6994 comparative b321

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1 Unit B321: Foundation Portfolio – Comparative Analysis Topic two – Film Genre’s – “RomanticComedy” Genre Compare the representation of gender in the romantic comedy genre with reference to ‘Knocked Up’ and ‘Forgetting Sarah Marshall’. The generic and typical romantic comedies ‘Knocked Up’ (2007 – Judd Apatow) and ‘Forgetting Sarah Marshall’ (2008 – Nicholas Stoller) obey the rules of romcom conventions and display two instances where the female in the relationship is ‘’superior in terms of looks, prospects and everything else’’(Gauntlett 2008) to the man. ‘Knocked Up’ presents a ‘’hedonistic, carefree’’ (Mortimer 2010) male, Ben (Seth Rogan) in juxtaposition to a hardworking woman, Alison (Katherine Heigl), who has ‘’the challenge of dealing with men like this’’(Gauntlett 2008) after getting pregnant with his child. Similarly, ‘Forgetting Sarah Marshall’ compares to the audience a lazy ‘’new man’’ (Corrigan 2012) in the form of Peter (Jason Segal) with Sarah (Kristen Bell), who is of a higher standing in society and breaks up with him, thus leaving him comically emasculated. This Comparative analysis will focus on how these two contemporary romcom texts represent both the male and female gender to the audience, and the similarities and differences between the ways the texts do this. In comparing similarities within these texts, both males are presented as being examples of the ‘’new man’’ that exists in society. First of all, there is a clear connotation of Ben’s ‘’hedonistic, carefree’’ lifestyle when the audience sees the non verbal code of Ben lying in bed, uncaring of the fact that his bottom is exposed, and too lazy to get out of bed as Alison attempts to wake him. This is similar to the introduction scene of ‘Forgetting Sarah Marshall’ where Peter eats an unnecessarily large portion of cereal (see image left), which connotes his laziness that he can’t even make several journeys for more cereal. Center Name: St. Paul’s Catholic College Center Number: 64770 Candidate Name: Kieran Smith Candidate Number: 6994

Transcript of 6994 comparative b321

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Unit  B321:    Foundation  Portfolio  –  Comparative  Analysis  

Topic  two  –  Film  Genre’s  –  “Romantic-­‐Comedy”  Genre    

         

Compare  the  representation  of  gender  in  the  romantic  comedy  genre  with  reference  to  ‘Knocked  Up’  and  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’.    The  generic  and  typical  romantic  comedies  ‘Knocked  Up’  (2007  –  Judd  Apatow)  and  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’  (2008  –  Nicholas  Stoller)  obey  the  rules  of  rom-­‐com  conventions  and  display  two  instances  where  the  female  in  the  relationship  is  ‘’superior  in  terms  of  looks,  prospects  and  everything  else’’(Gauntlett  -­‐  2008)  to  the  man.  ‘Knocked  Up’  presents  a  ‘’hedonistic,  carefree’’  (Mortimer  -­‐  2010)  male,  Ben  (Seth  Rogan)  in  juxtaposition  to  a  hardworking  woman,  Alison  (Katherine  Heigl),  who  has  ‘’the  challenge  of  dealing  with  men  like  this’’(Gauntlett  -­‐  2008)  after  getting  pregnant  with  his  child.      Similarly,  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’  compares  to  the  audience  a  lazy  ‘’new  man’’  (Corrigan  -­‐  2012)  in  the  form  of  Peter  (Jason  Segal)  with  Sarah  (Kristen  Bell),  who  is  of  a  higher  standing  in  society  and  breaks  up  with  him,  thus  leaving  him  comically  emasculated.  This  Comparative  analysis  will  focus  on  how  these  two  contemporary  rom-­‐com  texts  represent  both  the  male  and  female  gender  to  the  audience,  and  the  similarities  and  differences  between  the  ways  the  texts  do  this.    

In  comparing  similarities  within  these  texts,  both  males  are  presented  as  being  examples  of  the  ‘’new  man’’  that  exists  in  society.  First  of  all,  there  is  a  clear  connotation  of  Ben’s  ‘’hedonistic,  carefree’’  lifestyle  when  the  audience  sees  the  non-­‐  verbal  code  of  Ben  lying  in  bed,  uncaring  of  the  fact  that  his  bottom  is  exposed,  and  too  lazy  to  get  out  of  bed  as  Alison  attempts  to  wake  him.  This  is  similar  to  the  introduction  scene  of  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’  where  Peter  eats  an  un-­‐necessarily  large  portion  of  cereal  (see  image  left),  which  connotes  his  laziness  that  he  can’t  

even  make  several  journeys  for  more  cereal.    

Center  Name:     St.  Paul’s  Catholic  College  Center  Number:     64770    Candidate  Name:     Kieran  Smith  Candidate  Number:     6994  

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The  next  sign  of  Ben’s  lazy  lifestyle  is  when  he  is  in  the  restaurant  and  he  explains  how  he  doesn’t  pay  taxes  and  just  scrimps  off  money  from  the  Canadian  government,  signifying  that  Alison  has  ‘’the  challenge  of  dealing  with  men  like  this’’,  especially  as  she  then  explains  that  she  is  in  fact  pregnant.    Later  when  the  Doctor  reveals  pregnancy,  the  burden  of  the  unfamiliar  responsibility  renders  Ben  speechless.  ‘’Caregivers’  (Maslow)  could  feel  sympathy  for  these  characters  who  aren’t  in  very  good  situation  of  their  lives,  or,  as  the  movie  intended,  they  would  feel  repelled,  put  off  or  disgusted  by  the  way  these  males  live  their  lives  and  can  clearly  see  the  juxtaposition  between  them  and  the  females.  The  non-­‐verbal  code  of  Ben  attempting  to  reassure  Alison  with  a  patronizing  pat  on  the  back  connotes  his  incapability  and  lack  of  dominance  within  the  relationship,  and  the  end  of  his  ‘’hedonistic,  carefree’’  lifestyle.  The  previous  scene  (see  image  below)  provides  an  enigma  clue  (Roland  Barthes)  to  how  the  non-­‐verbal  code  of  his  black  shirt  acts  as  a  deathly  ’signifier’  to  this.  

 Both  male  protagonists  (or  indeed  antagonists  dependent  on  the  make-­‐up  of  the  audience)  indicate  a  level  of  misogyny,  for  example  when  Peter  demands  to  know  why  Sarah  cheated  on  him,  and  when  Ben  when  accuses  Alison  of  sleeping  with  random  men  on  a  weekly  basis  through  the  antagonistic  question  “and  I’m  the  Father?”  in  an  aggressive  tone  of  voice.  Both  of  these  connote  that  the  men  and  women  are  engaged  in  a  debate,  a  ‘’battle  of  the  sexes’’  (Mortimer  -­‐  2010)  and  present  to  the  audience  a  part  of  the  ‘disequilibrium’  (Todorov)  for  the  

relationships  of  the  characters  within  each  of  the  texts,  as  the  technical  code  of  the  low  angle  shot  from  Sarah  to  Peter  at  the  confrontation  connotes  he  feels  dominant,  and  feels  misogyny  towards  

Sarah  (see  image  left).    The  non-­‐verbal  code  of  Ben’s  angry  facial  expression  during  his  argument  with  Alison  connotes  his  clear  disliking  and  misogyny  towards  her,  especially  when  she  reveals  her  pregnancy  and  he  replies  “with  emotion?”  presenting  him  as  dim-­‐witted  compared  to  

Alison,  which  could  be  subtle  reference  to  the  role  men  now  play  in  relationships  from  a  female  perspective.  Ben’s  puzzled  expression  in  response  to  the  pregnancy  news  can  easily  be  compared  to  Peter’s  confused  yet  defeated  face  as  he  looses  the  argument  against  Sarah,  presenting  the  males  as  dimwitted,  again  presenting  females  as  the  superior  sex,  continuing  to  conform  to  David  Gauntlett’s  theory  that  females  are  presented  as  “superior  in  terms  of  looks,  prospects  and  everything  else’’  and  obeying  the  general  rom-­‐com  rules  and  conventions,  making  for  generic  scenes  but  keeping  audiences  watching  by  using  “instances  of  repetition  and  difference”(Steve  Neale)  -­‐  the  similarity  being  the  characteristics  and  personalities  of  the  male  protagonists,  the  difference  being  the  character’s  circumstance  within  each.    

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Ben  and  Peter  are  both  presented  as  fairly  comical  characters,  with  the  “laughter  generated”(Mortimer  -­‐  2010)  often  coming  from  their  “new  man”(Corrigan  -­‐  2012)  personalities  and  the  “emotional  role  reversal”(Morency  -­‐  2010)  that  the  viewers  see  in  each  rom-­‐com  text.  Ben’s  lazy  

lifestyle  and  dim-­‐witted  projections  for  future  living  create  humorous  scenes  for  the  audience  at  his  “carefree,  hedonistic”  lifestyle.  Peter  is  also  a  humorous  character,  as  the  audience  can  see  in  the  post  break  up  the  non-­‐verbal  code  of  “suffering  and  tears”  (Jeffers  McDonald  -­‐  2007)  over  the  loss  of  Sarah,  crying  to  the  verbal  code  of  a  sentimental  and  melancholic  song  “Nothing  Compares  to  you”  –  Sinead  O’Connor  and  burning,  as  expressed  through  the  diegetic  and  emotional  verbal  code  “everything  that  reminds  me  of  her”  (see  image  right)  forging  an  anti-­‐stereotype  to  the  idea  of  the  sensitive  female,  causing  laughter  amongst  the  audience  towards  this  feeble  man,  

however  this  could  provoke  feelings  of  sympathy  from  the  audience  of  ‘’caregivers’’(Maslow),  in  particular  men  who  can  ‘personally  identify’  (Katz)  with  what  he  is  going  through.    The  female  gender  also  present  similar  stereotypical  traits  that  are  expected  to  be  visible  in  the  rom-­‐com  genre,  for  example,  both  female  protagonists  are  presented  in  comparison  to  the  male  protagonists  as  ‘’superior  in  terms  of  terms  of  looks,  prospects  and  everything  else’’.    The  differences  between  male  and  female  gender  roles  are  put  into  perspective  in  certain  scenes  within  both  texts,  like  the  restaurant  scene  from  ‘Knocked  Up’  where  the  verbal  diegetic  code  of  a  full  scale  argument  connotes  the  idea  of  romantic  comedies  including  an  element  of  ‘’battle  of  the  sexes’’,  which  creates  a  misogynistic  mood  for  both  of  the  male  characters  and  audience  within  the  romantic  comedy  texts.    The  females  in  these  rom-­‐coms  are,  rather  stereotypically,  represented  as  ‘’princesses’’(Propp),  although  they  are  different  as  one  chooses  to  leave  a  relationship  to  create  the  disequilibrium,  while  one  is  forced  into  one  by  the  disequilibrium  (Pregnancy).  Also,  Sarah  is  sometimes  portrayed  as  the  ‘villain’  (Propp),  but  Alison  is  still  the  ‘’princess’’.  The  audience  see  their  princess  nature  by  their  jobs,  on  TV,  where  they  are  both  objectified  for  the  male  audience  with  their  blond  looks,  especially  Sarah  Marshall  who  is  in  the  introduction  is  (diegetic  sound)  described  as  a  ‘’sexy  crime  fighter’’,  connoting  that  the  media  objectifies  her  as  simply  nothing  more  than  “sexy”.    This  objectification  is  an  attempt  to  appeal  to  the  male  audience  and  hopefully  create  a  satisfactory  ‘diversion’  (Katz)  for  them.  Both  have  the  ‘’challenge  of  dealing  with  men  like  this”(Gauntlett)  as  Alison’s  disgusted  facial  

expressions  and  ‘’suffering  and  tears’’(Jeffers-­‐McDonald  2007)  at  the  news  of  the  babies  impending  arrival  clearly  connote  she  does  not  want  to  have  to  deal  with  Ben,  as  does  the  distance  each  stand  apart  and  the  non-­‐verbal  code  of  Ben  (see  image  left)  who  is  left  

shocked  and  bewildered  by  what  has  just  occurred.    Similarly,  the  difficulty  and  challenge  Sarah  experiences  when  trying  to  break  up  with  Peter  connotes  the  challenge  she  faces  and  that  she  doesn’t  want  to  have  to  deal  with  him  anymore.  Alison  is  forced  into  the  relationship  with  Ben  as  she  has  no  choice  but  to  be  with  the  man  who  will  be  the  father  to  her  child,  yet  Sarah  decides  herself  that  she  wants  to  leave  Peter,  from  what  was  once  a  loving  relationship.  This  affects  the  empathizing  audience  especially  the  female  audience  (Hartley)  as  they  may  relate  to  having  to  deal  with  men  like  this,  so  can  also  help  forge  a  ‘personal  relationship’  (Katz)  with  the  females  of  the  text.  

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Although  Alison  argues,  she  is  never  presented  as  ‘villainous’,  however  Sarah  is,  as  she  caused  the  text’s  ‘disequilibrium’  and  denotes  some  disregard  for  Peter’s  feelings,  a  clear  difference  between  the  two  different  female  protagonists.  The  ‘’suffering  and  tears’’(Jeffers  McDonald)  Alison  experiences,  unlike  Sarah,  will  cause  the  ‘caregivers’  to  feel  sympathy  for  her  and  the  relationship  she  will  now  embark  on  with  this  ‘far  form  typical  rom-­‐com  hero’  (Mortimer  –  2010).  However,  the  ’’suffering’’  Sarah  causes  Peter  may  cause  the  female  audience  to  dislike  her,  and  Sarah  Marshall’s  looks  are  to  be  objectified  to  the  male  audience  and  will  therefore  appeal  to  them.  They  audience  will  feel  most  empathy  during  the  scene  where  the  doctor  reveals  pregnancy,  and  also  may  desire  to  see  some  form  of  ‘re-­‐marriage’  (Cavell  –  1981)  and  resolution  to  the  tough  times  they  are  no  doubt  about  to  embark  on,  in  particular  Alison.    Similarly  to  Alison,  in  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’  the  viewers  see  how  Sarah  is  superior  to  Peter  when  she  explains  why  she  cheated  on  him.  The  audience  see  him  at  first  in  control  of  the  confrontation,  but  then  she  emasculates  him  with  her  opinion,  and  this  emasculation  is  connoted  by  the  non-­‐verbal  code  of  his  guilty  body  language,  and  the  technical  code  of  the  camera  angles  from  looking  up  at  Peter  from  Sarah’s  perspective  to  an  over  the  shoulder  shot  from  Sarah  (see  image  right),  which  clearly  present  to  the  audience  the  ‘’emotional  role  reversal’’  as  Sarah  assumes  the  position  of  the  dominant  character  in  the  confrontation,  thus  intentionally  establishing  how  the  female  gender  in  moments  of  antagonism  have  the  anti-­‐stereotypical  alpha-­‐female  qualities  to  come  out  on  top.  A  verbal  code  that  represents  her  misandry  towards  Peter  to  intensify  a  shift  in  feelings  the  audience  have  towards  her  –  from  resentment  to  pity  –  is  “it  got  really  hard  taking  care  of  you  when  you  stopped  taking  care  of  yourself”,  which  connotes  that  she  shows  pity  towards  him  yet  is  also  angry  for  the  way  he  was  a  ‘new  man’  (Corrigan)  during  their  relationship.    There  is  also  misandry  towards  Ben  in  the  form  of  Alison’s  view  of  him  that  is  made  evident  through  some  of  the  facial  expressions  (see  image  right)  and  things  she  says  in  their  first  encounters,  and  when  revealing  that  she  is  pregnant.  The  question  “Have  you  got  a  real  job?”  asked  in  response  to  Ben  telling  Alison  about  him  and  his  friend’s  bizarre  internet  website  is  an  example  of  the  misandry  Alison  shows  towards  Ben.  This  is  a  very  emasculating  sentence,  but  Alison  shows  that  she  clearly  doesn’t  care  about  Ben’s  reactions  or  feelings  towards  this,  presenting  her  as  showing  misandry  to  Ben.  Add  this  together  with  Ben’s  misogynistic  statements  and  there  is  a  generic  theme  of  ‘battle  of  the  sexes’.  (Claire  Mortimer-­‐  2010)    In  conclusion,  having  compared  these  two  media  texts,  some  main  similarities  and  differences  have  been  established  between  the  male  protagonists  of  each  text,  whilst  seeing  some  differences  and  similarities  between  the  representation  of  the  male  and  female  gender.    Each  film  includes  ‘’suffering  and  tears”,  yet  both,  true  to  their  name,  include  comedy  and  a  stereotypical  ‘’new  man’’  to  laugh  at  and  not  with,  thus  establishing  to  the  audience  two  successful  films  that  provide  ‘’mass  entertainment’’(Mortimer-­‐2010),  especially  as  they  are  unsure  whether  their  underdog  status  in  gender  hierarchy  will  ever  change  or  stay  the  same.