6th Grade UBD - Unit 1 - The World In Spatial Terms.
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Transcript of 6th Grade UBD - Unit 1 - The World In Spatial Terms.
The World In Spatial Terms
6th Grade UBD - Unit 1 - The World In Spatial Terms
Preview
Defining Geography- Geography, the study
of physical features and living things on Earth’s
surface, is useful for a variety of purposes.
Locating Places and Navigating- There are
a variety of geographic concepts and tools that
help people locate places and navigate
between them.
Reach Into Your Background
Geographers study all these
changes to the planet, and
more. Why would people be
interested in studying the
physical changes to our
world? What questions do
you think a geographer
would ask about these
changes? (5 minutes)
Partner Activity
Work with a neighbor and compare your answer with theirs. What things are the same and what things are different? (3 minutes)
Key Ideas- Geography
Geography deals with the location and distribution of
physical features and living things on Earth’s surface
and how they relate to each other.
Geographers try to find patterns in Earth’s physical
features and the ways people interact with
the environment.
Geographers classify places with similar characteristics
as regions.
Key Term
Geography –
The study of
Earth’s surfaces
and the
processes that
shape it, the
connections
between people
and their
environment.
The Five Themes Of Geography
Location
Place
Human-Environment Interaction
Movement
Regions
LocationWhere are we?
Absolute Location
A latitude and
longitude (global
location) or a
street address
(local location).
Relative Location
Described by
landmarks, time,
direction or
distance. From
one place to
another.
PlaceWhat is it like there, what kind of place is
it?
Human Characteristics
What are the
main languages,
customs, and
beliefs.
How many
people live,
work, and visit a
place.
Physical Characteristics
Landforms
(mountains, rivers,
etc.), climate,
vegetation,
wildlife, soil, etc.
Human-Environment Interaction
How do humans and the environment affect each other? We depend on it.▪ People depend on the Tennessee River for
water and transportation. We modify it.▪ People modify our environment by heating
and cooling buildings for comfort. We adapt to it. ▪ We adapt to the environment by wearing
clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats), rain and shine.
Movement
How are people, goods, ideas moved from
place to place? Human Movement
▪ Trucks, Trains, Planes
Information Movement
▪ Phones, computer (email), mail
Idea Movement
▪ How do fads move from place to place? TV, Radio,
Magazines
Regions
How are Regions similar to and different
from other places? Formal Regions
▪ Regions defined by governmental or administrative
boundaries (States, Countries, Cities)
▪ Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky
Mountain region, Chinatown).
Functional Regions
▪ Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell
phone coverage area).
Remembering the Five Themes
If you can’t remember what they are just ask MR. HELP!M – MovementR – RegionsHE – Human Environment InteractionL – LocationP – Place
Independent Activity
Describe you
and your family
using the Five
Themes of
Geography.
Make sure you
use every
theme. (8
minutes)
Defining Geography
Geography is the study of
the location and distribution of
physical features and living
things on Earth’s surface and
how they relate to each other.
Geographers try to understand
not only where things are
located but also why they are
located there. To do this they use
the Five Themes of Geography.
Key Term
Location- The
position of
anything on
Earth's
surface.
Defining Geography
Geographers see the
world in spatial terms. In
other words, they organize
their work by focusing on
spatial areas, or places.
This sets them apart from
other scholars, such as
historians, who focus on
time periods.
Defining Geography
Geographers look for
both similarities and
differences among
various places on Earth.
This helps them group
places into regions—
nearby areas that share
common characteristics.
Key Term
Region- An
area
distinguished
by a unique
combination of
trends or
features.
Defining Geography
Geographers try to find
patterns in Earth’s
physical features and how
people relate to them.
For example, a
geographer might study
the rivers in a country and
find out that some rivers
flood more than others, or
that flooding happens at
predictable times.
Defining Geography
To acquire, process, and report
information, geographers use a
variety of tools,
including maps and measuring
instruments.
Also, geographers often
construct mental maps.
Mental maps help geographers
to organize and place value on
information.
Key Term
Mental Map-
A map in a
person’s mind
that contains
his or her
knowledge of
an area or
people.
Physical Geography
Physical geography is one of
the main branches of
geography. It involves the
study of Earth’s natural
features, including
water, landforms, vegetation,
and climate.
Physical geographers are
curious about how these
features are interrelated.
Physical Geography
Physical geographers also
analyze how physical features
interact with plant and animal
life to create ecosystems.
An ecosystem consists of all
the living and nonliving things
in an area and how they relate
to and depend on each other.
Key Term
Physical
Geography- A
kind of
geography, the
analysis of
Earth's natural
phenomena,
such as climate,
soil, plants,
animals,
landscape, and
the locations of
all of those
things.
Human Geography
Human geography involves
studying human activities as
they relate to Earth.
This branch of geography
analyzes how people interact
with the environment,
including how they adapt to
—and also change—the
surrounding land.
Human Geography
Human geography also
includes studying patterns of
human settlement, movement,
and cultural development.
In addition, it covers the ways
people organize their
governments and economies to
use and distribute resources.
Modifying and Adapting to the Environment
Human geographers often
examine how people modify
the environment.
They also study issues like
the growth of cities and the
effects on air and water
quality.
Geographers also analyze
how people adapt to
the environment to better
cope with it.
Key Term
Human
Geography-
A kind of
geography, the
analysis of
human
population, its
cultures, and
activities, it's
effect on the
physical world.
Human and Physical GeographyVideo- Human and Physical Geography
Patterns of Human Settlement
Human geographers
also look at where
people settle and what
causes them to move.
People are not
distributed evenly
across Earth’s surface.
Some areas are much
more heavily populated
than others.
Patterns of Human Settlement
Human migration, or
movement from one
place to another, is
another subject of
study for human
geographers.
They look at where
people are moving and
why.
Patterns of Human Settlement
Geographers also look at cultural
patterns. They want to know how
culture varies from place to place?
Do people of the same religion
and ethnic background cluster
together?
In what ways might a community
change as people of different
religions and ethnic backgrounds
move in?
The Relevance of Geography
People everywhere have to
meet their needs for food and
water, for shelter, and for an
organized society.
People have to decide how
best to use the
available natural
resources and how to manage
conflict over resource use.
The Relevance of Geography
Geographers study the ways people
create governments and economic
systems to meet their needs.
Geography will also play a role in
shaping the future. If we want Earth
to continue supporting future
generations, we must think
carefully about how to use
our natural resources and manage
issues such as climate change.
Environmental FactorsVideo- Environmental Factors
Key Ideas- Locating Places and Navigating
Absolute location is the exact place on Earth where something
exists.
Relative location is the general position of where something is
located in relation to other things.
Earth can be divided into four hemispheres: the Eastern,
Western, Northern, and Southern hemispheres.
There are four cardinal directions: north, south, east, and west.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses signals from
satellites to calculate the location of a person or vehicle.
Location, Location, Location
Absolute location is the
exact spot on Earth
where something
exists. Absolute
location is usually
expressed according to
a system of imaginary
numbered lines that
crisscross the globe.
Location, Location, Location
Relative location is the
general position of
where something is in
relation to other things.
For example, the United
States can be described
as being south of
Canada and north of
Mexico.
Location, Location, Location
Relative location may not be
as specific as absolute
location, but it can still be
valuable information.
To pinpoint absolute location,
geographers use a grid
system of various imaginary
lines that divide the globe
into different sections.
Location, Location, Location
A continent is a huge
landmass.
There are seven
continents in the world:
Asia, Africa, North
America, South
America, Europe,
Australia, and Antarctica.
Basic Map Components
Most maps have basic
map components that
help you interpret the
contents of the map:
a legend or key, a
scale, and a
directional indicator.
Basic Map Components
This was not always the
case. Hundreds of years
ago, people knew very
little about the land and
water beyond their own
homes. Their maps
showed only the areas
they traveled.
Basic Map Components
As people explored the
Earth, they collected
information about the
shapes and sizes of islands,
continents, and bodies of
water.
Mapmakers wanted to
present this information
accurately. The best way
was to put it on a globe, a
round ball like the Earth
itself. The only difference
would be the scale.
Basic Map Components
But there is a problem
with globes. Try putting
a globe in your pocket
every morning. A globe
just cannot be complete
enough to be useful and
at the same time be
small enough to be
convenient. People
therefore, invented flat
maps.
Key Term
Compass
Rose– A map
feature that
usually shows
the four
cardinal
directions.
Key Term
Globe– A
round model
of Earth that
shows the
continents and
oceans in their
true shapes.
Key Term
Legend–
The legend,
or key, tells
the user
about the
symbols
used on the
map.
Key Term
Longitude–
The series of
imaginary
lines that run
north and
south from
one pole to
the other.
Key Term
Latitude– The
series of
imaginary lines
that circle Earth
parallel to the
Equator; used to
measure
distance north or
south of the
Equator.
Latitude and LongitudeVideo- Latitude and Longitude
Key Term
Scale– A scale
tells the user the
size of a map in
relation to the
size of the real
world by giving
the ratio
between
distances on the
map and actual
distances on the
Earth.
Reading Handout- Maps and MathReading Handout- Maps and Math
Geographic Technology
If you compare
modern maps with those
drawn hundreds of years ago,
you will see far more detail
and accuracy nowadays.
This is because geographers
have made huge
improvements in the tools
they use to gather and
analyze information.
Geographic Technology
Many people now use electronic
devices that use the Global
Positioning System (GPS) to
navigate over land or water.
A GPS receiver takes in radio
signals from space satellites
and uses these signals to
calculate the location of the
GPS user.
Geographic Technology
GPS receivers can
identify where someone
is according to latitude,
longitude, and altitude
(the height above sea
level).
These devices can even
tell the time of day and
give directions aloud.
Key Term
Altitude–
The height
above sea
level.
Geographic Technology
New communications
technology has also
changed the way
people get from place
to place by making
maps more accessible
than ever before.
GPS-Global Positioning SystemVideo- GPS-Global Positioning System
Independent Activity
What has been the
“muddiest” point so
far in this lesson? That
is, what topic remains
the least clear to you?
(4 minutes)
Partner Activity
Work with a neighbor and compare your muddiest point with theirs. Compare what things are the same and what things are different? (3 minutes)