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Ulrich Redux: Musils Design for His Man Without QualitiesCatharine Rising

American Imago, Volume 65, Number 4, Winter 2008, pp. 523-545 (Article)

Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press

For additional information about this article

Access Provided by UFRGS-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul at 03/20/12 1:40PM GMT

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523C th r n R n

American Imago , Vol. 65, No. 4, 523545. 2009 by Th John Hopk n Un v r ty Pr

523

CaTHaRiNe RisiNg

Ulrich Redux:Musils Design for His Man Without Qualities

Critics have widely held that the Austrian novelist Robert Musil (18801942) would never have chosen an ending or his magnum opus Th M n W thout Qu l t i he had lived. This paper argues that,

on the contrary, he had a passion or one ending, the oedipal victory o his protagonist Ulrich von R over a pair o possible athers, but that Musils own oedipal con ict worked against any such resolution.The attempt to depict either a sexual or a nonsexual triumph or the

fctional son resulted in superego censure and work blockages. Musil clung nevertheless to the idea o a nonsexual coup, which had a power-

ully topical resonance. The all o the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918 ushered in a republican government with universal male su rage;

the change would have enabled his thirtyish hero to achieve a politi- cal career or which an older generation had run out o time. Sons,not athers, were le t to exempli y to the ullest the dictum o Cornelius Castoriadis that participation in democracy is essential to personal maturation. Musil died in the midst o a Sisyphean labor to bring his novel to this ripening .

in The D. Case: The Truth about the Mystery o Edwin Drood (1992), by Ch rl D ck n , C rlo Frutt ro, nd Fr nco Lu-c nt n , th Drood C b com th D ck n c wh n n

nt rn t on l con r nc t Rom , h v n t out to compl t Drood , b com d tr ck d nto nd n th t t uthor wmurd r d by W lk Coll n . But th d l t ocu lon nou hon D ck n un n h d l t nov l to provok d mon tr t on

or th r ht o oth r bort d work nclud n Rob rt Mu ll r , loo The Man Without Qualities to compl t on.

in 1942 th au tr n nov l t udd nly d d, l v n hm num opu (1930; 1933) un n h d t r n rly orty y r t nk r n . a con n u o l t r ry cr t c h , or v r ty o r on , rul d out th po b l ty o n nd n Mu l h d l v d
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524 Ulr ch R dux

nd n t ly (Ro ow k 1994).1 On nfu nt l r d n tr c cotch n h cr t v ty to n ll dly po b l t r n or -

y t c m nt l ty, n unw ll n n to or o lt rn t v (Mu l1930, 1013; P k 1961, 7; R 1982, 48; McBr d 2006, 7274).Th mpl c t on th t v r ou t nt t v nd n , h t n k l do-

cop c lly n h h d, w r mor or l nt rch n bl . i w llr u th t, on th contr ry, h h d p on or on nd n ,n o d p l v ctory h p d by th t m n wh ch h l v d, nd

th t h tru l to r ch t c d only w th h d th.Mu l w Fr ud n cont mpor ry who d cl n d to dm t

th t h h d n O d pu compl x, n uro popul r z d n h

l t m ; l k h h ro Ulr ch von R, h nd vor d to p ckl M n w thout Qu l t . st n Jon on h c t d h m

pr cur or o po tmod rn t nd po t tructur l t th or o d nt ty ntr n c lly l ck n (2000, 23). Mu l h d rt d:

i w tt mpt to ubtr ct rom our lv tho conv nt oncond t on d by our t m , wh t r m n om th n compl t ly un h p d. . . . a p r on x t only n orm v n to h m romth out d . . . . it oc l or n z t on wh ch throu h t orm

v th nd v du l th po b l ty o xpr n h m l t ll,nd t only throu h xpr on th t h b com hum nb n (1967, 165).

Mu l ccord n ly r duc d O d pu , whom Fr ud h dd cr b d th h r t o v ry hum n b n born (1920,226n 1), to hort-l v d d. Th nov l t o t n bly l hth rt d

u ll ton O d pu end n r d doom d th compl x tod pp r n noth r n r t on or two wom n h on

c d to v th m th l p or womb rom wh ch th th r w thou ht to h v d pl c d th r nt ul n nt (1931, 325).Th b c xp r nc o p ycho n ly , wrot Mu l, d r v

rom th volum nou k rt o th 1870 nd 1880 , not rommod rn k to nd b th n u t . i dont why th n xt

n r t on hould not ju t h pp ly w nt to r turn to th -th r womb. and th n wh t? W ll w t n Or t n t do n O d pu ? (325).2

althou h Fr ud h d lon b l v d n th conc pt, h r t publ h d u o th t rm O d pu compl x d d not occurunt l 1910. Dur n Mu l ch ldhood, cl c l p ycho n ly

w n t own n ncy; thu Mu l, born n 1880, could cl mto h v rown up w thout t cor lln (1931, 323). ind d,

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525C th r n R n

h doubly d n d th u lt o w h n to r mov h th r ndpo h moth r: (1) h h d c p d th O d pu compl x

lto th r; nd (2) h h d h d on , th ult would h v b noc ty , not h . ev n o, h pp r on b o r ph c l v d nc

to h v b n cl c lly o d p l on. H d ry ntr how v ry n d r o w r n th t h n ct xu lly dr wnto h moth r. On not r f ct n rot c r pon , only p rtly r pr d, to h r ch nch ll ur: a m ll l k now n th rm n l d w th l ttl c mphor. i b l v th t th r xu l

l m nt n th m mory lthou h i c nnot c ll to m nd nyth nt ll th t m ht b r on th . . . t mu t h v b n om k nd o

d r (1955 , 187). anoth r ntry, r cord n h r pon t th o ht n or n n t n to th ht o H rm n Mu lon d v n bo rd, l nh b t d:

sh w n h r b th n -rob nd h d lr dy n h dh r w m. sh h d not not c d how clo i w . W thout b n w r o th mov m nt t ll h op n d h r rob

n ord r to wr p t round h r n d r nt w y, nd

or mom nt i w h r t nd n n k d. sh mu t h vb n t th t t m l ttl ov r 40 y r o nd h w v ry wh t nd ull nd b ut ully m d . althou h, toth d y, t ll m w th c rt n ppr c t on, r mor

v v d th h m -r dd n nd, i b l v , n ry horrorth t tr n x d m th n. (18788)

a cond m mory rom bout th m b tw n 18 nd

20 (396)r v r th or o n mpr on o H rm n , thun t n Mu l u lt. H r , th orty h moth r, now m rk d by n xu l phy c l ty, volum nou , non-tr n ur d h p ,

nc p bl o produc n o d p l lon n (397). Th d ndh lthy truth th oppo t o p [ycho n ly ]: th moth r,phy c lly r p ll n h r on wh l h m k cl m on h oul, not n obj ct o d r but mood-b rr r, tr pp n w y o . . . v ry d r or wom n (397).

N v rth l , Mu l, who d d not know wh ch o two m n w h th rh moth r hu b nd or h r l v - n comp n onH nr ch R t r how d k n j lou y o R t r, th b d orm cul n h l o pl t th r ur (Mu l 1955 , 60, 456;

Jon 1949, 13643). in m ly photo r ph o 1888, hu b nd
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nd w t nd p r t d by R t r, t d n th or round th c nt rp c , wh l ull n-look n Rob rt, pl c d rth t o thr m l rom th moth r, hold up n uncommonly lonph ll c t (Cor no 1973, 149).

For th ch ld n th photo r ph, n dult o d p l p tt rn would oon cry t ll z . H cho c o m tr H rm D tz, work n -cl wom n w th th m r t n m h moth r but low r n oc l t t on u t Fr ud n n d to d r dth lov obj ct n ord r to njoy th xu l mpo bl w thh h r typ r mbl n th moth r (Fr ud 1912, 17887;Cor no 1973, 16669). H l ct on o h w M rth , d -

vorc x y r h n or nd on who pr or m n h d v nh m c u or j lou y, vok Fr ud p c l obj ct cho c :th ncon t ncy o moth r- ub t tut p rm t nt y o th

ctu l moth r b tr y l o th th r, nd thu h r v l b l ty to th on (Fr ud 1910, 16472; Cor no 1973, 16971).

a m jor mot o The Man Without Qualities c m to b o -d p l conf ct urround n th myth c l m rr o O r ndh t r-moth r i , un on th t Mu l h d d cont n d th

nov l n nucl o; un ortun t ly, t pr nc l d to n nt r-m tt nt but cr ppl n work block (Mu l 1955 , 423; Cor no2003, 987). Th moth r Mu l r m mb r d duct v wh n

h w m ddl - d h d b n th mo t pow r ul p r on n hl wh n h w ht n or tw nty (Cor no 1973, 163). H rr pl c m nt by th ct on l t r a th (R nk 1912, 36369)

nvolv d Mu l n cho c h d cl n d to m k , b tw n nc t d nd nc t r l ty (Cor no 2003, 98687, 1086). On th

v d nc o th publ h d port on o th nov l, to th r w thxp r m nt pr rv d n th jumbl o h po thumou p p r(Nachlass ), 3 h tr d to ub t tut or nc t cond o d p lmot , th t o tr umph nt non xu l r v lry w th th th r( ).O th mb t on too h b o r phy v mpl v d nc . i w llpropo th t th h t o th m nt l d th pl n o pol t c lc r r or th nov l h ro, Mu l p r on Ulr ch. Unh p-p ly, w h ll , th n w plot l o ncount r d up r or t nc .

Non xu l comp t t on w th th r ur h d p rv d dMu l tormy ch ldhood. Th boy r o hor r c llFr ud L ttl H n (1909, 3147); or Mu l to b com r d rg rm n Reiter , th urn m o h con c ou p t rn l
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r v lwould n y mp n m nt on pr ro t v o dult m l (Cor no 1973, 14144). W th n w y r , h br nch o

rv c would b th n ntry; l t r t ll, how v r, h m d hlt r o Ulr ch c v lry o c r (1930, 3132). Throu h rt,

th Fr ud n comp n t on or n un t ctory r l ty (Fr ud1911, 224; Mu l 1930, 453), Mu l n m ddl r ch d b ckto qu t h m l w th R t r, th h t d p t rn l compon nt o h ch ldhood.

in contr t, al r d Mu l n d ry p d t d rom1937 to 1941 th ct on t ly p tron z n ly r m mb r d ood h l o th pl t pro n tor. Rob rt portr y h m t m d, d ppo nt d m n w th d ncl n t on or, nd d [ n]

ncompr h n on o , pol t c (1955 , 476) n n pt tud th t llow d th c r r o t t - ppo nt d pro or o n n r n

to b com p rm n ntly t ll d n th prov nc l d d nd o Brnn. so much or th m n throu h th y o h l l on.On mu t turn to b o r phy or n ppr c t on o al r d Mu l

ucc ul nd h hly r p ct d p d o u , comm nd d,d cor t d, nd l t r nnobl d by th emp ror Fr nz Jo ph

(Cor no 2003, 88, 90, 576). B o r ph r K rl Cor no d nt al r d th or n l o Ulr ch th r (2003, 403), n e t b-l hm nt l wy r prop ll n h on tow rd mport nt cont ct ,

who m y con nt to dv nc th rty h d l tt nt n th pro -on h do not y t h v . Th l wy r, und n bly m nwith

qu l t , r o bl t: Th t nd ncy you h v nh r t d,thou h not rom m , to m k nthu t c r t tr d n omn w nd vor th t ttr ct you, only to or t oon t rw rd,

o to p k, wh t you ow your l nd tho who h v r t dth r hop on you, nd on th oth r h nd, my n b l ty tod t ct n your commun c t on th l ht t n o pl n or

your utur , ll m w th r v conc rn (Mu l 1930, 77). Th rollow w rn n th t Ulr ch nh r t nc w ll not u c to

ur h po t on n oc ty; h mu t m k h own w y. in thm v n o p t rn l r buk , al r d Mu l w nt rth r. in 1910

h u d h nfu nc to cur or h on, who wr t n h dprov d unpopul r nc th ucc o Young Trless (1906), l br r n po t n th V nn T chn c l Un v r ty. Un w r orunconc rn d th t Rob rt d t t d l br r n h p, h r jo c dth t n dult d p nd nt con um n th rd o th n or Mu l

ncom h d t l t ch v d n nc l nd p nd nc (Cor no2003, 317, 406, 418, 421).
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528 Ulr ch R dux

From p r nt l ov r ht Rob rt w oon d t nc d by thF r t World W r, n wh ch h would ult m t ly b d cor t d

or h d t n o m l t ry p p r, thTiroler Soldaten-Zeitung .Th honor, how v r, c m t r h d m l rom comp ny comm nd, n p od o wh ch h m d l ht but th t al r d

l v t d to m ly d r c (Cor no 2003, 50613). Rob rt count r d by o r n h m l al r d v ntu l up r or. in

d mocr t c oc ty, non xu l pr ro t v o th dult m l would h v b n pol t c l ct v ty; but n H b bur au tr , th

rown m n n th Mu l m ly photo r ph x t d on muchth m pol t c l oot n th ch ld. From th b nn n o h r n n 1848, th p t rn l t c Fr nz Jo ph conv n d n

au tr n p rl m nt only t h pl ur , nd rom 1914 to hd th n 1916 not t ll. Th ll o th mon rchy v Rob rt Mu l d pl c d opportun ty, throu h pol t c l l d r h p by Ulr ch, to b com n ct th p r nt o h ld r . On r -m mb r th soc l D mocr t K rl R nn r, v bl ur nth orm t on o n au tr n r publ c t r ch o two world

w r ; th cond o th cr t on t ll urv v .

accord n to r m nt o th Nachlass , Ulr ch w toh v urv v d th F r t World W r nd xp r nc d th s c-ond b or wr t n n a t rword toThe Man Without Qualities (1978, 176970). H h l v d throu h th tr n t on rom th

b olut t H b bur r m to th F r t R publ c (19181938), wh ch un v r lly n r nch d au tr m l c t z n . Mu l n -

l ct d to d t l h nt rw r ct v ty; nd d, nov l or n lly l t d to nd w th th outbr k o th r t w r, th conf ct th t

brou ht down th dyn ty, n v r r ch d th un o au u t 1914. Th tr umph o on n n n th vot w t ll v r l y r w y. But wh n t c m , th y njoy d d t nct dv nt .Th d ctum o th r volut on ry / conom t / p ycho n ly t Corn l u C tor d pr um bly ppl d: p rt c p t on nd mocr cy nt l to p r on l m tur t on (1997, 13233).C tor d d n n n nt l tu t on on n wh ch l

v n to you or noth n ; nd th L w v n to you w thout nyth n l , w thout nyth n mor , w thout ny po bl

d cu on. . . . som on who l v n oc ty w thout ny w ll con-c rn n th L w, w thout ny pol t c l w ll, h m r ly r pl c dth pr v t th r w th th nonymou oc l th r (196465,16869). amon tho who h v b n n wly n r nch d,

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529C th r n R n

youn r n r t on h mor t m th n t ld r n wh ch, by C tor d t n t , t c n ch v m tur ty. Wh n th H b burmon rchy coll p n 1918, Ulr ch von R / Rob rt Mu l

t ll l th n orty y r old.Mu l t t d b l mply d n v d n l th t h could

b k n l -r l z t on throu h pol t c , or h r u d hun qu voc l upport to ny x t n orm o ov rnm nt. Typ -c lly, h dm r d th Ru n r volut on ry xp r m nt but l od m d M rx m mpl t c: t cr d t d th bour o

w th monopoly o ll m t r l nd p r tu l ood nd p t-t d xplo t d n t xplo t r , wh l n ct b tw n thtwo roup l y th nt c l y r o th bur ucr cy (1955 ,264) nclud n , dur n au tr tr n t on rom mon rchy toF r t R publ c, Mu l h m l n dv r n th m n tr o

or n r nd d n .H tt ck d N z m or t brut l ty nd t bro t on

o und m nt l hum n l b rt but pr d H tl r or h v nun t d p opl , lb t on low l v l (1955 , 37879, 381,38283, 434). Th ttr ct on o un ty or Mu l w r t t m

look o apollon n d l b r t on. Th r ct ou au tro-Hun r nemp r w , t r ll, v rtu lly un ov rn bl ; th r nd n d t o th C ntr l Pow r n th F r t World W r m d pow r nd

ol d r ty pp r mp r t v ; th lur o W t rn d mocr -c , Br t n nd Fr nc , to jo n n prot ct n Cz cho lov k

n t H tl r (48283) l d nto th s cond World W r. Mu ly, H lpl europ (1922), m k ord r nd d c pl n ,

xpr d n coh r nt ov rv w o l , th W t ch d -

d r t (133).But n h p r on l conf ct o pr c on nd oul (1930,651), apollo nd D ony u , t d cult to ollow h dr v

or un ty w thout not c n th t th l tt r d ty h om t mrout d th orm r. P rh p only m n who d l w th

ml un ty o my t c v on could c t m d ov rproduc-t on o book nd journ l n po tw r europ ymptom o d n r cy, r ult n rom n n b l ty to v th t m ny un orm ty (1955 , 208). in much o th d ry m t r l, Mu l

pp r t mp r m nt lly r mot rom d mocr t c normn wh ch c t z n pur u th r p r t nt r t xc pt wh n

th y jo n, t nt rv l , to vot on th r ov rnm nt. On o htr n r mon t c u on th ollow n d ry p on

ct r n m n c p t l t c l b r l m:
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531C th r n R n

n d or d r o mot on l t b l ty und r th u d nco om d (395).

To t t th r ult or th up r o o m r r w th oth r ,how v r, th wr t r who h d J w h w nd who f d V nn

n 1938, th y r h book w r b nn d n au tr , d d not tt mpt to jo n th N z . in t d h tr d n o t n bly po-

l t c l ub t tut , pr v t xp r m nt to d t rm n wh th ru on could r l bly y ld th up r or th c h w nt d tottr but to th N z mov m nt. i , D v d s. Lu t b l v

(1984, 286), Mu l m rr w tr n mut d nto lov ro h ch r ct r , Rob rt nd M rth n th r r u rd n

n g n v b com Ulr ch nd h t r, qu t n or th r ht tt tud tow rd p r on who w lk p t th r rd n nc n

V nn (Mu l 1978, 139098). Th r lur to tr n c nd th rord n ry, d cr t lv nt c p t th coll p nThe Man Without Qualities o th my t c l d l, n both t p r on l nd

t pol t c l mpl c t on . a pol t c l pis aller , th r r m n d d mocr cy, wh ch

Mu l d pr c t d b d on m n ord n ry cond t on, l -

nt r t. N v rth l , h h d wr tt n, how v r un nthu t -c lly, n h Pol t c l Con on o 1913 th t th uturwas d mocr cy (33). Thou h f w d by r ou w kn , th d -c y o d c pl n , t w r l t v ly hum n nd c v l z d (1955 ,416, 488). Ulr ch cr tor h m l phy c lly opt d or thqu l t n 1938, th y r o Anschluss , wh n h x l d h m l

rom H tl r. in th Con on o 1913, h h d c nt r d ond mocr cy, un ncumb r d by cl y t m, n n bl n

m ch n m or th dv nc o c nc nd or th mpl m n-t t on o n conom c pro r m to u r nt h m b tt r lm t r lly (33, 35); l t r h w c d w th d mocr cy nt lcontr but on to h b r urv v l.

Y t h publ c r pon to t r m n d t p d b or .in V nn n 1934 nd n n P r th ollow n y r, b orth int rn t on l Wr t r Con r or th D n o Cultur ,h h d r u d or p r t on o cultur rom ll orm o pol t c . in th r t ddr , h l t d th pr cond t on o r -ou rt t c ct v ty hum n ty, nt rn t on l m, r dom, ndobj ct v ty (1955b, 256). in th cond, h r u d to qu tth d d r t w th p rl m nt ry d mocr cy (1955c, 266). C.e. W ll m ll cy n Mu l pl or rt t c utonomy,
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532 Ulr ch R dux

coupl d w th d n l th t uch po t on would mply upport or d mocr t c pol t c l y t m (1974, 169).

i u t th t Mu l w w ll w r o th o d p l r on nco n m r nc rom b olut m to c t z n p rt c p t on n

ov rnm nt, th t h ou ht both to njoy v c r ou v ctory ov r p t rn ty nd to pl c t n nt rn l c n or by h t n thonu o d mocr t c ct v ty to h cr tur Ulr chwho , nd not, h m l . Both m n c m rom th d p nd nt m ddl -cl(m nd r n) rv c roup o th au tro-Hun r n emp r .Both h d th r who tt d nto th mp r l d c ; bothd p d p t rn l ccommod t on to r m dom n t d by th r tocr cy (1955 , 47374, 476; 1930, 810). N th r Mu l( rmy o c r- n n r- c d m c p ycholo t-wr t r) nor Ulr ch( rmy o c r- n n r-m th m t c n-?) ttl d ly nto c r r n th oc ty th t h d r w rd d, to l m t d xt nt, hmor d pt bl p r nt.

Mu l n d d p r on who w r to ct, nd who couldbury th nom ny o th m ddl -cl th r . H d r o thpr w r p r od d t n u h b tw n h m l nd h ro n m d

ach ll , who w to do ll tho th n rom wh ch r onnd conv ct on hold m b ck (1955 , 226). ach ll b c mUlr ch, who not wr t r or l k ly to b com on (i w borno my moth r, t r ll, not n nkw ll [1930, 535]).5 H thu

x mpt h m l rom Mu l r qu r m nt th t th cr t v rt t r m n pol t c lly d n d. a qu t d r nt c ll n or thh ro, h ourth voc t on to d t , loom n th V nn o 1913

wh n Mu l mov h m nto rc c l tr t rr t nd n n

pol c cu tody. H c p only by h d n th ummon o gr L n dor , th ld rly mon rch t who h cr t d th nov lP r ll l C mp n, to b t Honor ry s cr t ry 6 nd p rh p

d n th lv t on o th ound r n au tro-Hun r n emp r .From th po nt, wh t w h v o The Man Without Qualities ov rtly or cov rtly con t ntly pol t c l nov l.

an imp r l nd Roy l imp r l-Roy l Du l Mon rchyr mbl n th Tr n ty n t my t r ( n au tr n emp rorr n only K n n Hun ry), th odd coupl n doom d top r h rom t n xpr b l ty (1930, 490, 181, 491). Cutt n

cro h tor c au tr n probl m o m l t nt n t on l t n w r d l mm : th pol t c l t tu o urb n m cr t d by

ndu tr l z t on. L m nt n lo t C thol c nd ud l ol d r ty,

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533C th r n R n

r l or m n d, L n dor k un y n , mod rn z n dto r v v y th poly lot d no ur h r v r th rl nd.

a Honor ry s cr t ry, Ulr ch t k to h r nd t propo l rom th p opl th t , nyon who, l k h m l ,r nk oc lly nd pol t c lly b low t ll-dom n nt l nd d nob l-

ty. Follow n h ppo ntm nt to th po t, wh t w h v o The Man Without Qualities n t xt nd r m nt o r coh r nt,pl u bl l n o p ychopol t c l d v lopm nt, culm n t n n cho c o d mocr cy ov r c m nd th umpt on by Mu lh ro o th ct v publ c rol or wh ch h b rth nd tr n nh v qu pp d h m. Th outcom or th nov l would r qu rth b ndonm nt t om po nt o m jor mot : my t c lutop , th th r t or wh ch h h lp d k p th prot on t onth r n o ctu l l v n . i w ll r u th t h lur to r l z

pr v t ed n t l t r h m to work n th r l world.F r t, how v r, Ulr ch cr t ry mu t d l w th th

p opl H b bur b olut m, how v r mor bund, h l t th m by th y r 1913. Th r typ c l m mb r, onc ound d by th P r ll l C mp n r or n id , r v l w th n h m l

h th rto un u p ct d cr nk. an op n on t d m n-w th n-th -m n o w th h m to th o c v ry morn n nd h b o-lut ly no w y to r h prot t n t th w y th n r don

n th world; o n t d h k p h y lu d to l loncr t po nt o h own th t v ryon l r u to , v n

thou h th crux y, th m nt l-h lth p r l nn t n c rt ncomb n t on o block l tt r n hop n , or th phy c lm n c o op n, tub rculo - r ndly lt c ll r n r t ur nt ,

or th w t o l by n unr orm d y t m o horth ndobv ou ly th ourc o ll th m ry n world th t w ll not r co n z t v or (1930, 147). Th contr but on u t

cond th o C tor d : d mocr cy, wh ch r qu rd l b r t n nd l -r f ct v nd v du l or t unct on n ,t nd ov r t m to produc th m; oth r y t m do not (1997,132). But th r pon to th C mp n u c to conv ncL n dor th t r t [d mocr t c] orc h b n t nmot on (Mu l 1930, 242); t on h hop to cont n but c nnot nor .

g v n h up r or d h o r luct nt popul m, Ulr chutur th p opl cont ct n th P r ll l C mp n m

op n- nd d on xpo ur to ourc o n r y n w to h m
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534 Ulr ch R dux

h d c d to o n or pol t c . at th rty-two, Mu l onc d -t ch d h ro now xpo d to m lcont nt who r ct on topol t c l und rr pr nt t on d r h rply rom h own. H

c r br l, p v ; n th x mpl v n, th y r p on t .in th juxt po t on o th tr t , w r r m nd d o Mu lor Ulr ch own pro r m or th mprov m nt o th world: un on o pr c on nd oul, nt ll ct nd l n , r t od

nd non-r t od (1930, 651; 1955 , 313).Ulr ch h r r tt d (1930, 64647) th t h could not

ch v ynth o nt ll ct nd l n n h m l ; h m ht,how v r, ch v b l nc w th oth r n om orm o pol t -c l ct on pr cur or o th p opl ctu l rul w th n v

y r , ollow n th coll p o th H b bur mon rchy n 1918.But h l to o r h w ll-hon d nt ll ct to h lp ch nn l

ny o th r d cont nt nto mor prop t ou outl t th n th y h v ound or th m lv . althou h h h d n d h m l

pr on r w t n or h ch nc to br k out (386) ndh k nly r nt d th ubord n t on o h bour o th r,

n nt ll ctu l r tocr t, to th r tocr cy o hor , ld ,

nd tr d t on (9), h h no con c ou p r t on to b com popul r l d r. a h xpl n to th oc l t on o h r-d n r, h h w t d or ch n th r or n z t on o m nk nd

ccord n to oc l t pr nc pl n om orm . . . th n lch nc th t god h l t to tto rr v w thout h p r on l

nt rv nt on (1978, 1491).D p t h pp r nt d n m nt, how v r, Ulr ch onc

mov d nto th pol t c l r n n v r xtr c t h m l by r n-

n h cr t ry h p. On th contr ry, th P r ll l C mp n w nd down or l ck o t lon - ou ht tr n c nd nt d , hl th t h h n v r n h l r lly d c d d nyth n , th t

th t m h com to do o, nd th t h cr nvolv t y n ,or not t y n , w th t l d r (1930, 650). H udd nly pro-po th t L n dor ound, n H M j ty n m , Worlds cr t r t or Pr c on nd soul (651). Mor cc bly t tl d,

nd tr tch d to m n popul r p rt c p t on n ov rnm nt w thout r rd to n t on l ty, th ch m , how v r ron c lly o r d, m ht h v prov d d u c ntly un y n d or thC mp n to und rwr t . Mu l nt ll ct, pl y n upon th

mot on o p tr ot m, h d conv nc d h m th t n t on w nt y (1921, 112).
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535C th r n R n

Ulr ch, h know wh t h m n , m k l ttl tt mpt toxpl n t or to d n h own po bl rol n uch n und rt k-n . H tr tm nt o h propo l throw w y n v rth l

conf ct d. in h rv c to th C mp n, h h m n dh m l to b mply toy n w th l o t lk r ; nd y t,on th v r o mom nt o truth, h w ll udd nly clunto th m, k ck n nd cr m n (1930, 654, 650). H h h ldto n nd vor both h nd n o mot c n rr t n con c ou -n , n th r wholly w th n nor wholly out d th ch r ct r ,h v tr t d lud crou . in mut d orm, m l r h t romd t chm nt to conc rn occurr d n Mu l h m l , onc fn- de-sicle d l tt nt . in h 1913 Con on , h d nt d

p ct tor po t on h own t rt n po nt: i n v r u d tob nt r t d n pol t c . Th pol t c n, wh th r d puty np rl m nt or c b n t m n t r, m d to m l k rv nt

n my hou , who job to tt nd to th nd r nt m tt ro l (32). But n d ry ntr rom th p r od 191921, h

xpr d b tt r r r t th t Woodrow W l on Fourt n Po nth d l d to cur un ty: n oth r world lmo t c m nto

x t nc (1955 , 273). Ulr ch p r ll l ch n rom ol t onto nvolv m nt t l cop d nto conv r on xp r nc bothudd n nd jolt n to th ubj ct. it ur ncy comp t bl w th

th rupt on o n o d p l l , br k n throu h up r or t nc to pol t c l mb t on.

Th up r o v r on to o d p l r v lry not, how v r,to b lto th r m t r d. L k Mu l, who h t t d b tw n d -mocr cy nd c m n th 1920 nd 30 , Ulr ch hov r b tw n

protod mocr cy nd proto c m n th doom d mon rch c l au tr o 191314th t , b tw n pol t c l ct on nd pol t -c l p v ty. in P rt 2 o The Man Without Qualities , h dr wnto both th comp r t v r t on l m o th C mp n nd th

rr t on l m o t oppon nt, H n s pp my t c n t on l m, wh ch d m nd Commun ty o th Pur ly s lf (1930,605). althou h Ulr ch pr r k p n to h m l , h c nnot h lp b n mov d by s pp t lk o commun l oul, d p,

mm n ourc o v t l n r y, nd o th d rk w rmth o th m , t dyn m m, th nv bl mol cul r proc o tuncon c ou coh on, r m nd n [ n t v p opl ] w th v ry br th th y t k th t th r t t nd th l t mon th m

r not lon . Ulr ch lt th m (607).

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536 Ulr ch R dux

amb v l nt h m l , Mu l o r th Ulr ch o 191314thr pol t c l cho c , ch r pr nt d by m l doubl .7 in r mm r o nd r Lu t (2003, 47, 18389) d cr b p rv v n th r oc ty, r t on l m m cul n ; rr t on l-

m nThe Man Without Qualities , o t n m n t n th orm o d l m n n .8 H nc th thr wom n o r Ulr ch thr

d r nt w y o cc pt n m n n compon nt o h m l ,nd thu o ppro ch n mor n rly th ynth o nt ll ct nd l n th t h k . H nfu nt l cou n D ot m , o bout h own h ht (Mu l 1930, 299), mbod th world

o h th r w th t con d nt xp ct t on o pro r und rH b bur rul . H s m tw n a th , th oth r h l o Pl ton c d v d d b n (1933, 985, 98082), r pr nt n po-l t c l u th my t c m th t Mu l w und rly n N z m.Ulr ch u lt-r dd n r nd Cl r , whom h do not r mblphy c lly but w th whom h h v u l n o on n (1930, 117), t nd n d m nt d orm or th nd v du l -

umpt on o r pon b l ty, th b o d mocr cy.Th r t o th opt on n d not d t n u lon . am d

th p ntry o h th r un r l r t tt nd d by themp ror r pr nt t v , th gov rnor o th prov nc ,m mb r o th au tr n Upp r Hou , to wh ch th th rh d b lon d, nd th R ctor nd s n t o th un v r ty t

wh ch h h d t u htUlr ch t th h d o th proc onc n br fy m n h m l th old r m n r pl c m nt n

rv c to th r m ; th c r mony th n b com com no or h m who now took up th word (1933, 771). But

th ol mn o d p l mom nt lmo t mm d t ly d p t d:Ulr ch not th ncon ru ty o th J w h und rt k r whopr d ov r C thol c un r l; wond r th d d m n, whoh d put h body t th d po l o c nc , w cobbl d b ckto th r w th h m d l n pl c ; pond r th r ct on o th

x m n n m d c l tud nt to a th lk rt r, h dd n nth pock t o clo t pornoph l . Ulr ch nv t t on to nt r

nd comp t n h th r world or clo d by h n th t au tr -Hun ry nd t r tu l , how v r m z n ly r l th y m y t t m pp r nd how v r pl ntly th y n bl h m,now nd th n, to t o th tr n o t m r only h tor c ld br not y t . . . cl r d w y (1930, 87, 28, 87).

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537C th r n R n

Th hort hr t v n Ulr ch r t opt on, rv c to thr m , contr t w th n xt nd d tr tm nt o th cond nP rt 3, into th M ll nn um. Th d th o Ulr ch th r, whoh d xp ct d h m to nd om th n u ul to do, h r d thm n o nh r t d w lth to put th P r ll l C mp n on hold

wh l h y pr v t l . in th oth r hum n cond t on,h nd a th k n n w r to th on qu t on worth th nk-

n bout, th qu t on o th r ht w y to l v (1930, 275).in oth rn contr t d w th m n ord n ry cond t on o r t on l z n , c lcul t n , o l-or nt d ct v ty, t m t n ,pr ur , cr v n , nd b nx tyth bound ry b tw n l

nd world r l x d, o th t oodn nd p r tu l lov c n nth ory nt r (Mu l 1967, 18586). Th r pr nc xp ct dto y ld n nd v du l t nd rd d t nct rom, nd up r or to,mor l ty, wh ch Ulr ch, l k Mu l, tr t n rb tr ry oc lcon truct (1933, 1112; 1955 , 31113), th m r xpr on o

p rt cul r t m nd pl c .But v n und r opt m l cond t on lov n coupl ,

co m c conn ct on w th n tur n bloom, n fu nt r dom

rom d tr ct onth my t c l ro d to ltru m b com cul-d - c or Ulr ch nd a th . it do not l d to th d r dn w th c o lov or m nk nd; un t ry xp r nc prov toof t n to upply ur u d to conduct.9 Pr ct c n on r pul v r ul r out d th nc , a th hop ully quot :R t not v l: but who o v r h ll m t th on thy r ht ch k, turn to h m th oth r l o. . . . thy r ht h nd o ndth , cut t o . But Ulr ch, l p d nto th ord n ry hum n

mod , pro n h m l ev rym n, r v r th rmon: i his h nd o nd th , cut t o , nd you m t om on onth ch k, v h m hook to th h rt too, ju t to m k ur (1978, 139798).

a t turn out, my t c l conn ct on c nnot b u r nt dv n b tw n Ulr ch nd a th , two d d c t d k r o l -

tr n c nd nc nd n unr on d th c th t c nnot rr. Onn c p to M d t rr n n l nd, th xp r nc o lo t

bound r , lo t d nt ty, n n mm n ty o nd ky producxh u t on nd r, to th r w th n d or ord n ry ch tt r

(1978, 145558, 146370). Ulr ch r ct on to r d n lov n ct o d nc , n xclu on th t d p nd on th x t nc

o hum n oc ty to b xclud dor t l t on th pr nc
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538 Ulr ch R dux

o th rd p r on to ob rv nd p jud m nt. Lov , h nowm nt n , c nnot x t b tw n two p r on lon (1471).

Th lur o th M d t rr n n dyll nd Ulr ch -r w th h t r, whom h curtly dv to m rry or t k

lov r o th ord n ry, po v , unmy t c l ort. For h m, th wr nch n th lo o p r d com w th th n d to r bu ldh l onc h oth rworldly r rv d (1978, 1746) hcoll p d. But nc ll th d cult o ord r n th t l h vr volv d round th rch or n rr t bl lov to br n h mto th h rt o th world (1535), th w y now l op n to thm cul n ct v t w r, c nc , th conqu t o n tur , th

h p n o h toryth t h h d onc m n d h utur ,nd th t n uth nt c p rt o h m h lw y cr v d. H h

l nk dder andere Zustand to x ty, lo o pow r, l p, nd d th(1387). H h d ydr m d o a th c tr t n qu n; hh l ully hot h r p no to d th (1514, 143536).10

W com now to th th rd n m , Cl r , who n th r y - y r l k D ot m nor n c p t l k a th . Bold r

th n th r, Cl r h t k n on h r l m on to nd th

world dr t, t blund r n nto v l by mply l tt n th nh pp n (1930, 386). in h r pro r rom tol r t d cc ntr c-ty to con n m nt n n tor um, h r p c c proj ct h vnclud d th r n o th x murd r r Moo bru r, oon

to b x cut d by l l y t m th t l ck c nt c d n t ono n n ty; th l b r t on o n u rom th r pr on th

world mpo on ny p r on who d pl y t; nd th r cu o hum n ty rom th ch m o lov (1978, 1569) by th o r

o h r l nd n unw ll n gr k cqu nt nc h rm phro-d t c r d m r . Cl r , h v n b n mol t d rl by h rth r, m ht w ll b v r to x; but Ph l p P yn po nt

out (1988, 192), h prob bly l o nfu nc d by N tz ch d th t xu l n r y unu d c n b tor d nd r d r ct dn th n t nc , to br n bout oc l r orm.

Cl r , h r hu b nd W lt r cknowl d , b tt rth n w r or n t n th t w ll ou ht to ch n nd h v mor ct v con c nc , th k nd w th no l m t to t, v r (1933,994). at th m t m , h r N tz ch n z l r pro ch tom n n p rt cul r, W lt r nd Ulr ch, to whom h h look d

or work o n u nd who h v not produc d th m. Mu ln rr tor bl m th d rth not o much on th l rd on
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539C th r n R n

th t r l ty o th t m th y l v n; Cl r l ndul nt.C nt r n on Ulr ch, w th whom h nt nd to wr tl . . . orh oul, h compl n : Th r no r l n r y n you (1930,484, 386). N ttl d, h put up d n : h pr ct c , h y , ct v p v m (386).

Cl r tr noth r t ck: h mu t th r ch ld o h r who w ll r d m th world (1930, 720). Ulr ch d cl n , l v nh r th opt on o b com n th r d m r h r l n on dr t,h r v ntu l pl n, w th Ulr ch h r po tl (1978, 154950,1563). Wh n h r t th t olut on l o lon w th n lt rn -t v , u c d h tr to l t h thro t or h m (1566). H r h

nd or h r obl n hu b nd to com nd t k h r w y. an ll pt c l not r d : W lt r [Ulr ch] ly n on th

round. Wr ck d p r on (1978, 1567). Ulr ch n d t ch nh m l rom ch o thr pol t c l wom n how pp r nt r mor only or Cl r . Conc v bly h l om r pon -b l ty or h r m nt l d t r or t on; t w h w dd n t, t r

ll, th t ntroduc d h r to th work o N tz ch . s n, cr c , v c r ou ton m nt, nd r d mpt on h v ur d om nou ly n

h r rh tor c nd th n rr tor n ly . sh r rd N tz ch cond Chr t nd Chr t n Moo bru r th hom c d lc rp nt r th rd, cr c n h m l or th xu l n o

W lt r nd Ulr ch (1933, 904; 1978, 1584, 1603, 161314). intry n to v h r l to Ulr ch, n ord r to b bl to l v w thh m nd xorc z on mor d v l (pr um bly o ut m) nh m, h k th xc t m nt o tr m ndou cr c l ct(1560, 1548).

M dn n Cl r , ly n l k or t Chr t w th h r rmout tr tch d (1978, 1612), pp r th pr c o h umpt ono n ct v l . i o, h m ht m k r t tut on by b com n

wh t h w nt h m to b , r pon bl oc l b n . By now,how v r, h h mor th n h m n mp tu to ct on. O th tw n tr or pol o h p r on l ty l bor t d nThe Man Without Qualities (1930, 64548), v ol nc nd lov , th ct vmod nd th my t c l, h h tr d nd l d w th a th tom k o th cond r l bl m n to th r c t t c un onor c t t c ltru m. H pp r to b l t or th mo t p rt Mu l d cr b d h m n not or th un n h d cond volum :by n tur n r t c nd m n w th ht n n t nct (1978,1769). appropr t ly, th utop o th Oth r Cond t on hb n r pl c d by n d l o nduct v th nk n (1749).

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540 Ulr ch R dux

For Col r d (1817, 452), th t t o rt t c pow r l y nth numb r o d p r t l m nt v n work could ynth z .in th ov rd t rm n d d r ct on i h v nd c t d orThe Man Without Qualities , d mocr t c l d r h p n outl t or Ulr ch

n r would m t h th r d m nd th t h m k con-tr but on to publ c l . at th m t m , t would ur h mo o d p l up r or ty n th nov l m ly rom nc ; mor ov r,

t would n bl h m to m k r p r t on to on o h m l v ct m , Cl r , who tr d to mbu h m w th th v r ty o h r own con c nc . it m ht l o, h w nt to mpl m nt h r d l o oc l ju t c , to r l z wh t c n b r l z d, t h m n r conc l n h oppo t : n th l n u o h t m

nd pl c , nt ll ct nd l n , m l nd m l .To jud by h conv r t on w th th prol t r n oc l t

schm r (1978, 149093), Ulr ch ll nc pol t c n would h v b n to th soc l D mocr t c p rty, wh ch urv v dboth au tr n nd g rm n c m to t k pow r t r th s c-ond World W r (Brook-sh ph rd 1998, 25294, 311, 37781).Mu l, thou h cr t c l o oc l t l d r h p, h d upport d

th p rty conom c o l (Cor no 2003, 898). H h d l ob l v d th t schm r r pr nt d th only cl c p bl o p r tu lly lt r n th hum n lot. st t[ c] mor l ty, h wrotn h d ry, c n b d r v d rom th conom c ord r, rom

po on . Work r , th only roup o p opl who could br k w th th mor l ty (1955 , 275). accord n to M rth Mu l, h rhu b nd r t pl n h d b n to m k schm r, popul r

ront n m n tur , Ulr ch r pl c m nt cr t ry to th

P r ll l C mp n (Cor no 2003, 896, 899900). Th r t nt ono Ulr ch n th po t u t both th p r on cont nu nnt r t n mor l volut on nd h cont nu n b l ty to tom ch

pol t c , wh ch Mu l h d d n d th b olut oppo t o d l m (1922, 125).

D p t h d t ncin propria persona rom pol t c l ct onnd h r rv t on bout d mocr cy, Mu l d cr b d h m l

ht r w th n d m[ocr cy] or t utur (1955 , 482). auch, h own ct v n would r l t to wh t h how d ct on l pol t c n-h ro bl to do. Cl rly, h l t room or

Ulr ch to m k d r nc . L k C tor d , Mu l conc v do cr t v oc l n t tut n m n ry (C tor d 1997,131) th t th nd v du l cr t v m n t on m ht b bl

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541C th r n R n

to w y. and n l k C tor d , h r j ct d ny th ory o h tor c l n c ty; r th r, h nt c p t d l t -tw nt th-c ntury ch o th ory by ttr but n v t r ult to m ll c u . How-

v r, h w nt b yond th ch o o ch o th ory, wh ch kord r n m n d ord r; h propo d th t h tor c l v nt ,thou h not cc d nt l, ollow no p rt cul r l w (1922, 122).H h Ulr ch propound Pr nc pl o in u c nt C u :ev ryth n th t h pp n , h pp n or no ood or u c nt r on (1930, 140).

ev n o, Mu l con d r d h m l n opt m t. in t do n xor bl l w o h tory, tt t n to th x t nc o n

ar tot l n F r t C u , h w only ch n o c rcum t nc ,ch l nk o wh ch m ht ju t w ll h v b n om th n

l (1922, 118). and t turn out th t our nn rmo t b ndo not d n l rom th pupp t tr n o om hob obl n o

t , but on th contr ry th t w r dr p d w th mult tudo m ll, h ph z rdly l nk d w ht , th n w our lv c n t pth c l (122). H tory t n mot on by tr f n c u (1930, 391).

in ct on, on o th w to h v b n Ulr ch h m l ,n lly know n , work n , b n ct v w thout llu on ,11 compo n orThe Man Without Qualities n a t rword on lob lpol t c . in t w h v Mu l nt c p t on o po tw r worldh d d not l v to : e t-W t ho t l ty, th ch n n couro cultur l h tory, th Cold W r (1978, 1756, 176970). Th

p lo u w to cl r y th tory v lu or pr nt nd uturn r t on (1770).

But Mu l t th nd prov d un bl to wr t Ulr ch, t up-po d uthor, nto h tory. To om xt nt, th nov l t h d n-d vor d to comb t th mou work nh b t on th t m d h mth procr t n tor o mod rn l t r tur (Cor no 1973, 214).H h d ou ht r l by con ult n r t th cl ct c n ly t OttoPtzl nd th n Hu o Lukc , n dh r nt o adl r ind v du lP ycholo y, wh ch tr d r t on l l -h lp nd l - n lyby th p t nt. D pth p ycholo y w ch w d. D p t Mu ll n r n u p c on th t h block r qu r d p ycho n lyt ctr tm nt, h ju t d mor cur ory ppro ch by d cl r nth t h h d r pr d noth n ; h nc h could not b u r n

rom th op r t on o uncon c ou m ch n m (Cor no 2003,98586). H thu r j ct d wh t Fr ud h d n th r t t
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