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Best Practices When Communicating

with Air Traffic Control

Section 7

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Pilots should use the phonetic alphabet when identifying their

aircraft during initial contact with air traffic control facilities.

A…..Alfa B….. Bravo C….. Charlie

D…..Delta E….. Echo F….. Foxtrot

G…..Golf H….. Hotel I….. India

J….. Juliett K….. Kilo L….. Lima

M…..Mike N….. November O…..Oscar

P….. Papa Q….. Quebec R….. Romeo

S….. Sierra T….. Tango U….. Uniform

V….. Victor W…..Whiskey X….. Xray

Y….. Yankee Z….. Zulu

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Air Traffic Control Tower Light Gun Signals

Aircraft on Ground Vehicle and Personnel

Movement

Cleared for Takeoff

Cleared for Taxi

STOP

Taxi Clear of

Runway

Return to StartingPoint on Airport

Exercise Extreme

Caution

Cleared to Cross,

Proceed or Go

Not Applicable

STOP

Clear the Taxiway/Runway

Return to Starting Point

on the Airport

Exercise Extreme Caution

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Taxi Scenarios

Crossing Runways during Taxi

Taxi into Position and Hold (TIPH)

Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)

Using a Runway as a Taxiway

Intersection Takeoffs

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A clearance to “taxi to” the takeoff runway is NOT a clearance to

cross the ASSIGNED takeoff runway, or to taxi on the ASSIGNED

takeoff runway at any point, but it is a clearance to cross OTHER

runways that intersect the taxi route to the assigned takeoff runway.

Crossing Runways During Taxi

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•Use the Airport Diagram

•Know where you are

•Know where you’re going

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Aircraft is issued taxi

instructions that authorizethe crossing of all runways

that intersect the taxi route.

“Runway 14, taxi via Echo

and Juliet, hold short

Runway 14”.

Answer: NO. The taxiing aircraft is expected to hold short at the

intersection of Taxiway E and Runway 14. Further ATC clearance

is required to cross Runway 14 enroute to the approach end.

Can the taxiing aircraft proceed to

the approach end of Runway 14

without having to hold anywhere?


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A/C 1

A/C 2

Aircraft #1 is instructed to taxi into position

and hold Runway 35R and to “expect an

immediate departure” while aircraft #2 hasbeen issued landing clearance to same

runway. ATC has informed each pilot as to

the other’s location.

As the pilot of either aircraft, what

should you expect to hear?

Answer: Aircraft #1 will be told about traffic on

final and should expect takeoff clearance soon

after reaching position and hold. Aircraft #2

will be told about the traffic in position andshould expect clearance to land on short final.

If already cleared to land and A/C #1 has not

departed, A/C #2 should question the tower. If

no response, execute a go around and advise

ATC. Never land over another aircraft in

position on the runway.

Taxi into Position and Hold

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Aircraft #1 is told “Runway 30, cleared to land, hold short of Runway 36,

traffic, C172 departing Runway 36”. Aircraft #2 is holding in position

Runway 36 and receives the following clearance “Traffic, C172 landingRunway 30, will hold short of intersection, Runway 36, cleared for takeoff.”

A/C 1

A/C 2

What should each aircraft

and ATC listen for? Answer: ATC and A/C 2 should

hear A/C 1 acknowledge (read

back) the land and hold shortinstructions. A/C 1 should

understand that A/C 2 has been

given takeoff clearance and

will be crossing in front from

left to right. A/C 1 should not

proceed beyond the TIPH hold

marking until advised by ATC.

The critical communication

loop involves a complete

understanding between ATC,

A/C 1 and A/C 2.

Land and Hold Short Operations

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Using a Runway As a Taxiway

•Actively listen for traffic

•Expedite your taxi time on the runway

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Performing Intersection Takeoffs

Visually check for landing or departing aircraft before moving onto the runway.

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Listen before transmitting.

Think before transmitting.

Monitor ATIS before transmitting.

When Communicating with Air Traffic Control

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•Ensure you understand all ATC instructions

•Do not hesitate to ask for progressive taxi

instructions if unfamiliar with airport or confused

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Maintain a “sterile cockpit” during taxi,

takeoff and landing

Never stop on a runway after landing to

ask for directions. Clear the runway first,

then ask ground control for directions

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•An ambiguous clearance

•An unintelligible transmission

•A clearance that doesn’t “fit”

•Someone else acknowledging your clearance

Always Question

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Readback All Hold

Short Instructions

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•Cockpit workload increases

•Distractions tend to increase

•Fatigue level increases

•

Attention to communications decrease.

During Night Operations

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Scan Outside the Cockpit –

Especially When on Taxiways and Runways

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Certain environmental conditions, such as

snow, fog, or heavy rain may prevent visual

confirmation by ATC of an aircraft’s positionon the airport and adherence to taxi

instructions.

Inform ATC immediately if you become disoriented

End of Section 7

7-1232266454805835-3.ppt

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