6.1/6.2: The Periodic Table and the

Elements

• Cornell Notes

– 5 questions

– 5-sentence summary

– Will stamp Fri, 12-20

Development of the Modern Periodic

Table (Chapter 6, Section 1)

The History of the Periodic Table

LAVOISIER NEWLANDS MEYER MENDELEEV MOSELEY

WHEN (YEAR)

WHAT

(DISCOVERIES)

Pages 151 – 153

The History of the Periodic Table

LAVOISIER NEWLANDS MEYER MENDELEEV MOSELEY

WHEN (YEAR)

WHAT

(DISCOVERIES)

Pages 151 – 153

1790’s 1864 1869 1869 1913

3rd stamp for 6.1/6.2 notes

The History of the Periodic Table

LAVOISIER NEWLANDS MEYER MENDELEEV MOSELEY

WHEN (YEAR)

WHAT

(DISCOVERIES)

Pages 151 – 153

1790’s 1864 1869 1869 1913

Compiled

a list of

23 known

elements

Law of

Octaves –

repeating

pattern of 8

elements by

atomic

mass

Made

connection

between

atomic mass

and

properties of

elements

1st credited

with creating

a useful

periodic table;

predicted yet

to be

discovered

elements

Organized

elements by

atomic

number�

PERIODIC

LAW

The History

• History of the Periodic Table

– Lavoisier – 1700’s; listed 23 known elements at the time

– Newlands – created the Law of Octaves (or eight)

• Organized elements by atomic mass and saw that chemical properties repeat every 8 elements (repeating pattern is called periodic)

– Meyer, Mendeleev and Moseley � Modern Periodic Table

• Mendeleev (father of the first Modern Periodic Table) –arranged by increasing atomic mass and in columns by similar chemical properties

• Moseley – arranged table by increasing atomic number(number of protons) which corrected some of the errors in Mendeleev’s table

Repeating (periodic) pattern of 8

The problem…

…and later still…

The Modern Periodic Table

• Periodic Law: repetition of chemical and physical

properties of elements arranged by increasing

atomic number

• Arrangement and Organization

– Refer to your periodic table handout

The Modern Periodic Table“A” groups – REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS

“B” groups – TRANSITION ELEMENTS

“staircase”←METALS

NONMETALS→

On staircase – METALLOIDS or SEMIMETALS

Element →

Atomic number →

Symbol →

Atomic Mass →

←State of matter

Pages 156-157

Periods

(rows)

→

Groups

(columns)

↓

METALSNON-

METALS

METALLOIDS

Types of Metals and Nonmetals

• Most elements are metals

– Alkali metals (group 1A, except Hydrogen)

– Alkaline earth metals (group 2A)

– Transition metals (all group B’s)

– Inner Transition metals (f-block elements)

– Halogens (group 7A)

– Noble gases (group 8A)

Alkali

metals

Alkaline

Earth

metals

Transition

metals

Halogens

Noble

gases

Inner Transition

metals

Inner Transition Metals (f-block)

• #58 (cerium) starts after Lanthanum (La; #57)

– From Ce to Lu

– Called the LANTHANIDE SERIES

• #90 (thorium) starts after Actinium (Ac; #89)

– From Th to Lr

– Called the ACTINIDE SERIES

___________

_______

Classification of the Elements (Chapter

6, Section 2)

Organization of Elements by Electron Configuration

• Similar chemical properties are due to same

number of valence e-

– Same group � same # of valence e- � similar chemical

and physical properties

• Valence electrons by group number (only for

representative or A group elements)

– Example: Group 1A (alkali metals) � e- config ends in s1

� 1 valence e-

• Valence electrons by period number

– Example: Period 3 elements have valence electrons in

the highest energy level � level 3

Valence electron configurations

• s2p5 are all the elements in group 5A because

they all end with electron configurations of

s2p5 � this represents the valence or outer

electron configuration

– F � 1s22s22p5

– Cl � 1s22s22p63s23p5

– Br � 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5

– I � 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p5

All of the above elements are

in group 7A and have 7

valence e- � halogens

Period 2 � highest level is 2

Period 3 � highest level is 3

Period 4 � highest

level is 4

Period 5 � highest

level is 5

Elements in the same group have

similar Lewis Dot Structures

The s, p, d and f Block Elements

• The s, p, d and f Block Elements

– s-block (groups 1A and 2A) – alkali & alkaline

earth

– p-block (groups 3A - 8A) – mostly nonmetals,

halogens and noble gases

– d-block (the B groups) – transition metals

– f-block – inner transition metals

Tell me the GROUP, PERIOD and BLOCK

• [Ne]3s23p5

GROUP: 7A

PERIOD: 3

BLOCK: p

List all the elements with the following valence

electron configurations. What are the group

numbers? What type of element are they?

1) s2

2) s2d1

3) s2p 6

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

Group 3B

Sc, Y, La, Ac

Group 2A

Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Group 8A

Transition metals

Alkaline earth metals

Noble Gases

X

X