6.0 INFORMATION SYSTEMS

6.1 CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.1 Definition

What is Data? Raw material, not organized, has little value Each data will contribute useful information

What types of data? Text - sentences and paragraphs Numerical - 0 to 9 Image - graphical image Audio - sound, tone, voice Video - moving image

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

Text Numerical Image

Voice Video

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.1 Definition

What is Information? Organized data Has value and meaningful

ORGANIZEDText + Numerical + Voice + Image + Video

isINFORMATION

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.1 Definition

What is Information Systems? Combination of information technology and

people's activities that support operations, management and decision making

Collect data + Filter + Process + Create + Distribute data

Making calculation, comparing, storing data

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.2 Usage of Information Systems In Various Fields

EDUCATION Student Access

gives students access to information through the Internet

Student Learningcan improve student learning

Classroom Teachingallowing the teachers and students to find more creative ways to teach and learn

Administrationmanage school information

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.2 Usage of Information Systems In Various Fields

BUSINESS Buying and Selling

Manage buying and selling through internet Manage Company

store information, collect data, records customer transaction

Manage Supply Chainintegrating the links in a supply chain

Customer Relationshipmanage relationships with potential and current customers

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.2 Usage of Information Systems In Various Fields

MANAGEMENT Track Record

Use for keep all company record, employee data, finding information and data for company

Manage Company OperationInventory check, manage day to day operation

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.3 Information System Components

5 COMPONENTS

Data

Hardware

Software People

procedure

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.3 Information System Components

DATA Data are facts that are used by programs to

produce useful information. Data are generally stored in machine-

readable form on disk or tape until the computer needs them.

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.3 Information System Components

HARDWARE Refers to machinery. Often referred to as the central processing

unit (CPU), and all of its support equipments.

Among the support equipments are input and output devices, storage devices and communications devices.

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.3 Information System Components

SOFTWARE Computer programs and the manuals (if

any) that support them. Computer programs are machine-readable

instructions 2 type of software is System Software and

Application Software

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.3 Information System Components

PEOPLE Needs people if it is to be useful. Often the most over-looked element are

the people, probably the component that most influence the success or failure of information systems.

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.3 Information System Components

PROCEDURE Procedures are the policies that govern the

operation of a computer system. Procedures can be in the form of guidelines

in the user manuals

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.3 Information System Components

INTERRELATION BETWEEN ALL COMPONENTS

Data

Hardware

SoftwarePeople

Procedure

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.3 Information System Components

INTERRELATION BETWEEN ALL COMPONENTS

People use computer (hard and software) to access information (data), between all of that, there are procedure people need to follow

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.4 Types of Information Systems

5 TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSManagement Information System (MIS) Transaction Processing System (TPS) Decision Support System (DSS) Executive Information System (EIS) Expert System (ES)/Artificial Intelligence (AI)

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.4 Types of Information Systems

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMMainly concerned with internal sources of

information.MIS usually take data from the transaction

processing systems and summarize it into a series of management reports.

MIS reports tend to be used by middle management and operational supervisors.

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.4 Types of Information Systems

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM Designed to process routine transactions

efficiently and accurately. A business will have several TPS Example of TPS Billing systems to send invoices to customers Systems to calculate the weekly and monthly payroll and tax payments

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.4 Types of Information Systems

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM Help management make decisions in

situations where there is uncertainty about the possible outcomes of those decisions.

DSS comprise tools and techniques to help gather relevant information and analyze the options and alternatives

DSS often involves use of complex spreadsheet and databases to create "what-if" models.

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.4 Types of Information Systems

EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM Designed to help senior management make

strategic decisions. Gathers, analyses and summarizes the key

internal and external information used in the business.

Typically involve lots of data analysis and modeling tools such as "what-if" analysis to help strategic decision-making.

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.4 Types of Information Systems

EXPERT SYSTEM / ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE System that emulates the decision-making

ability of a human expert Designed to solve complex problems by

reasoning about knowledge, like an expert, and not by following the procedure of a developer as is the case in conventional programming

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.5 Hierarchy of Data

TYPE OF DATA bit - Smallest unit of data the computer can

store that consist of binary 1 and 0 byte - Collection of eight bits. A byte

represents a character Field - Unit of data consisting of one or

more character Record - A collection of related fields File - A collection of related records Database - structured collection of data

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.5 Hierarchy of Data

BIT & BYTE

INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2012

6.1.5 Hierarchy of Data

DatabaseFile

RecordField Byte Bit