
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Bibliography
Knight, George. (2008). Issues andAlternatives in Educational Philosophy,
fourth edition. Michigan. AndrewsUniversity Press.