64124292 Acids and Alkalis
description
Transcript of 64124292 Acids and Alkalis
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Corrosive
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Properties of acids:
1. ________ ____________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
5. ____________________________
6. ____________________________
7. ____________________________8. ____________________________
Taste sour (masam)
Ca!"e #$ue $itmus paper to red
p% va$ues $ess ta! 7
Corrosive (me!"a&is)
'cid so$utio! a$$o curre!t pass trou" it
eact it active meta$s (ma"!esium* iro!) to re$ease+dro"e! a!d form sa$ts
eact it car#o!ates to re$ease car#o! dio,ide a!d form sa$t a!d
atereact it a$&a$is to form sa$t a!d ater ( !eutra$isatio! process)
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Hidrochloric acid
(Stomach acid)
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Sulphuric acid
(battery acid)
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Citric acid
(fruits)
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Phosphoric acid
(industrial fertilizer)
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Oxalic acid
(rust remover)
Tartaric acid
(cream of tartar and
bakin po!der)
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'$&a$i!esu#sta!ces or
so$utio! taste#itter
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-ee$ s$ipper+ $i&e soap e!touced it te !"er
Corrosive
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/odium +dro,ide
(used i! ma&i!" soap a!d deter"e!t)
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Potassium +dro,ide(used i! ite!i!" a"e!t or i! ma&i!" soap*
d+es a!d a$&a$i!e #atteries)
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Ca$cium +dro,ide
( used i! ceme!t a!d i! medici!e as a!tacid)
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Titration method
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0 Neutralisation equation in words:
Acid + Alkali = Salt + Water
2. The products are salt and water. ( neutral properties)
0 The reaction is called neutralisation.
0 ethod used in neutralisation is called titration method
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'cid '$&a$i /a$t so$utio! ater
,amp$es :
1. %+droc$oric acid sodium +dro,ide /odium c$oride ater
2. /u$puric acid potassium +dro,ide Potassium su$pate ater
3. %+droc$oric acid ammo!ium +dro,ide
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Application o! neutralisation process :
". #sin$ hair shampoo (alkaline) that is neutralised %&hair conditioner (acidic)
2. Appl&in$ alkaline medicine to neutralised insect %ite
(acidic)
'. astric patient drink milk o! ma$nesia (alkaline) toreduce stomach acidit&.
. Toothpaste (weak alkali) neutralised acid cause %&%acteria in the mouth.
*. #sin$ slaked lime (alkaline) to reduce soil acidit&.
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T,-S -/ 0#1/3N WAT1
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Natural resources o! water
ai! e$$ /pri!" Po!ds
ivers /eas
0ost pure
0,as little dissol4edsu%stances and dust
0Not clean
0,as lots o! dissol4ed su%stancesand dirt such as microor$anisms
0,as microor$anisms
0,as dissol4ed su%stances
05leaner than ri4er
0,as the most dissol4edsu%stances
0,as the most dirt
0irtier than ri4er
( water does not 6ow)
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ethods o! water puri7cation
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i$$s
microor"a!isms
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Small amount o! chlorine is added to ourdrinkin$ water suppl& to reduce water8%ornedisease
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uri!" disti$$atio!* ater is #oi$ed i!to steam. Te steam isco!de!sed #ac& i!to ater.
isti$$ed ater is free from microor"a!isms* disso$ved su#sta!cesa!d so$id partic$es.
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ater puricatio!ater puricatio!metodmetod
'dva!ta"e'dva!ta"e isadva!ta"eisadva!ta"e
". /iltration". /iltrationremo4es coarseremo4es coarseimpuritiesimpurities
Sand 7lters areSand 7lters arecommonl& usedcommonl& used
Water is clear (9ernih)Water is clear (9ernih)andand !ree !rom suspended!ree !rom suspended
particlesparticles(%ahan(%ahanterampai) onl&terampai) onl&
Water still hasWater still hasmicroor$anismsmicroor$anisms
2. istillation2. istillation
n4ol4esn4ol4es %oilin$ and%oilin$ andcondensationcondensation0repare pure (tulen) or0repare pure (tulen) ordistilled water (airdistilled water (airsulin$)sulin$)
Water is !ree !romWater is !ree !romsuspended su%stancessuspended su%stancesmicroor$anisms andmicroor$anisms anddissol4ed su%stancesdissol4ed su%stances(%ahan terlarut)(%ahan terlarut)
oesoes not containnot containdissol4ed mineralsdissol4ed mineralswhich our %odies needwhich our %odies need
'. ;oilin$'. ;oilin$
. 5hlorination. 5hlorinationkills microor$anismskills microor$anisms
Water %oils at "