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How isa computer defined?
What IsaComputer?
Electronic device operating under the control ofinstructionsstored in its own memory
The computer
first, Accepts data such as raw facts, figures, andsymbolthen, Processes data into information (Data that is
organized, meaningful, and useful )
finally, Produces and stores results
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What isthe information processing cycle?I nput
Process
Output Storage
Communication
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Thismodel of the typical digital computer is oftencalled the von Neumann computer.
Programsand data are stored in the samememory: primary memory.
CPU
(Central Processing Unit)
InputUnits
OutputUnits
Primary Memory
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TheComponentsof aComputer
What isan input device? Hardware usedto enter data
and instructions
_____
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TheComponentsof aComputer
What isan output device? Hardware thatconveysinformationto a user
______
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TheComponentsof aComputer
What isthe system unit? Box-like casecontainingelectroniccomponents
used to processdata
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What isthemagical inside theblack box?
M emorycard
SoundCard
VideoCard
StorageUnits
Power
Supply
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TheComponentsof aComputer
What are two main components on themotherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processorCarries out instructions
that tell computer what to do
M emory
Temporary holding place for dataand instructions
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TheComponentsof aComputer
What isstorage?
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,and information are stored
Storage mediaStorage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
a storage medium
Storage deviceStorage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
a storage medium
Holdsdata, instructions, and informationfor future use
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StoragedeviceStoragedevice
What isa floppy disk?
Thin, circular,flexible diskenclosed in rigidplastic shell
A Zip disk lookssimilar but hasmuch greater
storage capability(=170 floppy disk)
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TheComponentsof aComputer
What isa hard disk? Providesmuch
greater storagecapacity than afloppy disk or
Zip
disk Housed inside the
system unit
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TheComponentsof aComputer
What isa compact disc? Flat, round, portable metal disc
CD-ROM
CD-RW
Capacity: 673~768 MB
DVD-ROM
DVD+RW
Capacity:4.7 ~ 17.1 GB
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TheComponentsof aComputer
What isminiature storage
media?
Digital
cameras
Digital
cameras
HandheldcomputersHandheldcomputers
Portable, thinmemory cardsused in:
Portable, thinmemory cardsused in:
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Why IsaComputer SoPowerful?
What makesa computer powerful?
Speed
Reliability
Accuracy
Storage
Communications
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One type isa modem
Networksand the Internet
What isa network?
Enables a
connection
between
computers
Enables a
connection
between
computers
Cables
Cellular
radio
Telephone
lines
Satellites
Communications
M edia
Communications
Media
CommunicationsDevice
CommunicationsDevice
Collection of computersand devicesconnected together
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To shareTo share
Networksand the Internet
Why do we need network?
ResourcesResources
Hardware
devices
Hardwaredevices
Software
programs
Software
programs
DataDataTo save
timeand
money
To savetime
and
moneyInformationInformation
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Networksand the Internet
What isa server? M anagesthe
resourcesona network
A client accessesthe resourceson the server
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Networksand the Internet
What isthe I nternet? Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millionsof computers
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Networksand the Internet
Why do usersaccessthe I nternet?
2. I nformation
3. Shopping
4. Bankingand I nvesting
5. Classes
6. Entertainment
1. Communications
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Networksand the Internet
What isthe World Wide Web (WWW)?
A Web site isa collection of
related Web pages
A Web site is
a collection ofrelated Web pages
A Web page containstext, graphics, sound,
video, and links to
other Web pages
A Web page containstext, graphics, sound,
video, and links to
other Web pages
You can share
information by
creating Web pagesor posting photos on
a photo community
You can share
information by
creating Web pages
or posting photos on
a photo community
Billionsof documents, called Web pages, available toanyoneconnected to the I nternet
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Computer Software
How do you install and run a software program?
Step 1.Insert the program disc
into the CD-ROM
drive
Step 2. Install thesoftware program by
instruction in the disc,
then run the program
Step 3.The program executes
A program isa seriesof instructionsthat tells thecomputer what to do
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Computer Software
What isa graphical user interface (GUI )?
Allowsyou to interact with the softwareusing graphicsand icons
Controlshow you enter data and how thescreen displaysinformation
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Computer Software
What issystem software?
Operating System (OS)is a set of programs
that coordinates all
activities among
computer hardware
devices and allows
users to run
application software
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programsthat coordinates all
activities among
computer hardware
devices and allows
users to run
application software
Utility Programsallow the user toperform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
Utility ProgramsUtility Programsallow the user toperform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
Programsthat control the operationsof the computerand itsdevices
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Computer Software
What isapplication software?
PresentationGraphics
Spreadsheet
Database
WordProcessing
Programsthat perform specific tasks for users
Suite
Popular software applications
bundled together as a single unit
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Computer Software
What isa programmer? Someone who develops
application or system software
Programmer writes instructions todirect computer to process datainto information
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Categoriesof Computers
What are the categoriesof computers?
Personal computers (desktop)
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Midrange serversMainframe computers
Supercomputers
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Personal Computers
What are the two most popular seriesof personalcomputers?
PC and compatiblesuse the Windowsoperating system
Apple M acintoshusesthe M acintoshoperating system
(Mac OS)
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Personal Computers
What isa desktop computer? Designed so all of the componentsfit on or under
a desk or table
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Personal Computers
What isa notebook computer?
Portable, small enough to fit on
your lap(2 lbsto 9 lbs)
Also called a laptop
Generally more expensive thana desktop computer
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Handheld Computers
What isa tablet PC?
Resemblesa letter-sized slate
Allowsyou to write on the screenusing a stylus
Smaller version is the modular
computer
What are Web-enabled handheld computers?
Allow you to check e-mail and accessthe I nternet
Web-enabled telephone is a smart phone
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Handheld Computers
What isa personal digital assistant (PDA)?
Providespersonal organizer functions
Calendar
Appointment book
Address book
Calculator
Notepad
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Servers
What typesof serversare there?
M idrange server Powerful, largecomputer that supports up to a fewthousand computers
M ainframe Very powerful,
expensive computer that supportsthousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, mostpowerful, most expensivecomputer. Used for applicationsrequiring complex mathematical
calculations
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What are information system elements ? People
Procedures
Data
Software
Hardware
Step 1.People develop
procedures for
processing data
Step 2.People use software to
enter data into computer
(hardware)
Step 3.Software processes data
and directs hardware tostore and or output
information
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Examplesof Computer Usage
What are five categoriesof computer users?
Home Small Office/Home Office (SOHO)
Mobile
Large Business Power
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Examplesof Computer Usage
What software is available for a home user?
Web access
Entertainment
Communications
Personal finance management
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Examplesof Computer Usage
Local area network (LAN)
Productivity software
Specialty software
Web usage
E-mail
What software is available for a small
office/home office (SOHO) user?
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Hardware
Examplesof Computer Usage
What is available fora mobile user?
Software Productivity
Presentation
Personal
information
manager
Notebook
computers
Handheld computers
Web-enabledcellular phones
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Examplesof Computer Usage
What are the needsof the large businessuser?
Web access
Public kiosk
Telecommuting
Network Productivity software
Scheduling
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Examplesof Computer Usage
What are the needsof a power user?
Speed and large amounts of storage
Typesof power users
Engineers Architects
Desktop publishers
Graphic artists
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What are some examplesof computer applicationsin society?
Education
Finance
Government
Healthcare
Science
Publishing
Travel
I ndustry
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