A

Project Study Report

On

“INVESTORS ATTITUDE TOWARDSPRIMARY MARKET”

Undertaken at

Submitted to the

International School of Informatics & Management(Affiliated to Rajasthan Technical University)

the partial fulfillment of the degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION(2010-2012)

Submitted To: Submitted By:Ms. Tripti Bisawa Ronak Agrawal

MBA 4th Semester

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project comes out to be a great source of learning and

experience. Lot of efforts has been put by various people to make this

project a success. This has greatly enhanced my knowledge about the vast

field of Investments in small cap and large cap companies.

I gratefully acknowledge my indebtedness to Ms. Tripti Bisawa,

Faculty MBA) for allowing me to undergo a project.

Then I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to Mr. Sushil Jain

(Project guide) for his inspiration and helpful attitude.

Ronak Agrawal

DECLARATION

I do hereby declare that the project report is submitted as partial

fulfillment of the requirement of MBA of International School of

Informatics & Management, Jaipur.

The Project has been done under the guidance of Mr. Sushil Jain, Vinod

Pandey in C-Scheme branch, Jaipur and Ms. Tripti Biswa Faculty guide,

International School of Informatics & Management, Jaipur

No part of this report has not been published or submitted elsewhere for

the fulfillment of any degree or diploma for any institute or university.

Ronak Agrawal

CONTENTS

S. No. Particulars Page No.

1 Executive summary 6

2 Project Details 7

3 Research Objectives 8

4 Research Methodology 9

5 Company Profile 12

6 Literature Review 19

7 Online Trading 23

8 The emergence of online trading in India 28

9 Growth of online trading 47

10 Data Analysis 54

11 Conclusion 66

12 Recommendations 67

13 Industry Relevance 68

14 Learning 69

15 Bibliography 70

16 Questionnaire 71

COMPANY PROFILE

ORGANIZATION HISTORY

Company Profile

Milestones

AR Core Strengths

Management Team

About Anand Rathi

Anand Rathi (AR) is a leading full service securities firm providing the entire gamut of

financial services. The firm, founded in 1994 by Mr. Anand Rathi, today has a pan

India presence as well as an international presence through offices in Dubai and

Bangkok. AR provides a breadth of financial and advisory services including wealth

management, investment banking, corporate advisory, brokerage & distribution of

equities, commodities, mutual funds and insurance, structured products - all of which

are supported by powerful research teams.

The firm's philosophy is entirely client centric, with a clear focus on providing long

term value addition to clients, while maintaining the highest standards of excellence,

ethics and professionalism. The entire firm activities are divided across distinct client

groups: Individuals, Private Clients, Corporate and Institutions and was recently ranked

by Asia Money 2006 poll amongst South Asia's top 5 wealth managers for the ultra-

rich.

In year 2007 Citigroup Venture Capital International joined the group as a financial

partner.

Equity & Derivatives Brokerage

Anand Rathi provides end-to-end equity solutions to institutional and individual

investors. Consistent delivery of high quality advice on individual stocks, sector trends

and investment strategy has established us a competent and reliable research unit across

the country.

Clients can trade through us online on BSE and NSE for both equities and derivatives.

They are supported by dedicated sales & trading teams in our trading desks across the

country. Research and investment ideas can be accessed by clients either through their

designated dealers, email, web or SMS.

Milestones

1994:

Started activities in consulting and Institutional equity sales with staff of 15

1995:

Set up a research desk and empanelled with major institutional investors

1997:

Introduced investment banking businesses

Retail brokerage services launched

1999:

Lead managed first IPO and executed first M & A deal

2001:

Initiated Wealth Management Services

2002:

Retail business expansion recommences with ownership model

2003:

Wealth Management assets cross Rs1500 crores

Insurance broking launched

Launch of Wealth Management services in Dubai

Retail Branch network exceeds 50

2004:

Commodities brokerage and real estate services introduced

Wealth Management assets cross Rs3000crores

Institutional equities business re-launched and senior research team put in place

Retail Branch network expands across 100 locations within India

2005:

Real Estate Private Equity Fund Launched

Retail Branch network expands across 200 locations within India

2006:

AR Middle East, WOS acquires membership of Dubai Gold & Commodity Exchange

(DGCX)

Ranked amongst South Asia's top 5 wealth managers for the ultra-rich by Asia Money

2006 poll

Ranked 6th in FY2006 for All India Broker Performance in equity distribution in the

High Net worth Individuals (HNI) Category

Ranked 9th in the Retail Category having more than 5% market share

Completes its presence in all States across the country with offices at 300+ locations

within India

2007:Citigroup Venture Capital International picks up 19.9% equity stake

Retail customer base crosses 100 thousand

Establishes presence in over 350 locations

AR Core Strengths

Breadth of Services

In line with its client-centric philosophy, the firm offers to its clients the entire

spectrum of financial services ranging from brokerage services in equities and

commodities, distribution of mutual funds, IPO’s and insurance products, real estate,

investment banking, merger and acquisitions, corporate finance and corporate advisory.

Clients deal with a relationship manager who leverages and brings together the product

specialists from across the firm to create an optimum solution to the client needs.

Management Team

AR brings together a highly professional core management team that comprises of

individuals with extensive business as well as industry experience.

In-Depth Research

Our research expertise is at the core of the value proposition that we offer to our clients.

Research teams across the firm continuously track various markets and products. The

aim is however common - to go far deeper than others, to deliver incisive insights and

ideas and be accountable for results.

Management Team

The senior Management comprises a diverse talent pool that brings together rich

experience from across industry as well as financial services.

Mr. Anand Rathi - Group Chairman

Chartered Accountant

Past President, BSE

Held several Senior Management positions with one of India's largest industrial groups

Mr. Pradeep Gupta - Vice Chairman

Plus 17 years of experience in Financial Services

Mr. Amit Rathi - Managing Director

Chartered Accountant & MBA

Plus 11 years of experience in Financial Services

ACQUISITION:

ANZ Grind lays : $ 1.34 bn from

August 2000.

Hong Kong Consumer Bank : $ 1.32 bn

Thailand Nakornthan Bank : $ 320 million

Indonesians Bank Per-Mata : $ 366 million from

Oct. 2004.

Korea First Bank : $ 3.3 bn from Apr.

2005.

Standard Chartered PLC is listed on both the London Stock Exchange and the Stock

Exchange of Hong Kong and is in the top 25 FTSE-100 companies, by market

capitalization. Top 100 companies list, no other bank present except Bank of America’s

position 69th and position of standard chartered bank is 74th.

Offices of ANANDRATHI are in 197 cities across 28 states & it has also branches in

Dubai & Bangkok with more than 44000 employees. It has daily turnover in excess of

Rs.4bn. It has 1, 00,000+ clients nationwide. It is also leading distributor of IPO’s.

In India where ANANDRATHI is present in 21 STATES:

Andhra Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

Delhi

Goa

Gujrat

Haryana

Jammu & Kashmir

Jharkhand

Karnataka

Kerala

Madhya Pradesh

Maharashtra

Orissa

Punjab

Rajasthan

Tamil Nadu

Uttar Pradesh

Uttaranchal

West Bengal

LIST OF PRODUCTS :

Demat Accounts

Mutual Funds

Derivatives

Commodities

Bonds

Trading Account

Insurance

MISSION

To be India's first Multinational providing complete financial services solution across

the globe

VISION

Providing integrated financial care driven by the relationship of trust and confidence.

INTRODUCTION

The past twenty five years have witnessed a process of accelerating change in

the world’s financial markets. Driven by an interacting process of liberalization and

innovation, regulations have been removed, New product have emerged and old

boundaries between financial intermediaries have been blurred.

At the same time, growth of capital markets has posed new challenges to

economic and financial stability.

The role of Indian capital market which is to provide long term resources

required by industries for investment has observed buoyancy in share market with the

liberalization of industries and fiscal policies of the government. Finance, the lie

blood of industry is mobilized especially through New Issue Market or Primary

Market.

The primary market, also called the new issue market, is the market for issuing

new securities. Many companies, especially small and medium scale, enter the

primary market to raise money from the public to expand their businesses. They sell

their securities to the public through an initial public offering. The securities can be

directly bought from the shareholders, which is not the case for the secondary market.

The primary market is a market for new capitals that will be traded over a longer

period.

In the primary market, securities are issued on an exchange basis. The

underwriters, that is, the investment banks, play an important role in this market: they

set the initial price range for a particular share and then supervise the selling of that

share.

Investors can obtain news of upcoming shares only on the primary market.

The issuing firm collects money, which is then used to finance its operations or

expand business, by selling its shares. Before selling a security on the primary market,

the firm must fulfill all the requirements regarding the exchange.

After trading in the primary market the security will then enter the secondary

market, where numerous trades happen every day. The primary market accelerates the

process of capital formation in a country's economy.

The primary market categorically excludes several other new long-term

finance sources, such as loans from financial institutions. Many companies have

entered the primary market to earn profit by converting its capital, which is basically a

private capital, into a public one, releasing securities to the public. This phenomena is

known as "public issue" or "going public."

There are three methods though which securities can be issued on the primary

market: rights issue, Initial Public Offer (IPO), and preferential issue. A company's

new offering is placed on the primary market through an initial public offer.

Meaning of Primary Market

New Issues Market is that part of capital market where dealing exchanges

takes the boundaries de-marketing the financial services are fast eroding. Thanks to

the innovations in the financial services, the movement towards made by existing

companies are known as further issues.

The primary market is that part of the capital markets that deals with the

issuance of new securities. Companies, governments or public sector institutions can

obtain funding through the sale of a new stock or bond issue. This is typically done

through a syndicate of securities dealers. The process of selling new issues to

investors is called underwriting. In the case of a new stock issue, this sale is an initial

public offering (IPO). Dealers earn a commission that is built into the price of the

security offering, though it can be found in the prospectus.

Mutual funds are seemingly the easiest and the least stressful way to invest in

the stock market. Quiet a large amount of money has been invested in mutual funds

during the past few years. Any investor would like to invest in a reputed Mutual Fund

organization. UTI is one such organization that provides a better overview of the

Mutual Fund industry. Understanding the attitude of investors on their investment

would help the company to increase their profits. In UTI they believe that the

investors attitude would result in profits.

Features of primary markets are:

This is the market for new long term equity capital. The primary market is the

market where the securities are sold for the first time. Therefore it is also called

the new issue market (NIM).

In a primary issue, the securities are issued by the company directly to

investors.

The company receives the money and issues new security certificates to the

investors.

Primary issues are used by companies for the purpose of setting up new

business or for expanding or modernizing the existing business.

The primary market performs the crucial function of facilitating capital

formation in the economy.

The new issue market does not include certain other sources of new long term

external finance, such as loans from financial institutions. Borrowers in the new

issue market may be raising capital for converting private capital into public

capital; this is known as "going public."

The financial assets sold can only be redeemed by the original holder.

Primary market

1. Market in which buyers and sellers negotiate and transact business directly,

without any intermediary such as resellers.

2. Financial market in which newly issued securities are offered to the public.

Market

Actual or conceptual place in commercial world where forces of demand and

supply operate, and where buyers and sellers interact (directly or through

intermediaries) to trade goods, services, or contracts or instruments, for money or

barter. Markets include mechanisms or means for (1) determining price of the traded

item, (2) communicating the price information, (3) facilitating deals and transactions,

and (4) effecting distribution. Market for a particular item is made up of existing and

potential customers who need it and have the ability and willingness to pay for it. All

markets, ultimately, consist of people also called marketplace.

Buyer

1. Party which acquires, or agrees to acquire, ownership (in case of goods), or

benefit or usage (in case of services), in exchange for money or other

consideration under a contract of sale also called purchaser.

2. Professional purchaser specializing in a specific group of materials, goods, or

services, and experienced in market analysis, purchase negotiations, bulk

buying, and delivery coordination.

Seller

Entity that makes, or offers or contracts to make, a sale to an actual or

potential buyer. Also called vendor, particularly the one selling a real property.

Negotiation

1. General: Bargaining (give and take) process between two or more parties

(each with its own aims, needs, and viewpoints) seeking to discover a common

ground and reach an agreement to settle a matter of mutual concern or resolve

a conflict.

2. Banking: Accepting or trading a negotiable instrument.

3. Contracting: Use of any method to award a contract other than sealed

bidding.

4. Trading: Process by which a negotiable instrument is transferred from one

party (transferor) to another (transferee) by endorsement or delivery. The

transferee takes the instrument in good faith, for value, and without notice of

any defect in the title of the transferor, and obtains an indefeasible title.

Business

Economic system in which goods and services are exchanged for one another

or money, on the basis of their perceived worth. Every business requires some form of

investment and a sufficient number of customers to whom its output can be sold at

profit on a consistent basis.

Intermediary

Firm or person (such as a broker or consultant) who acts as a mediator on a

link between parties to a business deal, investment decision, negotiation, etc. In

money markets, for example, banks act as intermediaries between depositors seeking

interest income and borrowers seeking debt capital. Intermediaries usually specialize

in specific areas, and serve as a conduit for market and other types of information.

Also called a middleman. See also intermediation.

Reseller

One who buys goods from a manufacturer and resells them to customers

unchanged

Primary Market

The primary market, also called the new issue market, is the market for issuing

new securities. Many companies, especially small and medium scale, enter the

primary market to raise money from the public to expand their businesses. They sell

their securities to the public through an initial public offering. The securities can be

directly bought from the shareholders, which is not the case for the secondary market.

The primary market is a market for new capitals that will be traded over a longer

period.

In the primary market, securities are issued on an exchange basis.

The underwriters, that is, the investment banks, play an important role in this market:

they set the initial price range for a particular share and then supervise the selling of

that share.

Investors can obtain news of upcoming shares only on the primary market.

The issuing firm collects money, which is then used to finance its operations or

expand business, by selling its shares. Before selling a security on the primary market,

the firm must fulfill all the requirements regarding the exchange.

After trading in the primary market the security will then enter the secondary

market, where numerous trades happen every day. The primary market accelerates the

process of capital formation in a country's economy.

The primary market categorically excludes several other new long-term

finance sources, such as loans from financial institutions. Many companies have

entered the primary market to earn profit by converting its capital, which is basically a

private capital, into a public one, releasing securities to the public. This phenomena is

known as "public issue" or "going public."

There are three methods though which securities can be issued on the primary

market: rights issue, Initial Public Offer (IPO), and preferential issue. A company's

new offering is placed on the primary market through an initial public offer.

Recent Developments in Primary Commodity Markets

Since mid-1997 - that is, just before the beginning of the crisis in Thailand s

financial and foreign exchange markets - prices of primary commodities as a group

have fallen by more than 10 percent.(1) These price declines are sufficiently great in

magnitude to have far reaching implications for producers and consumers around the

world.

Effects of the Asian Crisis

To a large degree these price declines are associated with the Asian crisis.

During the early and mid-1990s, consumption of primary commodities in most Asian

developing countries increased at rates much higher than in the rest of the world.

Asian developing countries accounted for about two-thirds of the increase in world

consumption of petroleum products over the period 1992-96, and their share in world

consumption increased from 12 percent to 15 percent. Korea and the ASEAN-4

countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand), in turn, accounted for

about one-half of the increase in consumption of petroleum products in Asian

developing countries, and the share of these five countries in world consumption rose

from 5 percent to 6 1/2 percent. A similar pattern of growth in consumption is

observed for base metals, rubber, coarse grains, oil meals, and fats and oils. For most

of these non-fuel commodities, the share of Asian countries in world consumption in

1996 was much greater than their share in the world consumption of petroleum

products. China's contribution to the growth in the markets for these commodities,

however, has tended to be much greater than that of Korea plus the ASEAN-4.

In the countries most directly affected, the Asian crisis has brought in its wake

much reduced construction activity, much higher import costs in terms of national

currencies, less available credit to finance imports, and, at a minimum, sharp

reductions in demand. These conditions have led to reductions in the rate of growth of

demand, not only in the ASEAN-4 countries and Korea but also, through the spillover

and contagion effects of the crisis, in many other countries in Asia and elsewhere.

Thus certain commodity markets that as recently as mid-1997 were expected to show

a high rate of growth of demand are now facing a period of considerable uncertainty

with regard to demand prospects. Furthermore, for some non-fuel commodities such

as timber, rice, natural rubber, and vegetable oils, the large depreciations of currencies

of the southeast Asian countries may also have had supply effects insofar as they

create incentives to increase exports from current inventories and to increase current

and prospective production.

Effects of Weather

This year weather conditions generally favorable to crop production have also

been an important factor that has tended to weaken the prices of several agricultural

commodities. This seems true notwithstanding the unusual weather patterns in many

parts of the world that have been attributed to El Nino and have received much press

coverage. At least so far, the adverse consequences of El Nino for commodity

production that are sufficiently great to have discernible effects on world prices for

individual commodities have been limited to the fish catches off the west coast of

South America and to palm oil production in southeast Asia. Elsewhere - for example,

in the case of cereal production in southern Africa - El Nino may have reduced

production locally, but the consequence for world prices is not of great importance. In

addition, warmer than usual weather this winter in the Northern Hemisphere has

reduced the demand for heating oil and hence contributed to the downward trend in

the price of petroleum and other energy commodities.

Developments in Specific Markets

The interplay of the Asian crisis and other factors affecting commodity

markets in recent months comes more into focus in a review of developments in

specific primary commodity markets. Price decreases in excess of 10 percent (with

prices measured in terms of SDRs) over the period June 1997 through January 1998

that were in some way associated with the effects of weaker demand from Asian

countries were recorded for nearly one-third of the commodities included in the IMF's

commodity price index. The price declines for five commodities - copper, nickel,

natural rubber, wool, and hides - appear to be associated mainly with the Asian crisis.

The Asian crisis also played an important role, but probably not the predominant role,

in the price declines of four other commodities - crude petroleum, timber, zinc, and

lead. For certain other commodities, such as aluminum, iron ore, meat, maize, and

soybean meal, ...

Problems of Indian Primary Market

There are several problems of the Indian primary market. But these problems

can be overcome too by mere application of simple rules( end of the article). These

remedies have been suggested by experts. Economists attribute these problems to

various factors some of which are highlighted below.

The function of the primary market with respect to the market for IPO or

initial public offering is to see that various companies are provided with opportunities

for the acquisition of growth capital. The primary market has withstood the tests of

time.

Inappropriate allotment of shares:

There are many existing problems of the Indian primary market. Some of the

instances include the inappropriate assignment of shares to the public as was the case

of the ONGC public issues. Due to this there was a lot of confusion among the

investors.

Withdrawal of IPOs:

Another problem lies in the fact that these days, IPOs are increasingly being

withdrawn. An expert has rightly said that there is no point expressing disappointment

in the withdrawal of the IPOs because it may be taken not as an indication of failure

of the company and hence the primary market but it may be considered as a

disagreement of price between the seller and the buyer. The primary markets are

undulating the world over. The incidents occurring in the primary markets are

reflections of what is actually happening in the secondary markets. It was fathomed

that the IPOs, which were lately taken back had very "aggressive" price bands. The

price bands could have been aligned as per existing conditions of the market. The lead

managers responsible for the IPOs may also be blamed for the catastrophe. Few are of

the opinion that lack of judgment may have led to the withdrawal. "Investors fatigue"

is being accounted for in the withdrawals.

"Cornering" of shares:

Recently, there was an instance when investors "cornered" shares, which were

to be alloted to the public. The investor was actually a big investor who camouflaged

as a small investor cornered many shares.

The most important factor shaping in today's global economy is the process of

globalization. Indian companies are moving in search of low-cast markets, technology

is driving growth in production and competition is becoming more intense. A second

factor is the fastest growth in private capital flows, mainly short-term flows by banks

and financial institutions, portfolio flows by mutual funds and pension funds and

foreign direct investment into India. A third factor is the increasing share of India and

other emerging market economies in world trade.

The outburst in communication technology has led to greater integration of

Indian financial markets across the world. The impact of these changes could be felt

from the extremely buoyant activity in Indian stock markets. A number of foreign

financial service providers have entered into the Indian financial market like Morgan

Stanley, Templeton, and Goldman Sachs. Currently FII investment is at $ 6.5 Billion

compared to $ 2 Billion in 2001. The stock market is booming with Sensex hovering

around 16000-17000. SEBI has put in place appropriate guidelines and controls to

regulate the markets in tune with the changing environment and attendant risks. All

this is happening because of large amounts of investment in the country.

People often invest in various asset classes to:

* To beat Inflation

* To fund future needs

* To meet contingencies

* To maintain same standard of living after retirement

All these factors matters a lot to the investors and the mutual fund route is one way

through which people can meet these needs.

Free economies are generally characterized to have financial markets to serve

as channels through which the savings of the society are made available to business

enterprises. Such financial markets may be classified as (1) Capital market, and (2)

Money market where the former refers to the market mechanism which envisages

institutional arrangements for marketing of long term and equity claims such as equity

shares, preference shares, debentures, bonds, etc., while the latter refers to the market

mechanism which concerns with floating of liquid funds and their short term uses in

trade and industry through the banking system.

The capital market which concerns with demand and supply of long term

funds is again dichotomized as primary or new issue market and secondary or stock

market where the former deals with new securities offered to the investing pubic,

while the latter deals with the existing securities. The joint stock companies raise

funds from new issue markets but such new issue are also listed with stock markets

which provide them a regular market, ensure regular valuation of and stability in

prices of such securities, assure safety in dealings of the securities, channelise funds

in the desired direction and ensure wider ownership of the securities.

The stock exchanges are, thus, primarily concerned with providing

marketability to the existing securities but these also activate the new issue markets

which serve as primary source of funds to the industrial enterprises for their new

projects or for expansion, diversification or modernization of existing ones. Both the

primary and the secondary markets are integral parts of the capital market and are

susceptible to common influences. Public responses are generally encouraging in the

new issue market when there is boom in the stock market and vice versa. Similarly,

the secondary market is very sensitive to the impact of development in the country

and the same is transmitted to the new issue market.

New issues include ‘initial issues’ as well as ‘further issue’ where the former

refers to the securities issued buy the companies for the first time either on

incorporation or on conversion from private to public company while the latter refers

to the new issues floated by existing companies which needed funds for expansion/

diversification/ modernization. The initial and further issues may be combined under

new money issue which refer to the issues for mobilization of new money for the

corporate enterprises and there can be no new money issue which include

bonus/capitalization issues and exchange issues where the former results from the

capitalization to retained earnings enabling existing shareholders get new shares

without paying and the latter results from conversion of private company into public,

amalgamation, merger and equity dilution by FERA companies.

INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS (IPO)

A corporate may raise capital in the primary market by way of an initial public

offer, rights issue or private placement. An Initial Public Offer (IPO) is the selling of

securities to the public in the primary market. It is the largest source of funds with

long or indefinite maturity for the company.

IPO Stocks: When the company wants to release their shares into the market for the

first time, they will invite the public to participate in an exercise called the IPO (Initial

Public Offering). This is when you see people filling in application forms and buying

bank drafts to purchase the company's shares (some countries do it electronically).

Some call it "applying for new shares".

Prices when applying for new shares are always much cheaper than what it

should be listed in the market later. However, if it is a very attractive company, there

will be more people who will participate in the IPO exercise and the draw-lots method

will be used to determine who will be allocated the shares.

Then, after the first stage, the company's shares will be listed in the stock

market. That is when if you have managed to purchase the shares during the IPO

offering, you will be able to sell them into the market to buyers who want a part of

these shares. Buying stocks through applying for IPO shares in general is always a

safer method of investing in the stock market as most companies price them

attractively.

FUNCTIONARIES OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFER

The functionaries in IPO are those concerned with the formation of joint stock

companies and the issue of their securities to the public. Public issue is essentially an

exercise involving active participation of a number of agencies. At earlier stages it

was sole effort on the part of the company and its personnel.

However with the growth of the number of public issues and the complexities

in the efforts involved, it has now become necessary to enlist active participation and

support of a number of agencies in making any public issue a success. The promoter,

as a principal representative of the company which is making the public issue, should

be clear in his mind about the number of agencies involved and their respective roles

in the entire exercise so as to be able to coordinate effectively the efforts of these

agencies. These functionaries are:

Promoters

Modern industrial enterprises require large amounts of capital which can only

be raised by resorting to the joint stock company is done by company promoters and

syndicates. It is the promoter who is responsible for conception or discovery of the

idea to exploit the possibility of some industrial proposition. He has to work up

details, formulate the financial plan, which he usually does with the help of an issue

house and finally he has to put his proposition into active operation. The work of the

promoter entails difficulties and risks and sometimes he has to stake his whole fortune

and reputation in order to make the venture a success. Prior to founding the company

a lot of expenditure has to be incurred by the promoter on employment of engineers,

technical and other experts. In case the company is successfully established and

investors come forth to take up its shares, the promoter is duly rewarded, otherwise he

stands to lose not only his money he had sunk in the venture but his reputation as

well.

The promoter, if he is well endowed financially, will work alone, but in the

case of projects of large dimensions he usually form a syndicate. All members of the

syndicate work up the possibilities of the proposition and undertake the investigation

and examination of the scheme. It may be turned over to the technical staff employed

and on its favorable report the formulation of the financial plan will be taken up by

the financial experts who are supposed to be well conversant with the conditions in

the capital market. After completing the financial plan, the work of drawing up the

prospectus, the memorandum of association and articles of association for the formal

incorporation as a company is proceeded with. After all the formalities are completed,

the new company is ready to be launched and its issue is to be placed before the

public.

Managers to the issue

These persons are actively associated in the selection of various agencies

involved with new issue planning the timing of the issue, strategies to be adopted by

way of publicity and marketing of the issue, etc. they advise the company on selection

of the registrars to the issue, underwriters, brokers and bankers to the issue,

advertising agents, printer etc. and also give a sense of direction to the various

agencies involved in the entire issue. Besides, the other activities mainly performed

buy them are drafting of prospectus, preparing project profiles for underwriters,

preparing budget of expenses, suggesting the appropriate timings for the public issue,

assisting in marketing the public issue successfully, etc. there are a number of

agencies specializing in the role of managers to the issue. These merchant banking

divisions of some all India financial institutions, subsidiaries of commercial banks and

also some private agencies where traditional stock brokers have graduated into

providing specialized merchant banking services.

SEBI has made the registration of merchant bankers compulsory to ensure that

only professionals with requisite qualification and financial background enter into the

job. These MBs are classified into four categories where the first category MBs must

have a minimum net worth of Rs. 100 lacs and can undertake all activities of issue

management (preparation of prospectus, determining financial structure, final

allotment and refund of subscription) portfolio management, underwriting, consultant

or advisers in the issue. The second categories of MBs must have a minimum net

worth of Rs. 50 lacs and can undertake all activities except issue management. The

third categories of MBs must have a minimum net worth of Rs.20 lacs and can

undertake works of underwriter, adviser and consultant while there is no minimum net

worth requirement for fourth category of MBs but they can function as adviser or

consultant only.

Registrars

The registrars sometimes, also called the ‘issue house’ are responsible

normally for receiving the share applications from the various collection centers

through controlling branches of bankers to the issue, analyzing them, recommending

the basis of allotment in consultation with the managers to the regional stock

exchange for approval arranging for dispatch of allotment letters and preparing the

register of members, etc. their job normally starts with the opening of the subscription

list, and continues till the share certificates are dispatched, and register of members

along with other related registers/details are handed over to the company. Sometimes,

the registrars to issue continue their association with the company in the role of share

transfer agents, even after the issue is completed.

Underwriters

The underwriters are the people who actually ensure that the company is able

to raise the capital issued by it for a commission charged by them. They make a

commitment to get the issue subscribed either by others or themselves. Usually the

underwriters can be divided into two categories, namely, financial institutions and

banks, on the one hand, and broker underwriters and approved investment

companies/trust, on the other.

Brokers

These are the people who actually bring the prospective investors and the

company together. It may not be an exaggeration to state that the success or failure of

a public issue depends to large extent on the reaction of the brokers. Generally, they

are the members of recognized stock exchanges, with a view to providing better and

professional services to investing public and to promote development of capital

market on healthy lines, the government has since allowed multiple membership to

members of stock exchanges and accorded recognition to corporate entities and the

financial institutions including subsidiaries of the banks.

Bankers

These are the commercial banks, which will receive the application money

along with the share application forms from the prospective investors. Depending

upon the size of the issue, at least 4 or 5 banks are designated as bankers to the issue.

Different branches of these banks are named at various locations where such

application money is accepted. These collecting branches send the application forms

and the money received by them to specified branch, where the details of the

application are consolidated. Such specified branch of the banker to the issue is called

‘controlling branch’/ the controlling branch is usually selected in the city where the

managers to the issue/registrars to the issue/registered office of the company is

situated. However, it is not necessary that controlling branch should be at a place

where the managers to the issue/ registrars to the issue/registered office of the

company is situated.

Publicity and advertising agents

Public issue is an effort to motivate and persuade members of the public to

invest in the shares of the company. It is, therefore, essential that the general public is

made aware of the company, its activities, its plans for future, etc. it is of vital

importance that publicity is given before the public issue by giving newspaper and TV

advertisements. Press releases, press conference, leaflets and brochures, hoardings

and posters and even audio visual shows are the usual media of publicity used for

public issue. There are some advertising agencies, which specialize in financial

advertising and publicity campaign for public issues.

Financial institutions

Term lending financial institutions at the time of sanctioning underwriting

support loans to the company, usually stipulate that the draft of the prospectus and

also the proposed program for public issue is approved by them.

The three principal all India financial institutions are the IDBI, IFCI and

ICICI. Even when all the three institutions jointly finance a project under their

participating finance scheme, one of them is generally chosen as the lead financials

institution which acts on behalf of the other two. Hence, it is generally adequate if the

company obtains the necessary approval from the regional office of the lead

institution only. In some cases where other institutions like the LIC, GIC, UTI, etc.

have also given financial assistance, it might be necessary to seek separate approvals

from them, if insisted for. But generally an advance copy of the draft prospectus is

sent to them with a request forward their comments, if any, direct to lead institution.

Other Agencies

In addition, the company will also have a interaction with other agencies like

auditors, legal advisors, taxation or technical experts whose names or statements are

mentioned or quoted in the prospectus.

Government/Statutory Agencies

Besides the various agencies which are directly connected with a public issue

whose efforts will have to be coordinated by the company, there are some

statutory/government agencies that are connected with public issue. These are: (1)

SEBI which provides guidelines for public issue, (2) registrar of the companies with

whom the prospectus has to the filed and registered before the public issue under

section 60 of the companies act, 1956, (3) reserve bank of India from whom necessary

permission has to be obtained for non resident investment, of any in the company, (4)

the stock exchanges where the company’s share are to be listed (5 industrial licensing

authorities for necessary industrial license to be obtained for the project or other

statutory bodies like DGTD etc. with whom the capacity of the project has to be

registered, and (6) pollution control authorities and other local authorities from whom

the clearance may have to be obtained and such clearance is referred to in the

prospectus.

A NEW CONCEPT OF IPO MARKET—BOOK BUILDING

SEBI guidelines defines Book Building as "a process undertaken by which a

demand for the securities proposed to be issued by a body corporate is elicited and

built-up and the price for such securities is assessed for the determination of the

quantum of such securities to be issued by means of a notice, circular, advertisement,

document or information memoranda or offer document".

Book Building is basically a process used in Initial Public Offer (IPO) for

efficient price discovery. It is a mechanism where, during the period for which the

IPO is open, bids are collected from investors at various prices, which are above or

equal to the floor price. The offer price is determined after the bid closing date.

As per SEBI guidelines, an issuer company can issue securities to the public

though prospectus in the following manner:

1. 100% of the net offer to the public through book building process

2. 75% of the net offer to the public through book building process and 25% at

the price determined through book building. The Fixed Price portion is

conducted like a normal public issue after the Book Built portion, during

which the issue price is determined.

The concept of Book Building is relatively new in India. However it is a common

practice in most developed countries.

Difference between Book Building and Public Issue

In Book Building securities are offered at prices above or equal to the floor prices,

whereas securities are offered at a fixed price in case of a public issue. In case of

Book Building, the demand can be known everyday as the book is built. But in case of

the public issue the demand is known at the close of the issue.

The book building process:

The company approaches lead manager for IPO

The company and lead manager suggest a price band at which shares are to be offered

Application are invited

Based on demand for the shares a certain price is established by promoters and the lead manger

The allotment is made on the basis of the market clearance price

Post issue the price stabilization is undertaken by the lead manager.

WHAT SEBI DID TO ENCOURAGE RETAIL INVESTOR

SEBI has announced a series of measures to encourage retail participation in

the primary market. This is perhaps the first instance where the market regulator has

got the timing of reform measures spot on.

Coming close on the heels of the hugely successful Maruti IPO, these

measures should arouse retail interest in some of the big public offers expected in the

near future — BPCL, Idea Cellular, TCS and Nalco. The principle of these changes

seems to be that greater participation of retail investors in the primary market is

possible only when they have a reasonable chance of making gains, certainly not the

case earlier. To enable such participation, Sebi has adopted a two-fold approach. First,

the market watchdog has made sure that retail investors actually get an allotment in

book-built IPOs. Hence, the 10% increase in the allocation for retail investors. But

more significant is the change in the definition of what constitutes retail — from those

applying for up to 1,000 shares to applications for shares worth Rs 50,000 or less.

This would ensure that ‘retail’ is truly retail. Take the i-flex IPO, priced at Rs 530 a

share. An application for 1,000 shares entailing investment of Rs 5.3 lakh would have

qualified for the retail category. Second, to ensure some quality, the regulator has

introduced the concept of net tangible asset, making certain that issuing company has

some pre-IPO history. Additionally, to discourage fancy ideas being sold to public

and subsequently abandoned (plantation schemes), issuers have been asked to tie-up

funds for a project before the issue. Of course, willful defaulters have been barred.

Lastly, to fix accountability, the CEOs or the CFOs of the issuing company would

have to certify disclosures in the offer document.

These measures should translate into higher allotment for retail investors and

keep a check on the quality of issuers as well. The decision to disallow withdrawal of

bids by institutional investors and the shift to price band instead of a floor price will

prevent manipulation in pricing and subscription, both inimical to retail interest while

the availability of a ‘green shoe’ option should deliver price stability post listing in the

case of over subscription. Beyond this, there is precious little a regulator can do. The

rest is upto the market and investors.

HOW TO BE WATCH FUL OF IPO BOOM

The Indian capital market is on the verge of an unprecedented IPO boom.

Reports emanating from the office of the Securities and Exchange board of India

clearly indicate that the year 2004 is all set to emerge as a record breaking year for

initial public offer as over 600 companies big, medium as well as small are planning

to raise a whopping sum of Rs. 60,000 crore! Interestingly, it had taken 15 years for

over 5,600 companies to raise this amount! The 2004 performance will, thus, be a

historical feat in the realm of the Indian capital market.

Of course, the IPO market was literally comatose for the last six years after the

previous five-year (1992-96) boom period when about 5,000 companies had raise

around Rs 45,000 crore! At least one third of this amount has vanished into thin air as

several cheaters, unscrupulous businessmen belonging to select industrial groups and

fly by night operators had palmed off worthless scrap papers in the name of share

certificates to millions of hapless investors. The watchdog could not see in which

direction the promoters fled after downing the shutters of their companies and stock

exchange authorities took easiest route to forget about the fraud by de-listing the

shares of these companies. And the poor investors are still burdened with these

worthless papers, originally valued at millions of rupees.

This body blow was enough to disenchant the investing public from the new

issue market which wore a deserted look for the last six years. But now that business

activity has picked up, economy is on the path of rapid growth and wheels of

industries have started running at a fast pace, the new issue market is showing some

activity once again. On the one side, the government is in dire need of funds to meet

its budgetary plans and, for this, disinvestments of PSU offers the easiest route. And

on the other hand, with business activity picking up, there is need for larger

production of industrial and consumer goods, which, in turn, needs funds for

expansion and setting up new plants. At he same time, as interest rates on various

instruments of saving have come down drastically and equities have emerged as more

remunerative avenue for investment, the public is willing to go for equities. The

buoyancy in the stock market has further aided this trend.

Taking advantage of this favorable climate, over 600 companies have planned

to come out with issues to raise over Rs 60,000 crore. It is almost certain that cheaters

and looters among businessmen will once again be at their game mopping up funds

through bad or bogus issues. Lured by hefty fees and heftier out of pocket expanses,

merchant bankers will also try to hard sell these shares. The capital market watchdog,

SEBI has already washed its hands of any say in it by declaring that “SEBI does not

take any responsibility either for the financial soundness of any scheme or the project

for which the issues are proposed to be made or for the correctness of the statements

made or opinion expressed in the offer document”.

The SEBI ‘clarification’ raises a pertinent question: have we moved forward

or backward from the controller of capital issues days in investor protection? By and

large, merchant bankers are more interested in their fees rather than in the quality of

the issues. Can you rely on analysts? Just recall the paeans they had sung on issues

which shook the very foundation of a giant institution like UTI

The best thing for investors to do to ensure that thy are not cheated in this IPO

boom, is to follow the following evaluation process

THE EVALUATION PROCESS

Backed by aggressive merchant bankers, the pink papers, and gung ho TV

channels. Rs. 40,000 crore is hard to resist. But don’t forget that your personal rs 4000

are as valuable to you as it will be with a couple of zeroes more. Before you jump on

to the bandwagon. Do your homework. Its not easy to analyze the performance even

of al listed company that has been around for a while and has a record of market

performance; for a company making an initial public offer, this analysis is rather more

difficult. But some point to be considered are as follows

THE BUSINESS

Make sure you understand the company’s business. The attempt should be to

understand the long-term sustainable advantage of the business and the company’s

position in it. The prospectus has a section dedicated for such information and this is a

must read. A voluminous offer document can seem daunting but if you focus on the

key aspects, it gets less tedious. Study the document to understand product portfolio,

competitive strengths, new business initiatives and strategy, regulations and so on.

THE COMPANY

Next, choose companies with leadership positions. Three successful recent

issues have been Maruti, TV today and Patni computers. Maruti is an industry leader

and the largest passenger car manufacturer in India with a diverse product portfolio,

which includes 10 basic models with over 50 variants. In 2003, Maruti’s share stood

at 54.6 percent; the balance was divided among nine other manufacturers. Similarly,

TV Today is India’s leading news broadcaster and Patni computer is India’s largest IT

services company.

THE PROMOTER

An old business adage says, ”it’s better to have an ‘a’ team with a ‘c’ team

with an ‘a’ product, and even better to have an ‘a’ team with a ‘a’ product.” After all

it’s people who run the business. Hence, it’s important to focus on the credentials of

the promoter and key management figures. Invest in companies with a proven

management track record, since it’s the management philosophy and ability that

determines attitude towards minority shareholders and the likely success of a venture.

For instance, the promoters of Indraprastha gas and Maruti have proven management

credentials. On the other hand, there’s a Tips industry, where there were allegations

against one to the promoters in the Gulshan Kumar murder case such issues are best

avoided.

THE LOCK IN

During an IPO, the underwriter makes the company’s key shareholders sign a

lock-in agreement. The agreement is legally binding on the promoters and other key

shareholders, prohibiting them from selling their shares for a specified period of time.

The inevitable supply overhang when these previously restricted investors are

permitted to sell shares can put downward pressure on the stock price. For example, in

Patni computers, the lock in period for key promoters is three years, but for general

Atlantic, a foreign venture capital investor holding 28.3 percent of outstanding shares,

the lock in period is 180 days from listing.

THE FINANCES

A good management and a sound business model count, but what matters most

is performance. Check for consistency in revenue and profit growth and margins for at

least three years before the IPO. Also, check if the company has an overly high debt

equity ratio, or carries contingent liabilities, or has disputed tax claims, or faces

litigation in short, factors bearing on the company’s operations and results.

THE RISK

This is the most relevant part of the offer document. Although the offer

document is tailor made to sell the issue, the risk factors help you get a fair idea of the

impact of such risks on the company’s operations. For example, in the case of Bharti

Televenture the biggest risk came from regulations governing Indian telecom.

Increased competition in cellular services, unrestricted competition in fixed line

services and the decision to allow fixed line operators to provide limited mobility

using WLL were some of the risks at the time of the IPO.

THE OBJECTS

In bull markets, price increases defy fundamentals, and companies are prone

to capitalize on this sentiment to raise money. If you study the objects of the issue,

you will be able to weed out the chaff. For example, if the money is being raised to

repay loans or to provide and exit option to existing investors investigate. If the

business is doing well, the company should not need to raise fresh capital to repay its

debt.

However, a proceeds of the issue going towards research, marketing, or

capacity expansion paints a better picture. Companies like Bharti and Divi’s have

used the funds raised to create infrastructure, which will drive growth for these

companies in future. On the other hand, BAG films had earmarked 60 percent of he

issue proceeds towards production to feature films, which exposes it to significant

risks considering that film production is not a safe business, especially when the

company does not have prior experience in it.

THE FINE PRINT

Often, the most critical bits of information on a company’s financial health are

buried in the prospectus. Expect the red flags, in particular, to be lost in acres of fine

print. For example, BAG films converted its 14 percent fully convertible debentures

and accumulated interest into equity shares and issued them to UTI and IDBI at a 10

percent discount to the issue price at Rs. 9 per share.

Rarely, some good news also gets buried and goes unnoticed. The discounts

and royalty waivers by Suzuki to Maruti, for instance, will result in savings of over

Rs.80 crore, which will directly flow to the bottom line. This means Maruti’s Rs.146

crore net profit in 2003 will get a boost of 40 percent by just this little clause.

THE PRICE

The pricing of the issue determines the demand for the stock. Although issues

are usually attractively priced to attract investors, benchmarking it with valuations of

comparable listed companies is a good idea. This will give you a sense o f the relative

attractiveness of the issue and scope for appreciation. For valuation purposes,

compare the company’s profit margins, capital efficiency, price earning ratio and

other financial parameters with that of similar payers. For example, Patni scores high

on the valuation front but low on performances parameters like operating margins.

THE HYPE

Given that there is only one IPO for a company, they are often presented as

not to be missed opportunity and much hype is created by lead managers and brokers

to get as much attention as possible. Remember that it is their business to make clients

buy and sell stocks. Our advice: don’t buy stocks just because they are making a debut

in the market.

THE BROKER

The lead manager’s track record is as important as that of the company’s.

History suggests that the best merchant bankers usually undertake some due diligence

before associating themselves with an issue. Since business fortunes of merchant

bankers depend on their track record, there is more reason for them to handle only

quality issues. Look for known lead managers like Kotak investment, SBI capital

markets, DSP Merill lynch, Enam, JM Morgan. Be wary of smaller investment banks

that may be willing to make any company public.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research methodology for the project completed in two phases:

First Phase is the collection of Secondary Data:

This involves the collection of Secondary data using internet and internal sources

for comparison of Online trading account of other Broking houses in the market like

SBI Capital Securities, MOTILAL Oswal, Religare and Reliance Money etc. This also

involves talking to their executives regarding various features provided to the customer

along with their Brokerage structure.

Second Phase is Collection of Primary Data and Analysis:

After collecting the Secondary data the next phase will be collection of primary

data using Questionnaires. The questionnaire will be filled by around 100 people who

will be mainly from Jaipur. The sample will consist of people who are employed or

work as free lancers dealing in investment options to know their financial requirements.

Based on these requirements different investments will be informed to them for further

perusal. The data collected will be then entered into MS-excel for analysis of the data

collected.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Non probability

The non–probability respondents have been researched by selecting the persons

who do the stock trading. Those persons who do not trade in stocks have not been

interviewed.

Exploratory and descriptive research

The research is primarily both exploratory and descriptive in nature. The sources of

information are both primary and secondary. The secondary data has been taken by

referring to various magazines, newspapers, internal sources and internet to get the

figures required for the research purposes. The objective of the exploratory research is

to gain insights and ideas. The objective of the descriptive research study is typically

concerned with determining the frequency with which something occurs. A well

structured questionnaire was prepared for the primary research and personal interviews

were conducted to collect the responses of the target population.

SAMPLING METHODOLOGY

Sampling Technique

Initially, a rough draft was prepared a pilot study was done to check the accuracy

of the Questionnaire and certain changes were done to prepare the final questionnaire to

make it more judgmental.

Sampling Unit

The respondents who were asked to fill out the questionnaire in the National

Capital Region are the sampling units. These respondents comprise of the persons

dealing in stock trading. The people have been interviewed in the open market, in front

of the companies, telephonic interviews and through other sources also.

Sample Size

The sample size was restricted to only 180 respondents.

Sampling Area

The area of the research was Jaipur.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The various limitations of the study are:

People were not willing to fill the entire questionnaire due to the less time

available to them.

Some respondents might be hesitant to divulge personal and financial information

which can affect the validity of all responses.

There is lack of awareness among people about investing in stock market. So the

people who are aware of such things were found in specific areas for survey

purposes.

Most people are comfortable with traditional system in small towns and like to

trade from their respective brokers, hence not providing a true opinion of theirs.

Some of the respondents who did not do online trading were able to respond to

only few questions.

The survey was done in the Jaipur region and may not truly express the opinion

of whole country.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The following are the other ancillary objectives:

To know about the perception of primary market.

To know about the risk of primary market.

To study about the regular return.

To study how to earn more liquidity.

To study the safety of investment.

To find out the important factor which do mostly affect to the customer

To develop a good strategy and process that improves the business of the

organization

To be able to compare and analyze the various Financial Products

Business development and revenue generation

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Q.1 Which age group do you belong?

Age Group No. of Respondents

18-30 14

30-45 89

45-55 58

Above 55 19

Analysis:The above diagram shows that 14 respondents were from 18 to 30 age group, 89

respondents were from 30 to 45 age group, 58 respondents were 45 to 55 age group and 19 respondents were from above 55 age group.

2) Have you ever invested in stock market?

Invested in Stock Market No. of Respondents

Yes 150

No 30

Analysis:The above diagram shows that 150 respondents said that they are invested in the

stock market and 30 respondents said that they did not invest in the stock market.

Q3) If yes, in which type of market?

Type of Market No. of Respondents

Primary 100

Secondary 30

Both 20

Analysis:The above diagram depicts that 100 respondents said that they invest in primary

market, 30 respondents said that they invest in secondary market and 20 respondents said that they invest in both markets i.e. primary as well as secondary.

Q4) What is the source of information regarding primary market?

Source of Information No. of Respondents

News 16

Broker 89

TV 6

Internet 2

Any Other 7

Analysis:The above diagram shows that 89 respondents i.e. maximum from total 120

respondents said that they got the knowledge from their brokers, 16 respondents said that they got knowledge about primary market from News/newspaper, 6 respondents got information through TV, 2 from Internet and 7 respondents said any other sources for information.

Q5) In which of the following you would like to invest your money?

Like to Invest No. of Respondents

Private Co. 43

Govt. Co. 18

Semi Govt. 37

Any Other 22

Analysis:The above diagram depicts that 43 respondents said that they like to invest in

Private companies, 18 respondents said Govt. companies, 37 respondents said they like to invest in Semi-Govt. companies and 22 respondents said they like to invest in any other companies.

Q6) How much % of your income you invest yearly?

%age of Income Invest No.of Respondents

0-20% 49

20-35% 32

35-50% 29

Above 50% 10

Analysis:The above diagram shows that 49 respondents said that they invest upto 20% of

their income in primary market, 32 respondents said that they invest upto 20% to 35% of their income, 29% respondents said they like to invest in 35% to 50% of their income, and 10 respondents said that they invest above 50% of their income in primary market.

Q7) In which sector you like the invest the money?

Investment Sector No. of Respondents

Insurance 16

Infrastructure 48

Telecom 33

IT Sector 23

Any Other 10

Analysis:The above diagram shows that 16 respondents said that they invest in insurance

sector, 48 respondents said they invest in Infrastructure sector, 33 respondents said that they invest in Telecom sector, 23 respondents said that they invest in IT sector and 10 respondents said that they invest in any other sectors.

Q8) How much is your portfolio?

Portfolio No.of Respondents

Rs.10000 to 50000 41

Rs.50000 to 1 Lac 58

Above Rs.1 Lac 21

Analysis:The above diagram shows that 41 respondents said that their yearly portfolio has

been between Rs.10000 to 50000, 58 respondents said that their yearly portfolio has been between Rs.50000 to 1 Lac and 21 respondents said that their yearly portfolio has been above Rs. 1 Lac.

Q9) For how much period you would prefer to invest?

Investment Time No. of Respondents

Short Term 96

Long Term 24

Analysis:The above diagram shows that 96 respondents said that they invest for short time

and 24 respondents said that they invest for long term.

Q10) Investing in primary market is risky or not?

Risky Investment No. of Respondents

Yes 26

No 94

Analysis:The above diagram shows that 78% respondents i.e. 94 said that primary market

investment is risky and 22% respondents i.e. 26 said that primary market investment is not risky.

Q11) If yes, then how much risky in this?

Risk No. of Respondents

Highly 6

Moderately 2

Lower 18

Analysis:The above diagram shows that 6 respondents said that primary market is highly risky,

2 respondents said moderately risky and 18 respondents said primary market is risky but not highly or moderately.

Q12) How much return has been earned from primary market?

%age of Return No. of Respondents

10-50% 63

50-100% 31

100-150% 18

150-200% 8

Analysis:The above diagram shows that 63 respondents said that they earn 10-50%

return from their primary market investments, 31 respondents earn 50-100% return, 18 respondents earn 100 to 150% return and 8 respondents said that they earn between 150 to 200% return from primary market.

Q.13 What criteria you used to invest in any IPO?

Criteria for Invest No. of Respondents

Past Experience 29

Company Results 59

Any Other 32

Analysis:The above diagram shows that 29 respondents said that they use their past

experience for new investment into primary market, 59 respondents said they watch current results of companies in which they want to invest and 32 respondents said they watch other things whenever they go for investment in primary market.

Q.14 From where you get to know about these criteria?

Knowledge about Criteria No. of Respondents

Share Broker 87

Newspaper 25

Magazine 8

Analysis:

The above diagram shows that 87 respondents said that know about their criteria

from their Share brokers, 25 respondents said they got knowledge from Newspapers and 8

respondents said they got knowledge from Magazines.

FINDINGS

Most of respondents said that they are invested in the stock market and few of

them said that they did not invest in the stock market.

Maximum respondents said that they got the knowledge from their brokers, &

some of them said that they got knowledge about primary market from

News/newspaper & very few respondents got information through TV from

Internet and any other sources for information.

Retail investor divert their fund from the banking system to the primary

market. As the interest rate of saving account deposit decreased very much.

Most of respondents said that they invest less portion of their income in

primary market. Very few investors like to invest major portion of their income in

primary market.

Respondents view is that primary market investment is risky. So there is a fear

in the mind of respondents about to invest in primary market.

The study shows that maximum respondents among the sample respondents

are getting information related to the different services from the agents. It implies

that most powerful source of information about services is an agent.

There is a need to bring awareness among the general public about primary

market.

SUGGESTIONS

On the basis of the Market survey conducted has put very interesting findings in

the Market. The very first suggestion to the investor is that the best thing for the

investors to do to ensure that they are not cheated in this IPO boom, is to study the

prospectus themselves, read various comments and take their own decision. Investors

have to beware as all those who are keen to grab a piece of the cake of the impending

IPO boom, are doing so at their cost. Keep in mind three P’s before investing in any

IPO & Three P’s are

Promoter

Performance

Price

The next best suggestion to the investor is that they should be steer

clear of IPO’s from lesser known industry and focus on offerings by well known

industry leader with quality management and strong financials.

The investor should not follow the IPO boom blindly as they can get

cheated as they during nineties IPO fiasco.

The companies should make regular contact with his customer through

his marketing executives. This would not only help in strengthening the business

relation but would also help in taking proper feedback of their products.

The majority of customers are price conscious so they should improve

or decrease their price/commission rate.

The companies should concentrate more on the sale promotion

activities through different media.

The market is not well aware of the product line of the companies, so

companies should give full information of there product line to the investors.

In corporate and institutions, people are looking for better service. So

by providing this it can gain the big reach its break even as soon as possible and

can earn profit from there.

Customers get dissatisfied very soon. So they must be supported by a

good customer care unit. They need care and by providing that a long customer-

organization relationship can be built.

CONCLUSION

This project is based on the study of “Investors attitude towards primary

market”. In the today scenario it’s very important to study the customer’s

psychological behaviour regarding the various services provided by them.

In the end, I conclude that investor should not invest their hard earned money

blindly in the IPO’s but they should invest their money by taking different safeguards

like understand the company business, who its promoter are, how is its management,

its risk factor and pricing of the issue etc.

Although there is SEBI to protect the investor but he company which follow

the legal binding of the SEBI is not fool proof that the company is a good one.

It has been concluded that on the one hand the customers are somewhat

satisfied but on the other hand, still some improvements are required. So, the broking

companies segment is flooded with the new schemes from new & existing players and

moreover, lot many schemes are waiting to hit the ramp in the coming years.

The main reason behind people not wanting to have investing of a particular

company is the lack of proper information. Moreover, people don’t want to come

out of cocoon of their seemingly uncomplicated life. They seem satisfied with

their old ways and are wary of modern, new age products.

The most important factor that attracts the people towards investment in primary

market is the communication factor. This is the most important reason and for

this, people feel persuaded to buy it.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) M.Y Khan., “Financial Services”, Himalaya publishing house Pvt. Ltd. New

Delhi, 2001, p-10-20.

2) Kothari, C.R, “Research methodology methods & techniques”, 2nd edition,

New age international ltd. Publishers, 2005, P. No. 27-42.

3) Wilkinson & Bhandarkar, “Business Research Methodology”, 6th edition, Tata

McGraw Hill Publications, Delhi, 2005, PP 237-243.

4) Dr. Bansal K Lalit, “Merchant Banking & Financial Services” Vikas

Publications, 2002, (Page 152- 155) (Page 175-185)

JOURNALS and MAGAZINES:-

1) Applied Finance, page no 261-268, volume 5 / Dec.2007.

2) Financial review, edition January 2007, pages no 34-40.

3) Management Accountant, May 2006 P. No.- 359-412.

Websites

1. www.thehindubusinessline.com

2. www.anandrathi.com

3. www.prowessdatabase.com

4. www.indiatimes.com

QUESTIONNAIRE

Q1) General Information1. Name ____________________________ 2. Age

______________

3. Occupation

a) Businessman b) Serviceman

c) Professional d) Any other

4. Annual Income

a) Rs.50000 to 1 Lac b) Rs.1 Lac to 3 Lacs

c) Above Rs.3 Lacs

Q2) Which age group do you belong?

18 - 30 30 - 45 45 - 55 above 55

Q3) Have you ever invested in stock market?

Yes No

Q4) If yes, in which type of market?

Primary Market Secondary Market

Q5) What is the source of information regarding primary market?

News Broker TV Internet Any

other

Q6) In which of the following you would like to invest your money?

Private Co. Govt. Co. Semi Govt. Any other

Q7) How much % of your income you invest yearly?

0-20% 20-35%

35-50% 50% & above

Q8) In which sector you like the invest the money?

Insurance Infrastructure Telecom

IT Sector Any Other

Q9) How much is your portfolio?

Rs.10000 – 50000 Rs.50000 – 1 Lac Above 1 Lac

Q10) For how much period you would prefer to invest?

Short term Long term (5 & above)

Q11) Investing in primary market is risky or not?

Yes No

Q12) If yes, then how much risky in this?

Highly Moderately Lower

Q13) How much return has been earned from primary market?

10% – 50% 50%-100% 100%-150% 150% - 200%

Q.14 What criteria you used to invest in any IPO?

Past Experience Company Result Any Other

Q.15 From where you get to know about these criteria?

Share Broker Newspaper Magazine