6/6/07 1 Sources of Anthropogenic Sound in the Ocean John Hildebrand Scripps Institution of...
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6/6/07 1 Sources of Anthropogenic Sound in the Ocean John Hildebrand Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego Capital Hill Oceans Week June 6, 2007
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Transcript of 6/6/07 1 Sources of Anthropogenic Sound in the Ocean John Hildebrand Scripps Institution of...
6/6/07 1
Sources of Anthropogenic Soundin the Ocean
John HildebrandScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San Diego
Capital Hill Oceans Week
June 6, 2007
6/6/07
Anthropogenic Noise SourcesAnthropogenic Noise Sources
6/6/07
World Shipping LanesWorld Shipping Lanes
6/6/07
Container Ship SoundContainer Ship Sound
- - - - - - - - - -
Fre
quen
cy
(KH
z)
0
1
Time (seconds)0 10
6/6/07
San Nicolas SOSUS Array – 1964 (Blue), 2004 (Red)
Shipping noise has increased ~3 dB/decade
Long Term Trends in Ship NoiseLong Term Trends in Ship Noise
6/6/07
Puget Sound Vessel - OlympasPuget Sound Vessel - Olympas Yacht with 49 passengers and 3 Engines
Whale Watch Vessel Noise Whale Watch Vessel Noise
6/6/07
6/6/07
Low Frequency Active Navy Low Frequency Active Navy SonarSonar
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Time (seconds)0 15
Fre
quen
cy
(Hz)
150
250
6/6/07
LFA Sound Sources
6/6/07
Navy ASW Mid-Frequency Sonar
Time (seconds)0 3
Fre
quen
cy
(Hz)
2000
3500
6/6/07
Global Offshore Seismic ExplorationGlobal Offshore Seismic Exploration
6/6/07
Airguns and EchosoundersAirguns and Echosounders
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Time (seconds)0 15
Fre
quen
cy
(KH
z)
0
15
6/6/07 (Nieukerk et al. 2004)
Hydrophones (stars) in the central North Atlantic record airguns (red dots) nearly continuously in the summer months.
Airgun Noise in North Atlantic
6/6/07
Monthly Average Airgun UsageMonthly Average Airgun Usage30
20
10
0
AF
RIC
A
CA
NA
DA
CH
INA
FO
RM
ER
US
SR
EU
RO
PE
FA
R E
AS
T
LA
TIN
AM
ER
ICA
MID
DL
E E
AS
T
US
1994 - 2005 Monthly Average Crew-Counts
6/6/07
FREQUENCY
SO
UR
CE
LE
VE
L r
e: u
Pa@
1m
Anthropogenic Sound Source Levels
6/6/07
FREQUENCY
TO
TA
L E
NE
RG
Y
(Jou
les)
Annual Anthropogenic Sound Energy
6/6/07
Research Needs for Anthropogenic Noise
• Characterize Noise Source Output • Determine Locations of Sources• Model Propagation from Source Area • Assess Long-Term Trends in Noise• Characterize Overlap of Animals and
Received Sound Levels• Understand Impacts of Noise on
Marine Animals
