6.12.2 SOHO Configuration Facts
2
8/18/2019 6.12.2 SOHO Configuration Facts http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/6122-soho-configuration-facts 1/2 6.12.2 SOHO Configuration Facts 6.12.2 SOHO Configuration Facts A small office/home office (SOHO) is a small network, typically based in the home or a small business center. For the purposes of this course, a SOHO network is one that: • Has between 1-10 connected hosts (computers or printers). • Uses Ethernet or 802.11 wireless networking (or both) on the private network. • Has a single Internet connection that is shared by all hosts. • Uses a single subnet. • Uses a workgroup networking model (i.e. there are no servers on the network and a domain is not used). A typical SOHO network uses the following devices: • A modem or router connects the location to the Internet. This connection provides a single IP address for connecting to the Internet. • A router connects the private network to the Internet connection. This router typically includes a hub or switch and might also include a wireless access point. • Additional wired connections can be provided by connecting additional hubs or switches to the router. A SOHO network uses multiple devices that share a single Internet connection. The connection to the Internet is typically through an access point or router that includes hub or switch ports and/or a wireless access point to connect devices to the local area network and the Internet. The type of device you use depends on the Internet connection type (DSL, ISDN, cable, etc.). The following table describes general steps you would take to configure this router to set up the network. A ct io n D es cr ip tio n Configure the Internet connection Begin by connecting the router to the Internet connection using the device's WAN port. • For a DSL or ISDN router, connect the device directly to the DSL/ISDN line. • For a cable, fiber optic, or satellite connection, connect the router to the Ethernet port on the modem or connection device. Many routers will automatically detect and configure the Internet connection. If not, follow the ISP instructions for setting up the connection. This could include: • Configuring the Internet connection with a static IP address assigned by the ISP or configuring the device to use DHCP for addressing. • Configuring the protocol used for the connection. This will often be PPPoE for an always-on Internet connection. • Configuring logon information (username and password) to access the Internet. • Configuring a default gateway and DNS server addresses that the router will use to access the Internet. Enable NAT Small networks use a single IP address to connect to the Internet which is shared by all devices on the private network. Network address translation (NAT) is a protocol that allows for multiple computers to share the single IP address used on the Internet. • The Internet is classified as a public network. All devices on the public network must have a registered IP address; this address is assigned by the ISP. • The SOHO network is classified as a private network. All devices on the private network use private IP addresses internally, but share the public IP address when accessing the Internet. • A NAT router associates a port number with each private IP address. Communications with the private hosts from the Internet are sent to the public IP address and the associated port number. Port assignments are made a utomatically by the NAT router. • The private network can use addresses in the following ranges that have been reserved for private use (i.e. they will not be used by hosts on the Internet): ◦ 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 ◦ 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 ◦ 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 Configure DHCP While you can manually assign IP addresses to hosts on the private network, most routers for SOHO use include a built-in DHCP server. On the router, enable the DHCP server and identify the subnet address and mask that will be used on the private network. Be sure to use a subnet address within the private IP address ranges. • The DHCP server will automatically assign IP addresses within the range you specify. • The DHCP server delivers its own IP address as the default gateway address. • Depending on the configuration, the DHCP server will use one of the following for DNS server addresses for hosts on the private network: ◦ Its own IP address. In this case, the router acts as a DNS proxy and forwards all DNS requests to th e DNS server at the ISP. ◦ The DNS server addresses configured at the ISP. With this configuration, clients attempt to connect directly to the DNS servers at the ISP for name resolution requests. Additional configuration steps Although the router should now be configured to allow Internet access to hosts on your private network, you should take the following additional actions on the router: • Update the firmware on the router to fix bugs or security holes. You will typically download the firmware and use a Web browser to update the firmware. • Change the default administrator username and password. Default usernames and passwords are easily guessed or discovered by checking the device documentation. By changing the password, you protect the system from unauthorized access. Page 1 of 2 11/30/2015 http://cdn.testout.com/client-v5-1-10-254/startlabsim.html?culture=en-us
-
Upload
fapperforreal -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of 6.12.2 SOHO Configuration Facts
8/18/2019 6.12.2 SOHO Configuration Facts
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/6122-soho-configuration-facts 1/2
6.12.2 SOHO Configuration Facts6.12.2 SOHO Configuration Facts
A small office/home office (SOHO) is a small network, typically based in the home or a small business center. For the purposes of this course, aSOHO network is one that:
• Has between 1-10 connected hosts (computers or printers).• Uses Ethernet or 802.11 wireless networking (or both) on the private network.• Has a single Internet connection that is shared by all hosts.• Uses a single subnet.
• Uses a workgroup networking model (i.e. there are no servers on the network and a domain is not used).
A typical SOHO network uses the following devices:
• A modem or router connects the location to the Internet. This connection provides a single IP address for connecting to the Internet.• A router connects the private network to the Internet connection. This router typically includes a hub or switch and might also include a
wireless access point.• Additional wired connections can be provided by connecting additional hubs or switches to the router.
A SOHO network uses multiple devices that share a single Internet connection. The connection to the Internet is typically through an access pointor router that includes hub or switch ports and/or a wireless access point to connect devices to the local area network and the Internet. The type ofdevice you use depends on the Internet connection type (DSL, ISDN, cable, etc.). The following table describes general steps you would take toconfigure this router to set up the network.
Action Description
Configure theInternet connection
Begin by connecting the router to the Internet connection using the device's WAN port.
• For a DSL or ISDN router, connect the device directly to the DSL/ISDN line.• For a cable, fiber optic, or satellite connection, connect the router to the Ethernet port on the modem or connection
device.
Many routers will automatically detect and configure the Internet connection. If not, follow the ISP instructions for setting up theconnection. This could include:
• Configuring the Internet connection with a static IP address assigned by the ISP or configuring the device to use DHCPfor addressing.
• Configuring the protocol used for the connection. This will often be PPPoE for an always-on Internet connection.• Configuring logon information (username and password) to access the Internet.• Configuring a default gateway and DNS server addresses that the router will use to access the Internet.
Enable NAT
Small networks use a single IP address to connect to the Internet which is shared by all devices on the private network. Networkaddress translation (NAT) is a protocol that allows for multiple computers to share the single IP address used on the Internet.
• The Internet is classified as a public network. All devices on the public network must have a registered IP address; thisaddress is assigned by the ISP.
• The SOHO network is classified as a private network. All devices on the private network use private IP addresses
internally, but share the public IP address when accessing the Internet.• A NAT router associates a port number with each private IP address. Communications with the private hosts from the
Internet are sent to the public IP address and the associated port number. Port assignments are made automatically bythe NAT router.
• The private network can use addresses in the following ranges that have been reserved for private use (i.e. they willnot be used by hosts on the Internet):
◦ 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
◦ 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
◦ 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Configure DHCP
While you can manually assign IP addresses to hosts on the private network, most routers for SOHO use include a built-in DHCPserver. On the router, enable the DHCP server and identify the subnet address and mask that will be used on the privatenetwork. Be sure to use a subnet address within the private IP address ranges.
• The DHCP server will automatically assign IP addresses within the range you specify.• The DHCP server delivers its own IP address as the default gateway address.• Depending on the configuration, the DHCP server will use one of the following for DNS server addresses for hosts on
the private network:
◦Its own IP address. In this case, the router acts as a DNS proxy and forwards all DNS requests to the DNSserver at the ISP.
◦ The DNS server addresses configured at the ISP. With this configuration, clients attempt to connect directly tothe DNS servers at the ISP for name resolution requests.
Additionalconfiguration steps
Although the router should now be configured to allow Internet access to hosts on your private network, you should take thefollowing additional actions on the router:
• Update the firmware on the router to fix bugs or security holes. You will typically download the firmware and use a Webbrowser to update the firmware.
• Change the default administrator username and password. Default usernames and passwords are easily guessed ordiscovered by checking the device documentation. By changing the password, you protect the system fromunauthorized access.
Page 1 of 2
11/30/2015http://cdn.testout.com/client-v5-1-10-254/startlabsim.html?culture=en-us
8/18/2019 6.12.2 SOHO Configuration Facts
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/6122-soho-configuration-facts 2/2
• Configure the firewall on the device. While some ISPs include some firewall protection on your Internet connection, youshould enable the basic firewall on the router to protect your private network. If necessary, configure exceptions on thefirewall to allow necessary traffic through the firewall.
TestOut Corporation All rights reserved.
Page 2 of 2
11/30/2015http://cdn.testout.com/client-v5-1-10-254/startlabsim.html?culture=en-us
