Collapsed States Collapsed States in West Africain West Africa

Collapsed States Collapsed States in West Africain West Africa

Britni Kawalkiewicz and Antonette Britni Kawalkiewicz and Antonette

JohnsonJohnsonBritni Kawalkiewicz and Antonette Britni Kawalkiewicz and Antonette

JohnsonJohnson

Collapsed State Collapsed State IndicatorsIndicators

Collapsed State Collapsed State IndicatorsIndicators

Civil war(s)Civil war(s)

Disharmony between communitiesDisharmony between communities

Loss of control over regionsLoss of control over regions

Growth of criminal violenceGrowth of criminal violence

Cessation of legislature and judiciary, or a lack of law-making administratorsCessation of legislature and judiciary, or a lack of law-making administrators

Informal privatization of social services, or when a government is not responsible for those in needInformal privatization of social services, or when a government is not responsible for those in need

CorruptionCorruption

Loss of legitimacyLoss of legitimacy

Declining per capita GDP, which is the market value of goods and services produced domesticallyDeclining per capita GDP, which is the market value of goods and services produced domestically

High population densityHigh population density

““Brain Drain,” or the migration of skilled workers out of the state or countryBrain Drain,” or the migration of skilled workers out of the state or country

Institutionalized political exclusion, or the allowance to exclude certain races, religions, etc.Institutionalized political exclusion, or the allowance to exclude certain races, religions, etc.

Rise of private militias or guerillasRise of private militias or guerillas

Higher poverty rates for some ethnic groupsHigher poverty rates for some ethnic groups

Human rights violationHuman rights violation

Fragmentation of ruling elite, or to prioritize those with statusFragmentation of ruling elite, or to prioritize those with status

BeninBeninBeninBeninPeoplePeople

Education (2008):Education (2008):

Literacy--total population 44%.Literacy--total population 44%.

Health (2010):Health (2010):

Infant mortality rate--61/1,000.Infant mortality rate--61/1,000.

Life expectancy--59 yrs.Life expectancy--59 yrs.

Work force: The labor market is Work force: The labor market is

characterized by an increased reliance characterized by an increased reliance

on informal employment, family on informal employment, family

helpers, and the use of apprentices.helpers, and the use of apprentices.

BeninBeninBeninBeninEconomyEconomy

GDP growth rate (2009): 3.2%.GDP growth rate (2009): 3.2%.

Per capita GDP (2009): $1,500.Per capita GDP (2009): $1,500.

Inflation rate (2009): 4%.Inflation rate (2009): 4%.

Benin is severely underdeveloped, and Benin is severely underdeveloped, and

corruption is widespread.corruption is widespread.

It ranks among the world's poorest countries.It ranks among the world's poorest countries.

To the north, there have been sporadic clashes To the north, there have been sporadic clashes

along Benin's border with Burkina Faso. The along Benin's border with Burkina Faso. The

trouble has been blamed on land disputes trouble has been blamed on land disputes

between rival communities on either side of the between rival communities on either side of the

border.border.

Benin: Economy Benin: Economy (continued...)(continued...)

Benin: Economy Benin: Economy (continued...)(continued...)

Although Although trade unions in Benintrade unions in Benin represent up to represent up to

75% of the formal workforce, the large informal 75% of the formal workforce, the large informal

economy has been noted by the economy has been noted by the

International Trade Union ConfederationInternational Trade Union Confederation to contain to contain

ongoing problems, including a lack of women's ongoing problems, including a lack of women's

wage equality, the use of wage equality, the use of child labourchild labour, and the , and the

continuing issue of continuing issue of forced labourforced labour..

Currently, about a third of the population live below Currently, about a third of the population live below

the international poverty line of US $1.25 per day.the international poverty line of US $1.25 per day.

Benin: CrimeBenin: CrimeBenin: CrimeBenin: CrimeStreet crime is a significant problem in Cotonou.  Robbery and muggings Street crime is a significant problem in Cotonou.  Robbery and muggings

occur along the Boulevard de France, and on the beaches near hotels occur along the Boulevard de France, and on the beaches near hotels

frequented by international visitors.frequented by international visitors.

Most of the reported incidents involve the use of force, often by armed Most of the reported incidents involve the use of force, often by armed

persons, with occasional minor injury to the victim.persons, with occasional minor injury to the victim.

There has been a continued increase in the number of robberies incidents There has been a continued increase in the number of robberies incidents

after dark, both within metropolitan Cotonou and on highways and rural after dark, both within metropolitan Cotonou and on highways and rural

roads outside of major metropolitan areas.roads outside of major metropolitan areas.

Overland travel to Nigeria is dangerous near the Benin/Nigeria border due Overland travel to Nigeria is dangerous near the Benin/Nigeria border due

to unofficial checkpoints and highway banditry.to unofficial checkpoints and highway banditry.

Travelers should exercise extreme caution when using credit cards and Travelers should exercise extreme caution when using credit cards and

ATM machines in Benin due to a high rate of fraud.  Perpetrators of ATM machines in Benin due to a high rate of fraud.  Perpetrators of

business and other kinds of fraud often target foreigners.business and other kinds of fraud often target foreigners.

Benin: Medical Facilities & Benin: Medical Facilities & Health InformationHealth Information

Benin: Medical Facilities & Benin: Medical Facilities & Health InformationHealth Information

Medical Medical

facilities in facilities in

Benin are Benin are

limited and limited and

not all not all

medicines medicines

are are

available.available.

Benin: Plans for the Benin: Plans for the FutureFuture

Benin: Plans for the Benin: Plans for the FutureFuture

An insufficient electrical supply continues to adversely affect An insufficient electrical supply continues to adversely affect

Benin's economic growth though the government recently has Benin's economic growth though the government recently has

taken steps to increase domestic power production.taken steps to increase domestic power production.

In order to raise growth still further, Benin plans to attract In order to raise growth still further, Benin plans to attract

more foreign investment, place more emphasis on tourism, more foreign investment, place more emphasis on tourism,

facilitate the development of new food processing systems and facilitate the development of new food processing systems and

agricultural products, and encourage new information and agricultural products, and encourage new information and

communication technology.communication technology.

The main pillars of the country’s poverty reduction strategy The main pillars of the country’s poverty reduction strategy

are: accelerating growth, improving access to basic services, are: accelerating growth, improving access to basic services,

and promoting better governance and institutional capacity and promoting better governance and institutional capacity

building.building.

Benin: Steps Already Benin: Steps Already TakenTaken

Benin: Steps Already Benin: Steps Already TakenTaken

Improved access to urban infrastructure Improved access to urban infrastructure

and basic servicesand basic services

Boosting malaria control in BeninBoosting malaria control in Benin

Testing community driven development Testing community driven development

has been successfulhas been successful

Increase in cereal productionIncrease in cereal production

Burkina FasoBurkina FasoBurkina FasoBurkina FasoPeoplePeople

Education:Education:

Literacy (2009)--26%.Literacy (2009)--26%.

Health:Health:

Infant mortality rate (2010)--91.7/1,000.Infant mortality rate (2010)--91.7/1,000.

Life expectancy (2010)--56.7 years.Life expectancy (2010)--56.7 years.

A high average fertility rate of 6.2 children per woman of reproductive age.A high average fertility rate of 6.2 children per woman of reproductive age.

Nearly 65% of population is less than 25 years old.Nearly 65% of population is less than 25 years old.

Few Burkinabe have had formal education. Schooling is in theory free and Few Burkinabe have had formal education. Schooling is in theory free and

compulsory until the age of 16, but only about 80.3% of Burkina's primary school-age compulsory until the age of 16, but only about 80.3% of Burkina's primary school-age

children are enrolled in primary school. Of those enrolled, only about 41.7% complete children are enrolled in primary school. Of those enrolled, only about 41.7% complete

primary school.primary school.

The United Nations Development Program Report ranks Burkina Faso as the country The United Nations Development Program Report ranks Burkina Faso as the country

with the lowest level of literacy in the worldwith the lowest level of literacy in the world

Burkina FasoBurkina FasoBurkina FasoBurkina FasoEconomyEconomy

GDP growth rate (2010): 5.2%.GDP growth rate (2010): 5.2%.

Per capita GDP (2009): $580.Per capita GDP (2009): $580.

Avg. inflation rate (2010): -0.8%.Avg. inflation rate (2010): -0.8%.

It is one of the world’s poorest countries.It is one of the world’s poorest countries.

Drought, poor soil, lack of adequate communications and other Drought, poor soil, lack of adequate communications and other

infrastructure, a low literacy rate, and an economy vulnerable to external infrastructure, a low literacy rate, and an economy vulnerable to external

shocks are all longstanding problems.shocks are all longstanding problems.

Political and economic problems in Cote d'Ivoire have had a direct impact Political and economic problems in Cote d'Ivoire have had a direct impact

on revenue for millions of Burkina households.The 8-year-old crisis in on revenue for millions of Burkina households.The 8-year-old crisis in

neighboring Cote d'Ivoire negatively affected trade between the two neighboring Cote d'Ivoire negatively affected trade between the two

countries.countries.

Burkina Faso: Economy Burkina Faso: Economy (continued...)(continued...)

Burkina Faso: Economy Burkina Faso: Economy (continued...)(continued...)

The regular army is The regular army is

believed to be neglected in believed to be neglected in

relation to the élite relation to the élite

Presidential Security Presidential Security

Regiment and reports have Regiment and reports have

emerged in recent years of emerged in recent years of

disputes over pay and disputes over pay and

conditions.conditions.

A large part of the A large part of the

economic activity of the economic activity of the

country is funded by country is funded by

international aid.international aid.

Burkina Faso: CrimeBurkina Faso: CrimeBurkina Faso: CrimeBurkina Faso: Crime

Street crime in Burkina Faso poses high risks for Street crime in Burkina Faso poses high risks for

visitors.  Most reported incidents involve purse-visitors.  Most reported incidents involve purse-

snatchers and street scam artists, who target wallets, snatchers and street scam artists, who target wallets,

jewelry, cell phones and other valuables.jewelry, cell phones and other valuables.

There continue to be armed robberies and attacks on There continue to be armed robberies and attacks on

intercity roads throughout the country.  Although these intercity roads throughout the country.  Although these

armed individuals and groups operate mostly at night, armed individuals and groups operate mostly at night,

there have been daytime attacks.  They have injured there have been daytime attacks.  They have injured

or killed individuals who refused their demands or or killed individuals who refused their demands or

attempted to drive through their roadblocks.attempted to drive through their roadblocks.

Burkina Faso: Safety & Burkina Faso: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Burkina Faso: Safety & Burkina Faso: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Kidnapping remains a Kidnapping remains a

threat in the northern threat in the northern

border areas of the border areas of the

country.country.

Ouagadougou occasionally Ouagadougou occasionally

experiences experiences

demonstrations and civil demonstrations and civil

unrest.  Although most unrest.  Although most

demonstrations are demonstrations are

generally peaceful, there generally peaceful, there

have been incidents of have been incidents of

violence and destruction violence and destruction

within recent years.within recent years.

Burkina Faso: Medical Facilities Burkina Faso: Medical Facilities & Health Information& Health Information

Burkina Faso: Medical Facilities Burkina Faso: Medical Facilities & Health Information& Health Information

Medical facilities and emergency hospital care are very limited, Medical facilities and emergency hospital care are very limited,

particularly in areas outside of Ouagadougou.  Emergency particularly in areas outside of Ouagadougou.  Emergency

response services, such as ambulances, are in very short supply, response services, such as ambulances, are in very short supply,

poorly equipped, and in many regions simply nonexistent. poorly equipped, and in many regions simply nonexistent. 

Malaria, Meningitis, and Tuberculosis are serious health concerns.Malaria, Meningitis, and Tuberculosis are serious health concerns.

As of 2009, it was estimated that there were as few as 10 As of 2009, it was estimated that there were as few as 10

physicians per 100,000 people.physicians per 100,000 people.

According to the World Health Organization in 2005 an estimated According to the World Health Organization in 2005 an estimated

72.5% of Burkina Faso's girls and women have suffered female 72.5% of Burkina Faso's girls and women have suffered female

genital mutilation.genital mutilation.

Burkina Faso: Plans for the Burkina Faso: Plans for the FutureFuture

Burkina Faso: Plans for the Burkina Faso: Plans for the FutureFuture

Burkina Faso needs to address its economic vulnerability and Burkina Faso needs to address its economic vulnerability and

develop a broader and more durable resource base through the develop a broader and more durable resource base through the

intensification and diversification of its economy.intensification and diversification of its economy.

With limited fiscal space and a rapidly growing population With limited fiscal space and a rapidly growing population

requiring more basic services, improved governance and requiring more basic services, improved governance and

efficiency in delivering services at the local level will be critical to efficiency in delivering services at the local level will be critical to

underpin improvements in human development.underpin improvements in human development.

The underling principles are: transformation of the Burkinabe The underling principles are: transformation of the Burkinabe

economy, adaptability to a global context marked by the recent economy, adaptability to a global context marked by the recent

recession, selectivity of the Bank’s interventions and a better recession, selectivity of the Bank’s interventions and a better

coordination of its support in different sectors, and lastly, a coordination of its support in different sectors, and lastly, a

strong focus on results and efficiency.strong focus on results and efficiency.

Burkina Faso: Steps Already Burkina Faso: Steps Already TakenTaken

Burkina Faso: Steps Already Burkina Faso: Steps Already TakenTaken

The US$30.7 million Burkina Faso Competitiveness and The US$30.7 million Burkina Faso Competitiveness and

Enterprise Development Project aims at supporting the Enterprise Development Project aims at supporting the

country in creating the conditions for improved country in creating the conditions for improved

competitiveness and a more dynamic development of competitiveness and a more dynamic development of

enterprises.enterprises.

The Ouagadougou Water Supply Project, co-financed by The Ouagadougou Water Supply Project, co-financed by

the World Bank, helped to restructure the Water and the World Bank, helped to restructure the Water and

Sanitation Office within six years. The project developed Sanitation Office within six years. The project developed

access to drinkable water, reliability of water supply and access to drinkable water, reliability of water supply and

improved operational management in the sector.improved operational management in the sector.

Cote d'IvoireCote d'IvoireCote d'IvoireCote d'IvoirePeoplePeople

Education:Education:

Years compulsory--school is not Years compulsory--school is not

compulsory at this time (not compulsory at this time (not

required).required).

Attendance--57%.Attendance--57%.

Literacy--51%.Literacy--51%.

Health:Health:

Infant mortality rate--111/1,000.Infant mortality rate--111/1,000.

Life expectancy--46 years.Life expectancy--46 years.

EconomyEconomy

GDP growth rate (2008 est.): 2.3%.GDP growth rate (2008 est.): 2.3%.

Cote d’Ivoire: Political Cote d’Ivoire: Political ConditionsConditions

Cote d’Ivoire: Political Cote d’Ivoire: Political ConditionsConditions

The country has experienced continued, periodic episodes of political unrest and The country has experienced continued, periodic episodes of political unrest and

violence since 2002, when a failed coup attempt evolved into an armed rebellion that violence since 2002, when a failed coup attempt evolved into an armed rebellion that

split the country in two.split the country in two.

Although the political situation has improved, it still has not returned to normal. Long-Although the political situation has improved, it still has not returned to normal. Long-

delayed presidential elections have been repeatedly postponed.delayed presidential elections have been repeatedly postponed.

Cote d'Ivoire has a high population growth rate, a high crime rate (particularly in Cote d'Ivoire has a high population growth rate, a high crime rate (particularly in

Abidjan), a high incidence of AIDS, a multiplicity of tribes, sporadic student unrest, a Abidjan), a high incidence of AIDS, a multiplicity of tribes, sporadic student unrest, a

differential rate of in-country development according to region, and a dichotomy of differential rate of in-country development according to region, and a dichotomy of

religion associated with region and ethnic group.religion associated with region and ethnic group.

These factors put stress on the political system and could become more of a problem if These factors put stress on the political system and could become more of a problem if

the government does not succeed in implementing the Ouagadougou Political the government does not succeed in implementing the Ouagadougou Political

Agreement and if the economy does not return to consistent growth.Agreement and if the economy does not return to consistent growth.

In recent years Côte d'Ivoire has been subject to greater competition and falling prices In recent years Côte d'Ivoire has been subject to greater competition and falling prices

in the global marketplace for its primary agricultural crops: coffee and cocoa. That, in the global marketplace for its primary agricultural crops: coffee and cocoa. That,

compounded with high internal corruption, makes life difficult for the grower and those compounded with high internal corruption, makes life difficult for the grower and those

exporting into foreign markets.exporting into foreign markets.

Cote d’Ivoire: CrimeCote d’Ivoire: CrimeCote d’Ivoire: CrimeCote d’Ivoire: CrimeGrab-and-run street crime and pick-pocketing Grab-and-run street crime and pick-pocketing

in crowded areas are widespread. Armed in crowded areas are widespread. Armed

carjackings, robberies of businesses, and carjackings, robberies of businesses, and

home invasions occur frequently and have home invasions occur frequently and have

targeted residents who are perceived as targeted residents who are perceived as

wealthy.wealthy.

Some armed robberies have been carried out Some armed robberies have been carried out

by men in military uniforms.by men in military uniforms.

Armed criminals use force when faced with Armed criminals use force when faced with

resistance.resistance.

There are numerous police-controlled vehicle There are numerous police-controlled vehicle

checkpoints throughout Abidjan to check checkpoints throughout Abidjan to check

vehicle and passenger documents; often, vehicle and passenger documents; often,

security forces use the checkpoints to extort security forces use the checkpoints to extort

money from drivers and passengers.money from drivers and passengers.

Cote d’Ivoire: Safety & Cote d’Ivoire: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Cote d’Ivoire: Safety & Cote d’Ivoire: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Cote d’Ivoire has been unstable since a coup in 1999, and territorially Cote d’Ivoire has been unstable since a coup in 1999, and territorially

divided since 2002.divided since 2002.

Political instability has contributed to economic decline and high Political instability has contributed to economic decline and high

unemployment, exacerbating social tensions and creating the potential unemployment, exacerbating social tensions and creating the potential

for labor unrest and civil disorder. There have been recurring episodes for labor unrest and civil disorder. There have been recurring episodes

of violence, some of them severe.of violence, some of them severe.

In December 2009, there was a large anti-government rally, as well as In December 2009, there was a large anti-government rally, as well as

several incidents of localized violence protesting the removal of names several incidents of localized violence protesting the removal of names

from the provisional voter registration list without due process.from the provisional voter registration list without due process.

On February 12, 2010, there were incidents of violence, including a On February 12, 2010, there were incidents of violence, including a

clash between protestors and security forces in the town Gagnoa which clash between protestors and security forces in the town Gagnoa which

left several dead.left several dead.

Cote d’Ivoire: Current Travel Cote d’Ivoire: Current Travel Warnings & AlertsWarnings & Alerts

Cote d’Ivoire: Current Travel Cote d’Ivoire: Current Travel Warnings & AlertsWarnings & Alerts

March 2, 2011March 2, 2011

In addition to the unstable political situation following the contested In addition to the unstable political situation following the contested

November 28, 2010 presidential elections, a rapidly declining economy and a November 28, 2010 presidential elections, a rapidly declining economy and a

banking crisis may result in a scarcity of fuel, food and other vital banking crisis may result in a scarcity of fuel, food and other vital

commodities.commodities.

Following the contested results of presidential elections in November 2010, Following the contested results of presidential elections in November 2010,

many demonstrations turned violent, resulting in death and injury.many demonstrations turned violent, resulting in death and injury.

Clashes between military and militia continue to escalate, as do increased and Clashes between military and militia continue to escalate, as do increased and

spontaneous road blocks, many by youth extremists loyal to Gbagbo, who spontaneous road blocks, many by youth extremists loyal to Gbagbo, who

have in recent days perpetrated violence and aggression against vehicles and have in recent days perpetrated violence and aggression against vehicles and

drivers.drivers.

The State Department anticipates a general economic downturn, serious The State Department anticipates a general economic downturn, serious

shortages of fuel, food, and other commodities as well as price increases, shortages of fuel, food, and other commodities as well as price increases,

which could result in severe hardship and a simultaneous upswing in civil which could result in severe hardship and a simultaneous upswing in civil

disturbances and crime.disturbances and crime.

Cote d’Ivoire: Medical Facilities Cote d’Ivoire: Medical Facilities & Health Information& Health Information

Cote d’Ivoire: Medical Facilities Cote d’Ivoire: Medical Facilities & Health Information& Health Information

Abidjan has privately-run medical Abidjan has privately-run medical

and dental facilities that are and dental facilities that are

adequate, but do not fully meet adequate, but do not fully meet

U.S. standards.U.S. standards.

Medical care outside of Abidjan is Medical care outside of Abidjan is

extremely limited.extremely limited.

Malaria is a serious health problem Malaria is a serious health problem

in Cote d’Ivoire.in Cote d’Ivoire.

The avian influenza or “bird flu” The avian influenza or “bird flu”

virus has been confirmed in animals virus has been confirmed in animals

in Cote d’Ivoire as of June 2006.in Cote d’Ivoire as of June 2006.

Cote d’Ivoire: Plans for the Cote d’Ivoire: Plans for the FutureFuture

Cote d’Ivoire: Plans for the Cote d’Ivoire: Plans for the FutureFuture

The government needs to consolidate peace by completing the implementation of the The government needs to consolidate peace by completing the implementation of the

OPA, notably to implement the Demobilization, Disarmament and Reintegration program, OPA, notably to implement the Demobilization, Disarmament and Reintegration program,

create a unified army, restore control over the entire country and hold presidential create a unified army, restore control over the entire country and hold presidential

elections. The government will support good governance by modernizing the public elections. The government will support good governance by modernizing the public

administration and improving public services, including justice services and the penal administration and improving public services, including justice services and the penal

system.system.

The Government is also focused on strengthening public financial management and The Government is also focused on strengthening public financial management and

procurement reforms to improve the efficiency, effectiveness and transparency in the use procurement reforms to improve the efficiency, effectiveness and transparency in the use

of public resources, and reducing its high debt situation.of public resources, and reducing its high debt situation.

The country needs to create more jobs and wealth by creating a more enabling The country needs to create more jobs and wealth by creating a more enabling

environment for the private sector; investing in improvements in agricultural productivity environment for the private sector; investing in improvements in agricultural productivity

and food self-sufficiency throughout the country; promoting trade, income-generating and food self-sufficiency throughout the country; promoting trade, income-generating

activities and self-employment; creating incentives for labor-intensive employment activities and self-employment; creating incentives for labor-intensive employment

opportunities and strengthening professional and vocational educational opportunities.opportunities and strengthening professional and vocational educational opportunities.

The government needs to invest in basic education and health services to make progress The government needs to invest in basic education and health services to make progress

toward the MDGs, improve access to basic infrastructure such as potable water, adequate toward the MDGs, improve access to basic infrastructure such as potable water, adequate

sanitation and energy services, and establish a decent urban and rural environment. sanitation and energy services, and establish a decent urban and rural environment.

Cote d’Ivoire: Steps Already Cote d’Ivoire: Steps Already TakenTaken

Cote d’Ivoire: Steps Already Cote d’Ivoire: Steps Already TakenTaken

Stabilizing the situation and assisting Stabilizing the situation and assisting

Government to address key conflict Government to address key conflict

factorsfactors

Assisting war-affected populationsAssisting war-affected populations

Assisting economic recovery and reformAssisting economic recovery and reform

GuineaGuineaGuineaGuinea

PeoplePeople

Education:Education:

Years compulsory (required)--8. Years compulsory (required)--8.

Enrollment--primary school, 64.32%; Enrollment--primary school, 64.32%;

secondary, 15%; and post secondary, 3%.secondary, 15%; and post secondary, 3%.

Literacy (total population over age 15 Literacy (total population over age 15

that can read and write, 2003 est.)--that can read and write, 2003 est.)--

29.5%.29.5%.

Health (2009 est.):Health (2009 est.):

Life expectancy--total population 57.09 Life expectancy--total population 57.09

years.years.

Infant mortality rate (2009)--65.22/1,000.Infant mortality rate (2009)--65.22/1,000.

GuineaGuineaGuineaGuinea

EconomyEconomy

GDP growth rate (2010 est.): 3%.GDP growth rate (2010 est.): 3%.

Avg. inflation rate (2011 est.): Avg. inflation rate (2011 est.):

20%. 20%.

Guinea's poorly developed Guinea's poorly developed

infrastructure and rampant infrastructure and rampant

corruption continue to present corruption continue to present

obstacles to large-scale investment obstacles to large-scale investment

projects.projects.

Guinea: Political Guinea: Political ConditionsConditions

Guinea: Political Guinea: Political ConditionsConditions

A 2007 strike turned violent after President Conte ignored the unions’ demand A 2007 strike turned violent after President Conte ignored the unions’ demand

that he resign from office. Nationwide, protesters began barricading roads, that he resign from office. Nationwide, protesters began barricading roads,

throwing rocks, burning tires, and skirmishing with police. Violence peaked on throwing rocks, burning tires, and skirmishing with police. Violence peaked on

January 22 when several thousand ordinary Guineans poured into the streets, January 22 when several thousand ordinary Guineans poured into the streets,

primarily in the capital, calling for change. Guinean security forces and the primarily in the capital, calling for change. Guinean security forces and the

military's "red beret" presidential guard reacted by opening fire on the military's "red beret" presidential guard reacted by opening fire on the

peaceful crowds.peaceful crowds.

On February 12, President Conte declared a "state of siege," which conferred On February 12, President Conte declared a "state of siege," which conferred

broad powers on the military, and implemented a strict curfew. According to broad powers on the military, and implemented a strict curfew. According to

media reports, the following days saw military and police forces scour Conakry media reports, the following days saw military and police forces scour Conakry

and towns in the hinterlands where they committed serious human rights and towns in the hinterlands where they committed serious human rights

abuses.abuses.

Security forces are believed responsible for having killed at least 137 people Security forces are believed responsible for having killed at least 137 people

and injuring more than 1,700 others during the strike-related violence in and injuring more than 1,700 others during the strike-related violence in

January and February 2007.January and February 2007.

Guinea: Political Conditions Guinea: Political Conditions (Continued)...(Continued)...

Guinea: Political Conditions Guinea: Political Conditions (Continued)...(Continued)...

There was a political protest on September 28, 2009, which attracted tens of There was a political protest on September 28, 2009, which attracted tens of

thousands of protesters to the national stadium in Conakry. The Guinean thousands of protesters to the national stadium in Conakry. The Guinean

military responded by opening fire on the crowd, killing at least 157 military responded by opening fire on the crowd, killing at least 157

protesters, wounding more than a 1,000 others, and sexually assaulting more protesters, wounding more than a 1,000 others, and sexually assaulting more

than 100 women, triggering widespread condemnation from the international than 100 women, triggering widespread condemnation from the international

community and increasing isolation for the junta.community and increasing isolation for the junta.

On June 27, Guinea had its first round of presidential elections.n the weeks On June 27, Guinea had its first round of presidential elections.n the weeks

leading up to and immediately after the elections, ethnic violence broke out, leading up to and immediately after the elections, ethnic violence broke out,

resulting in several hundred internally displaced people and at least a dozen resulting in several hundred internally displaced people and at least a dozen

deaths.deaths.

Youth unemployment remains a large problem. Guinea needs an adequate Youth unemployment remains a large problem. Guinea needs an adequate

policy to address the concerns of the urban youth. The problem is the policy to address the concerns of the urban youth. The problem is the

disparity between their life and what they see on television. As the youth disparity between their life and what they see on television. As the youth

cannot find jobs, seeing the economically stable and consumerism of richer cannot find jobs, seeing the economically stable and consumerism of richer

countries only serves to frustrate them further.countries only serves to frustrate them further.

Guinea: CrimeGuinea: CrimeGuinea: CrimeGuinea: CrimeResidential and street crime are very Residential and street crime are very

common. Some crime is perpetrated by common. Some crime is perpetrated by

individuals in military uniforms.individuals in military uniforms.

Nonviolent and violent crime are both Nonviolent and violent crime are both

problems.  Most nonviolent crime involves acts problems.  Most nonviolent crime involves acts

of pick-pocketing and purse-snatching, while of pick-pocketing and purse-snatching, while

armed robbery, muggings, and assaults are the armed robbery, muggings, and assaults are the

most common violent crimes.most common violent crimes.

Despite the police’s good intentions, they have Despite the police’s good intentions, they have

been unable to prevent the rapid escalation of been unable to prevent the rapid escalation of

crime.  Police and military officials have also crime.  Police and military officials have also

been known to make direct and indirect been known to make direct and indirect

requests for bribes.requests for bribes.

Guinea: Safety & Guinea: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Guinea: Safety & Guinea: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Guinea’s first democratically-elected President Alpha Condé was Guinea’s first democratically-elected President Alpha Condé was

inaugurated on December 21, 2010.  The second round of presidential inaugurated on December 21, 2010.  The second round of presidential

elections was marked by ethnic-based violence between supporters of elections was marked by ethnic-based violence between supporters of

both Presidential candidates, and reports of excessive force and sexual both Presidential candidates, and reports of excessive force and sexual

assaults perpetrated by undisciplined members of Guinea’s armed assaults perpetrated by undisciplined members of Guinea’s armed

forces.  Although the situation has remained calm following the Supreme forces.  Although the situation has remained calm following the Supreme

Court’s December 3 proclamation of election results, there is Court’s December 3 proclamation of election results, there is

nevertheless a residual potential for violence in Guinea.nevertheless a residual potential for violence in Guinea.

Persons have periodically reported abusive treatment by security forces Persons have periodically reported abusive treatment by security forces

and being taken into custody for purposes of extortion.and being taken into custody for purposes of extortion.

During many demonstrations, crowds of people gather and burn tires, During many demonstrations, crowds of people gather and burn tires,

create roadblocks, and damage vehicles by throwing rocks and bricks.  create roadblocks, and damage vehicles by throwing rocks and bricks. 

The military has also been known to demonstrate and incite unrest due The military has also been known to demonstrate and incite unrest due

to their grievances with the government. to their grievances with the government. 

Guinea: Current Travel Guinea: Current Travel Warnings & AlertsWarnings & Alerts

Guinea: Current Travel Guinea: Current Travel Warnings & AlertsWarnings & Alerts

December 3, 2010December 3, 2010

Although Guinea has been Although Guinea has been

relatively calm since the interim relatively calm since the interim

government declared a State of government declared a State of

Emergency on November 18 to Emergency on November 18 to

deter violence and protests deter violence and protests

following the disputed November 7 following the disputed November 7

presidential election, large crowds presidential election, large crowds

of demonstrators have continued to of demonstrators have continued to

block major intersections block major intersections

throughout the capital, and pelt throughout the capital, and pelt

passing vehicles with rocks. passing vehicles with rocks. 

Additionally, an upsurge in property Additionally, an upsurge in property

crime has resulted in the issuance crime has resulted in the issuance

of a 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. curfew.of a 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. curfew.

Guinea: Medical Facilities & Guinea: Medical Facilities & Health InformationHealth Information

Guinea: Medical Facilities & Guinea: Medical Facilities & Health InformationHealth Information

Medical facilities are poorly equipped and extremely limited, both Medical facilities are poorly equipped and extremely limited, both

in the capital city and throughout Guinea. Medicines are in short in the capital city and throughout Guinea. Medicines are in short

supply, sterility of equipment should not be assumed, and supply, sterility of equipment should not be assumed, and

treatment is frequently unreliable.treatment is frequently unreliable.

There are no ambulance or emergency rescue services in Guinea There are no ambulance or emergency rescue services in Guinea

and trauma care is extremely limited.and trauma care is extremely limited.

Water in Guinea is presumed to be contaminated.Water in Guinea is presumed to be contaminated.

An estimated 170,000 adults and children were infected with AIDS An estimated 170,000 adults and children were infected with AIDS

at the end of 2004. The spread of the epidemic was attributed to at the end of 2004. The spread of the epidemic was attributed to

factors such as proximity to high-prevalence countries, a large factors such as proximity to high-prevalence countries, a large

refugee population, internal displacement and subregional refugee population, internal displacement and subregional

instability.instability.

Guinea: Plans for the Guinea: Plans for the FutureFuture

Guinea: Plans for the Guinea: Plans for the FutureFuture

The Guinean Government adopted policies in the 1990s to return The Guinean Government adopted policies in the 1990s to return

commercial activity to the private sector, promote investment, reduce the commercial activity to the private sector, promote investment, reduce the

role of the state in the economy, and improve the administrative and role of the state in the economy, and improve the administrative and

judicial framework.judicial framework.

Guinea has the potential to develop, if the government carries out its Guinea has the potential to develop, if the government carries out its

announced policy reforms, and if the private sector responds appropriately.announced policy reforms, and if the private sector responds appropriately.

So far, corruption and So far, corruption and favoritismfavoritism, lack of long-terms political stability, and , lack of long-terms political stability, and

lack of a transparent budgeting process continue to dampen foreign lack of a transparent budgeting process continue to dampen foreign

investor interest in major projects in Guinea.investor interest in major projects in Guinea.

Three main pillars: Sustaining faster economic growth and creating Three main pillars: Sustaining faster economic growth and creating

income-earning and employment opportunities, particularly for the rural income-earning and employment opportunities, particularly for the rural

poor; Improving and extending access to basic services; Improving poor; Improving and extending access to basic services; Improving

governance and strengthening institutional and human capacity. governance and strengthening institutional and human capacity. 

MaliMaliMaliMali

PeoplePeople

Education:Education:

Attendance--64.3% (primary).Attendance--64.3% (primary).

Literacy--31%. Literacy--31%.

Health:Health:

Infant mortality rate--121/1,000.Infant mortality rate--121/1,000.

Life expectancy--54 yrs. Life expectancy--54 yrs.

According to the World Health Organization in 2001 an estimated According to the World Health Organization in 2001 an estimated

91.6% of Mali's girls and women have had some form of female genital 91.6% of Mali's girls and women have had some form of female genital

cutting performed on them.cutting performed on them.

MaliMaliMaliMali

EconomyEconomy

GDP growth rate (2006 est.): 5.1%. GDP growth rate (2006 est.): 5.1%.

Per capita income (2006 est.): $470. Per capita income (2006 est.): $470.

Avg. inflation rate (2007): 1.4%.Avg. inflation rate (2007): 1.4%.

Mali's estimated 2006 per capita GDP of $470 placed it among Mali's estimated 2006 per capita GDP of $470 placed it among

the world's 10 poorest nations.the world's 10 poorest nations.

The high cost of petroleum products, the fall in the world market The high cost of petroleum products, the fall in the world market

price for cotton and gold, and corresponding loss of customs price for cotton and gold, and corresponding loss of customs

revenues put pressure on the economy and led the government revenues put pressure on the economy and led the government

to be very tight on cash disbursements in recent years.to be very tight on cash disbursements in recent years.

Mali: CrimeMali: CrimeMali: CrimeMali: Crime

Petty crimes, such as pick pocketing and simple theft, are common in urban areas.Petty crimes, such as pick pocketing and simple theft, are common in urban areas.

Criminals will not hesitate to use violence if they encounter resistance from their Criminals will not hesitate to use violence if they encounter resistance from their

victims.victims.

There are sporadic reports of nighttime robberies occurring on the roads outside of There are sporadic reports of nighttime robberies occurring on the roads outside of

the capital.the capital.

There has been a recent increase in violent criminal activity in Bamako. Several There has been a recent increase in violent criminal activity in Bamako. Several

violent attacks were reported in January 2010, most occurring south of the Niger violent attacks were reported in January 2010, most occurring south of the Niger

River in the neighborhood of Badalabougou. The reported attacks took place at River in the neighborhood of Badalabougou. The reported attacks took place at

night, and the majority have targeted unaccompanied individuals and ranged from night, and the majority have targeted unaccompanied individuals and ranged from

muggings at gun or knife point to physical assaults. Many of the attacks occurred muggings at gun or knife point to physical assaults. Many of the attacks occurred

near the residences of the victims, both inside and outside of their vehicles.near the residences of the victims, both inside and outside of their vehicles.

Sporadic banditry and random carjacking have historically plagued Mali's vast Sporadic banditry and random carjacking have historically plagued Mali's vast

northern desert region and its borders with Mauritania and Niger.northern desert region and its borders with Mauritania and Niger.

Mali: Safety & Mali: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Mali: Safety & Mali: Safety & SecuritySecurity

The terrorist group Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) continues to use The terrorist group Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) continues to use

northern Mali as a safe haven and platform from which to conduct operations.northern Mali as a safe haven and platform from which to conduct operations.

The threat posed by AQIM, potential Tuareg unrest, sporadic banditry, run-ins The threat posed by AQIM, potential Tuareg unrest, sporadic banditry, run-ins

with traffickers, and the porous nature of Mali’s northern borders with Algeria, with traffickers, and the porous nature of Mali’s northern borders with Algeria,

Niger, and Mauritania all reinforce longstanding security concerns affecting Niger, and Mauritania all reinforce longstanding security concerns affecting

travel to northern Mali. travel to northern Mali.

In addition to threats posed by AQIM and potential hostage takers, there have In addition to threats posed by AQIM and potential hostage takers, there have

been confrontations between the Malian military and Tuareg rebel groups in been confrontations between the Malian military and Tuareg rebel groups in

Nampala.Nampala.

Additionally, the Sahel has been used by traffickers in arms, drugs, and people Additionally, the Sahel has been used by traffickers in arms, drugs, and people

because of its remoteness and centralized location between Europe and Sub-because of its remoteness and centralized location between Europe and Sub-

Saharan Africa for hundreds of years. While these elements usually attempt to Saharan Africa for hundreds of years. While these elements usually attempt to

avoid contact with outsiders, even an accidental encounter could generate a avoid contact with outsiders, even an accidental encounter could generate a

violent response due to the illicit nature of their activities. violent response due to the illicit nature of their activities. 

Mali: Current Travel Warnings & Mali: Current Travel Warnings & AlertsAlerts

Mali: Current Travel Warnings & Mali: Current Travel Warnings & AlertsAlerts

March 2, 2011March 2, 2011

On January 5, 2011, an individual claiming connections to AQIM attacked the French On January 5, 2011, an individual claiming connections to AQIM attacked the French

Embassy in Bamako with a handgun and an improvised-explosive device. Two injuries Embassy in Bamako with a handgun and an improvised-explosive device. Two injuries

were reported.were reported.

On July 24, 2010, AQIM executed a French hostage in retaliation for the killing of six AQIM On July 24, 2010, AQIM executed a French hostage in retaliation for the killing of six AQIM

members during a Mauritanian-launched hostage rescue operation with French assistance members during a Mauritanian-launched hostage rescue operation with French assistance

in northern Mali.in northern Mali.

As a result of Western involvement in these operations, it is possible that AQIM will As a result of Western involvement in these operations, it is possible that AQIM will

attempt retaliatory attacks against Western targets of opportunity.attempt retaliatory attacks against Western targets of opportunity.

AQIM has also claimed responsibility for the kidnapping of four European tourists in AQIM has also claimed responsibility for the kidnapping of four European tourists in

January 2009 on the Mali-Niger border, and the murder of a British in Mali in June 2009January 2009 on the Mali-Niger border, and the murder of a British in Mali in June 2009

In addition to threats posed by AQIM and potential hostage takers, violent confrontations In addition to threats posed by AQIM and potential hostage takers, violent confrontations

between rival drug and arms traffickers have occurred in northern Mali over the past year.between rival drug and arms traffickers have occurred in northern Mali over the past year.

The threat posed by AQIM, sporadic banditry, and the porous nature of Mali’s northern The threat posed by AQIM, sporadic banditry, and the porous nature of Mali’s northern

borders with Algeria, Niger, and Mauritania all reinforce longstanding security concerns borders with Algeria, Niger, and Mauritania all reinforce longstanding security concerns

affecting travel to northern Mali.affecting travel to northern Mali.

Mali: Medical Facilities & Health Mali: Medical Facilities & Health InformationInformation

Mali: Medical Facilities & Health Mali: Medical Facilities & Health InformationInformation

Medical facilities in Mali are extremely Medical facilities in Mali are extremely

limited, especially outside of Bamako.limited, especially outside of Bamako.

Mali's health and development Mali's health and development

indicators rank among the worst in the indicators rank among the worst in the

world.world.

In 2000, only 62–65 percent of the In 2000, only 62–65 percent of the

population was estimated to have population was estimated to have

access to safe drinking water and only access to safe drinking water and only

69 percent to sanitation services of 69 percent to sanitation services of

some kind.some kind.

Mali’s population also suffers from a Mali’s population also suffers from a

high rate of child malnutrition and a high rate of child malnutrition and a

low rate of immunization.low rate of immunization.

Mali: Plans for the Mali: Plans for the FutureFuture

Mali: Plans for the Mali: Plans for the FutureFuture

Two strategic objectives: promote rapid Two strategic objectives: promote rapid

and broad-based growth, and strengthen and broad-based growth, and strengthen

public sector performance for service public sector performance for service

delivery.delivery.

Mali: Steps Already Mali: Steps Already TakenTaken

Mali: Steps Already Mali: Steps Already TakenTaken

Mali second transport sector project aims to provide better Mali second transport sector project aims to provide better

access and transport services to rural and urban communities by access and transport services to rural and urban communities by

improving key rural infrastructure in Mali and urban transport improving key rural infrastructure in Mali and urban transport

infrastructure in Bamako.infrastructure in Bamako.

Energy Support Project for Mali: improve the access and Energy Support Project for Mali: improve the access and

efficiency of electricity services in Bamako and in other targeted efficiency of electricity services in Bamako and in other targeted

areas in the country.areas in the country.

The Household Energy and Universal Rural Access Project The Household Energy and Universal Rural Access Project

supports the Government of Mali's efforts to increase the access supports the Government of Mali's efforts to increase the access

of isolated low income populations to basic energy services to of isolated low income populations to basic energy services to

help achieve economic growth and poverty reduction targets, help achieve economic growth and poverty reduction targets,

including those linked with the Millennium Development Goals.including those linked with the Millennium Development Goals.

Guinea-BissauGuinea-BissauGuinea-BissauGuinea-BissauPeoplePeople

Education:Education:

Years compulsory (required)--4.Years compulsory (required)--4.

Literacy (2008)--42.4% of adults.Literacy (2008)--42.4% of adults.

Health:Health:

Infant mortality rate (2009)--Infant mortality rate (2009)--

99.82/1,000.99.82/1,000.

Life expectancy (2009)--47.9 years.Life expectancy (2009)--47.9 years.

EconomyEconomy

GDP growth rate (2009): 3%.GDP growth rate (2009): 3%.

GDP per capita (2009): $512.GDP per capita (2009): $512.

More than two-thirds of the population lives below More than two-thirds of the population lives below

the poverty line.the poverty line.

Guinea-BissauGuinea-BissauGuinea-BissauGuinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau is among the world's least developed nations and depends Guinea-Bissau is among the world's least developed nations and depends

mainly on agriculture and fishing.mainly on agriculture and fishing.

The military conflict (civil war) that took place in Guinea-Bissau from June The military conflict (civil war) that took place in Guinea-Bissau from June

1998 to early 1999 caused severe damage to the country's infrastructure 1998 to early 1999 caused severe damage to the country's infrastructure

and widely disrupted economic activity.and widely disrupted economic activity.

Infrastructure and political instability are significant disincentives to Infrastructure and political instability are significant disincentives to

potential investors.potential investors.

The EU ended its mission to reform the country's security forces 4 August The EU ended its mission to reform the country's security forces 4 August

2010, a risk that may further embolden powerful generals and drug 2010, a risk that may further embolden powerful generals and drug

traffickers in the army and elsewhere.traffickers in the army and elsewhere.

A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic

activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic

imbalances.imbalances.

Guinea-Bissau: Safety & Guinea-Bissau: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Guinea-Bissau: Safety & Guinea-Bissau: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Although the civil war that led to the suspension of operations of Although the civil war that led to the suspension of operations of

the U.S. Embassy ended in 1999 and elections were held in 2005, the U.S. Embassy ended in 1999 and elections were held in 2005,

2008 and 2009, political tensions do persist.2008 and 2009, political tensions do persist.

Sporadic politically-motivated violence remains a problem.  For Sporadic politically-motivated violence remains a problem.  For

example, in March 2009, the Armed Forces Chief of Staff was example, in March 2009, the Armed Forces Chief of Staff was

assassinated, prompting members of the military to kill the assassinated, prompting members of the military to kill the

President in retaliation.President in retaliation.

The potential for future political unrest remains high.The potential for future political unrest remains high.

Unexploded military ordnance and land mines remain scattered Unexploded military ordnance and land mines remain scattered

throughout the country.  Although the capital city of Bissau was throughout the country.  Although the capital city of Bissau was

declared “mine-free” in June 2006 by the national de-mining declared “mine-free” in June 2006 by the national de-mining

center, occasional findings or unintentional explosions do occur.center, occasional findings or unintentional explosions do occur.

Guinea-Bissau: Medical Guinea-Bissau: Medical Facilities & Health InformationFacilities & Health Information

Guinea-Bissau: Medical Guinea-Bissau: Medical Facilities & Health InformationFacilities & Health Information

Modern medical Modern medical

facilities are virtually facilities are virtually

nonexistent in Guinea-nonexistent in Guinea-

Bissau.Bissau.

The WHO estimates that The WHO estimates that

there are fewer than 5 there are fewer than 5

physicians per 100,000 physicians per 100,000

persons in the country.persons in the country.

Guinea-Bissau: Plans for the Guinea-Bissau: Plans for the FutureFuture

Guinea-Bissau: Plans for the Guinea-Bissau: Plans for the FutureFuture

The key challenges for the The key challenges for the

country in the period country in the period

ahead would be to achieve ahead would be to achieve

fiscal discipline, rebuild fiscal discipline, rebuild

public administration, public administration,

improve the economic improve the economic

climate for private climate for private

investment, and promote investment, and promote

economic diversification.economic diversification.

Guinea-Bissau: Steps Already Guinea-Bissau: Steps Already TakenTaken

Guinea-Bissau: Steps Already Guinea-Bissau: Steps Already TakenTaken

The Emergency Food Security Support Project: The Emergency Food Security Support Project:

improve food security for the most vulnerable improve food security for the most vulnerable

populations, including children, and increase populations, including children, and increase

smallholder rice production in project areas.smallholder rice production in project areas.

The Private Sector Rehabilitation and The Private Sector Rehabilitation and

Development Project aimed at increased Development Project aimed at increased

investment, competitiveness, and participation investment, competitiveness, and participation

of the private sector in economic activity.of the private sector in economic activity.

MauritaniaMauritaniaMauritaniaMauritaniaPeoplePeople

Education:Education:

Years compulsory (required)--six.Years compulsory (required)--six.

Attendance (student population Attendance (student population

enrolled in primary school)--82%.enrolled in primary school)--82%.

Adult literacy (% of population age Adult literacy (% of population age

15+)--59%.15+)--59%.

Health:Health:

Infant mortality rate--67/1,000.Infant mortality rate--67/1,000.

Life expectancy--64 yrs.Life expectancy--64 yrs.

EconomyEconomy

GDP growth rate (2009): -0.9%.GDP growth rate (2009): -0.9%.

Per capita GDP (2009): $939.Per capita GDP (2009): $939.

Mauritania: Political Mauritania: Political ConditionsConditions

Mauritania: Political Mauritania: Political ConditionsConditions

Politics in Mauritania have always been heavily influenced by Politics in Mauritania have always been heavily influenced by

the military and by "strong men" or personalities. A leader's the military and by "strong men" or personalities. A leader's

ability to exercise political power depends upon control over ability to exercise political power depends upon control over

resources; financial means; perceived strength; and tribal, resources; financial means; perceived strength; and tribal,

ethnic, and family considerations.ethnic, and family considerations.

Conflict among White Moor, Black Moor, and Black African Conflict among White Moor, Black Moor, and Black African

Mauritanian groups, centering on unequal access to power, Mauritanian groups, centering on unequal access to power,

language, government, education, and land tenure, continues language, government, education, and land tenure, continues

to be a major challenge to national unity.to be a major challenge to national unity.

Slavery, and the repatriation and compensation of victims from Slavery, and the repatriation and compensation of victims from

the 1989-90 purges of Afro-Mauritanians are still socio-political the 1989-90 purges of Afro-Mauritanians are still socio-political

issues awaiting resolution.issues awaiting resolution.

Mauritania: CrimeMauritania: CrimeMauritania: CrimeMauritania: CrimeCrime in Mauritania is moderate but Crime in Mauritania is moderate but

steadily increasing.steadily increasing.

Most incidents occur in the cities and Most incidents occur in the cities and

larger towns and are petty crimes, such larger towns and are petty crimes, such

as pick-pocketing and the theft of as pick-pocketing and the theft of

improperly secured or openly visible improperly secured or openly visible

valuables left in vehicles.valuables left in vehicles.

Residential burglaries and robberies, Residential burglaries and robberies,

particularly at the beaches in particularly at the beaches in

Nouakchott, are not uncommon.Nouakchott, are not uncommon.

Violent crimes and crimes involving the Violent crimes and crimes involving the

use of weapons are rare, but use of weapons are rare, but

increasing. increasing. 

Mauritania: Safety & Mauritania: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Mauritania: Safety & Mauritania: Safety & SecuritySecurity

There is increasing activity by the terrorist group Al Qaeda in the There is increasing activity by the terrorist group Al Qaeda in the

Land of the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) in Mauritania.Land of the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) in Mauritania.

On August 24, 2010, a suicide bomber attacked a Mauritanian On August 24, 2010, a suicide bomber attacked a Mauritanian

military barracks in Nema.  On December 18, 2009, two Italian military barracks in Nema.  On December 18, 2009, two Italian

citizens were kidnapped from their vehicle near the town of Aioun.citizens were kidnapped from their vehicle near the town of Aioun.

On November 29, 2009, three Spanish NGO workers were On November 29, 2009, three Spanish NGO workers were

kidnapped from their vehicle while traveling from Nouadhibou to kidnapped from their vehicle while traveling from Nouadhibou to

Nouakchott. On August 8, 2009 there was a suicide bombing near Nouakchott. On August 8, 2009 there was a suicide bombing near

the French Embassy in Nouakchott.  Two French guards and one the French Embassy in Nouakchott.  Two French guards and one

Mauritanian citizen were injured.  The bomber is believed to have Mauritanian citizen were injured.  The bomber is believed to have

been a member of, or acting under the orders of, AQIM.been a member of, or acting under the orders of, AQIM.

Listed above are just a few examples out of many!Listed above are just a few examples out of many!

Mauritania: Safety & Security Mauritania: Safety & Security (Continued...)(Continued...)

Mauritania: Safety & Security Mauritania: Safety & Security (Continued...)(Continued...)

The Mauritanian military led a bloodless coup on August 6, 2008.  International The Mauritanian military led a bloodless coup on August 6, 2008.  International

mediation resulted in the creation of a Government of National Unity that held mediation resulted in the creation of a Government of National Unity that held

elections on July 18, 2009.  These elections were certified to have been elections on July 18, 2009.  These elections were certified to have been

satisfactorily free and fair.  However, the possibility of political instability or of satisfactorily free and fair.  However, the possibility of political instability or of

spontaneous violent protests still remains. spontaneous violent protests still remains. 

Deteriorating economic conditions could cause civil unrest.Deteriorating economic conditions could cause civil unrest.

Land mines also remain a danger along the border with the Western Sahara.Land mines also remain a danger along the border with the Western Sahara.

Mauritania: Current Travel Mauritania: Current Travel Warnings & AlertsWarnings & Alerts

Mauritania: Current Travel Mauritania: Current Travel Warnings & AlertsWarnings & Alerts

March 11, 2011March 11, 2011

AQIM continues to demonstrate its intent and ability to conduct attacks against foreign AQIM continues to demonstrate its intent and ability to conduct attacks against foreign

nationals.nationals.

On February 2, 2011, Mauritanian security forces successfully prevented a car bombing in the On February 2, 2011, Mauritanian security forces successfully prevented a car bombing in the

capital city, Nouakchott, by intercepting and destroying a vehicle containing large quantities of capital city, Nouakchott, by intercepting and destroying a vehicle containing large quantities of

explosive materials. All passengers in the vehicle were killed when the vehicle exploded during explosive materials. All passengers in the vehicle were killed when the vehicle exploded during

the engagement with Mauritanian security forces.the engagement with Mauritanian security forces.

A second vehicle containing explosive materials was found abandoned in Rkiz, in southern A second vehicle containing explosive materials was found abandoned in Rkiz, in southern

Mauritania. Mauritanian authorities apprehended the passengers of the abandoned vehicle Mauritania. Mauritanian authorities apprehended the passengers of the abandoned vehicle

before they were able to escape into Senegal.before they were able to escape into Senegal.

AQIM claimed responsibility for both of these attempted car bombings.AQIM claimed responsibility for both of these attempted car bombings.

On August 24, 2010, a suicide bomber attacked a Mauritanian military barracks in Nema. On On August 24, 2010, a suicide bomber attacked a Mauritanian military barracks in Nema. On

December 19, 2009, two Italian citizens were kidnapped while traveling near Kobenni, in December 19, 2009, two Italian citizens were kidnapped while traveling near Kobenni, in

eastern Mauritania, and in November 2009, three Spanish NGO workers were kidnapped from eastern Mauritania, and in November 2009, three Spanish NGO workers were kidnapped from

their vehicle while driving from Nouadhibou to Nouakchott.their vehicle while driving from Nouadhibou to Nouakchott.

A suicide bombing near the French Embassy in Nouakchott, on August 8, 2009, injured two A suicide bombing near the French Embassy in Nouakchott, on August 8, 2009, injured two

French guards and one Mauritanian citizen. The bomber is believed to have acted on orders French guards and one Mauritanian citizen. The bomber is believed to have acted on orders

from AQIM.from AQIM.

Mauritania: Current Travel Mauritania: Current Travel Warnings & Alerts Warnings & Alerts

(Continued...)(Continued...)

Mauritania: Current Travel Mauritania: Current Travel Warnings & Alerts Warnings & Alerts

(Continued...)(Continued...)March 11, 2011 (Continued...)March 11, 2011 (Continued...)

On June 23, 2009, a private U.S. citizen was shot and killed in Nouakchott in an On June 23, 2009, a private U.S. citizen was shot and killed in Nouakchott in an

apparent kidnapping attempt by individuals associated with AQIM.apparent kidnapping attempt by individuals associated with AQIM.

Terrorists also killed 11 Mauritanian soldiers out on patrol approximately 40 Terrorists also killed 11 Mauritanian soldiers out on patrol approximately 40

miles from the northern town of Zouerate in September 2008.miles from the northern town of Zouerate in September 2008.

The Israeli Embassy and an adjoining nightclub frequented by Westerners were The Israeli Embassy and an adjoining nightclub frequented by Westerners were

attacked in Nouakchott in February 2008.attacked in Nouakchott in February 2008.

In December 2007, terrorists shot and killed four French tourists and wounded a In December 2007, terrorists shot and killed four French tourists and wounded a

fifth near the town of Aleg in southeastern Mauritania. Two days later, terrorists fifth near the town of Aleg in southeastern Mauritania. Two days later, terrorists

killed four soldiers near the town of El Ghallaouiya in northern Mauritania. The killed four soldiers near the town of El Ghallaouiya in northern Mauritania. The

perpetrators of these attacks are all believed to be linked to AQIM.perpetrators of these attacks are all believed to be linked to AQIM.

There have been reports of banditry and smuggling in the more remote parts of There have been reports of banditry and smuggling in the more remote parts of

Mauritania.Mauritania.

Land mines remain a danger along the border with the Western Sahara.Land mines remain a danger along the border with the Western Sahara.

Mauritania: Medical Facilities & Mauritania: Medical Facilities & Health InformationHealth Information

Mauritania: Medical Facilities & Mauritania: Medical Facilities & Health InformationHealth Information

Medical facilities in Mauritania are limited.  There are few modern Medical facilities in Mauritania are limited.  There are few modern

clinics or hospitals beyond the capital and a few major towns.clinics or hospitals beyond the capital and a few major towns.

Because of the Mauritanian views of beauty, in which obese women Because of the Mauritanian views of beauty, in which obese women

are considered beautiful while thin women are sometimes regarded are considered beautiful while thin women are sometimes regarded

as "sickly", the obesity rate among Mauritanian women is high.as "sickly", the obesity rate among Mauritanian women is high.

Mauritania: Plans for the Mauritania: Plans for the FutureFuture

Mauritania: Plans for the Mauritania: Plans for the FutureFuture

It is imperative that Mauritania pursue further growth driven by the It is imperative that Mauritania pursue further growth driven by the

private sector and that it diversify its economy by drawing the private sector and that it diversify its economy by drawing the

most from the natural resources of the country, including its most from the natural resources of the country, including its

fishing resources and mineral deposits.fishing resources and mineral deposits.

Improving public spending and finance management is crucial in Improving public spending and finance management is crucial in

order to support improved access to public utilities in Mauritania.order to support improved access to public utilities in Mauritania.

There are also challenges looming in the following areas: justice, There are also challenges looming in the following areas: justice,

the struggle against corruption, the role of the civil sector, the the struggle against corruption, the role of the civil sector, the

efficient and transparent management of public utilities, the efficient and transparent management of public utilities, the

modernization of public administration, the role of local modernization of public administration, the role of local

communities and their decentralization and the private sector.communities and their decentralization and the private sector.

Mauritania: Steps Already Mauritania: Steps Already TakenTaken

Mauritania: Steps Already Mauritania: Steps Already TakenTaken

The Mauritania Community-Based Rural Development The Mauritania Community-Based Rural Development

Project:  Putting communities at the center of development Project:  Putting communities at the center of development

programs.programs.

Locust Threat: Success of the African Emergency Locust Locust Threat: Success of the African Emergency Locust

Project.Project.

Urban Development Program: Improving Precarious Urban Development Program: Improving Precarious

Habitat.Habitat.

Education: Preparing for Tomorrow's Schools.Education: Preparing for Tomorrow's Schools.

Fight Against HIV/AIDS: Better Management of Skills Fight Against HIV/AIDS: Better Management of Skills

Acquired.Acquired.

NigerNigerNigerNigerPeoplePeople

Education:Education:

Years compulsory (required)--6.Years compulsory (required)--6.

Attendance--45% (men), 31% (women).Attendance--45% (men), 31% (women).

Literacy (2008)--30.% (15% for women).Literacy (2008)--30.% (15% for women).

Health:Health:

Infant mortality rate--150/1,000.Infant mortality rate--150/1,000.

Life expectancy--51 yrs.Life expectancy--51 yrs.

The child mortality rate (deaths among children under age of 5) is particularly high (198 The child mortality rate (deaths among children under age of 5) is particularly high (198

per 1,000) due to generally poor health conditions and inadequate nutrition for most of per 1,000) due to generally poor health conditions and inadequate nutrition for most of

the country's children.the country's children.

Niger's fertility rate (7.8 births/woman), is among the highest in the world, and is far Niger's fertility rate (7.8 births/woman), is among the highest in the world, and is far

higher than the sub-Saharan African average of 5.4.higher than the sub-Saharan African average of 5.4.

Two-thirds (66.7%) of the Nigerian population is under age 25.Two-thirds (66.7%) of the Nigerian population is under age 25.

NigerNigerNigerNigerEconomyEconomy

GDP growth rate (2009): 1.2%.GDP growth rate (2009): 1.2%.

Per capita GDP (2009): $360.Per capita GDP (2009): $360.

Avg. inflation rate (2009): 4.8%.Avg. inflation rate (2009): 4.8%.

Avg. inflation rate (Sept. 09 to Aug. 2010): 0.6%.Avg. inflation rate (Sept. 09 to Aug. 2010): 0.6%.

One of the poorest countries in the world, ranking last on the United Nations One of the poorest countries in the world, ranking last on the United Nations

Human Development Index, Niger's economy is based largely on subsistence Human Development Index, Niger's economy is based largely on subsistence

crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits.crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits.

Niger’s economic growth rates vary widely reflecting the effect of rainfall on Niger’s economic growth rates vary widely reflecting the effect of rainfall on

agricultural output.agricultural output.

Poor legal and physical infrastructure make investment less attractive for Poor legal and physical infrastructure make investment less attractive for

smaller firms.smaller firms.

Niger: Political Niger: Political ConditionsConditions

Niger: Political Niger: Political ConditionsConditions

In February 2007, a previously unknown rebel group, the Movement In February 2007, a previously unknown rebel group, the Movement

of Nigerians for Justice, emerged as a formidable threat to peace in of Nigerians for Justice, emerged as a formidable threat to peace in

the north of Niger. The predominantly Tuareg group issued a number the north of Niger. The predominantly Tuareg group issued a number

of demands, mainly related to development in the north. It attacked of demands, mainly related to development in the north. It attacked

military and other facilities and laid land mines in the north.military and other facilities and laid land mines in the north.

The resulting insecurity devastated Niger's tourist industry and The resulting insecurity devastated Niger's tourist industry and

deterred investment in mining and oil.deterred investment in mining and oil.

Drought cycles, desertification, a 2.9% population growth rate, and Drought cycles, desertification, a 2.9% population growth rate, and

the drop in world demand for uranium have undercut the economy.the drop in world demand for uranium have undercut the economy.

Rainfall varies and when insufficient, Niger has difficulty feeding its Rainfall varies and when insufficient, Niger has difficulty feeding its

population and must rely on grain purchases and food aid to meet population and must rely on grain purchases and food aid to meet

food requirements.food requirements.

Niger: CrimeNiger: CrimeNiger: CrimeNiger: Crime

Crime rates — primarily thefts, robberies, and Crime rates — primarily thefts, robberies, and

residential break-ins — are extremely high. residential break-ins — are extremely high.

Thefts and petty crimes are common day or Thefts and petty crimes are common day or

night.night.

Armed attacks are normally committed at Armed attacks are normally committed at

night by groups of two to four persons, with night by groups of two to four persons, with

one assailant confronting the victim with a one assailant confronting the victim with a

weapon while the others provide surveillance weapon while the others provide surveillance

or a show of force.or a show of force.

Recent criminal incidents in Niger have Recent criminal incidents in Niger have

included carjacking, sexual assaults, home included carjacking, sexual assaults, home

invasions, and muggings.invasions, and muggings.

Niger: Safety & Niger: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Niger: Safety & Niger: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Conditions of insecurity persist in the Conditions of insecurity persist in the

northern and western areas of Niger.northern and western areas of Niger.

campuses, or other gathering places campuses, or other gathering places

such as public parks. Although such as public parks. Although

demonstrations can occur demonstrations can occur

spontaneously, large student spontaneously, large student

demonstrations typically begin in demonstrations typically begin in

January and February and continue January and February and continue

through May.through May.

Many past demonstrations have Many past demonstrations have

involved rock throwing and tire burning, involved rock throwing and tire burning,

especially at key intersections in the especially at key intersections in the

city of Niamey.city of Niamey.

Niger: Current Travel Warnings Niger: Current Travel Warnings & Alerts& Alerts

Niger: Current Travel Warnings Niger: Current Travel Warnings & Alerts& Alerts

January 12, 2011January 12, 2011

Al-Qaida in the Lands of the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), a terrorist group, Al-Qaida in the Lands of the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), a terrorist group,

continues its attempts to kidnap Westerners in Niger and has been continues its attempts to kidnap Westerners in Niger and has been

successful in kidnapping Europeans in the region.successful in kidnapping Europeans in the region.

On January 7, two French nationals were kidnapped in the capital city On January 7, two French nationals were kidnapped in the capital city

of Niamey. They were found dead less than 24 hours later following a of Niamey. They were found dead less than 24 hours later following a

rescue attempt by French and Nigerian military forces.rescue attempt by French and Nigerian military forces.

In September 2010, seven people, including five French citizens, a In September 2010, seven people, including five French citizens, a

Togolese national, and a Malagasy citizen, were kidnapped by AQIM Togolese national, and a Malagasy citizen, were kidnapped by AQIM

from the northern mining town of Arlit. All are still being held hostage from the northern mining town of Arlit. All are still being held hostage

by AQIM.by AQIM.

In November 2009, heavily armed individuals attempted to kidnap In November 2009, heavily armed individuals attempted to kidnap

U.S. Embassy officials in Tahoua.U.S. Embassy officials in Tahoua.

Niger: Medical Facilities & Niger: Medical Facilities & Health InformationHealth Information

Niger: Medical Facilities & Niger: Medical Facilities & Health InformationHealth Information

Health facilities are extremely limited Health facilities are extremely limited

in Niamey, and completely inadequate in Niamey, and completely inadequate

outside the capital. Although outside the capital. Although

physicians are generally well trained, physicians are generally well trained,

almost all hospitals in Niamey suffer almost all hospitals in Niamey suffer

from inadequate facilities, antiquated from inadequate facilities, antiquated

equipment, and shortages of supplies, equipment, and shortages of supplies,

particularly medicines.particularly medicines.

Emergency assistance is also Emergency assistance is also

extremely limited.extremely limited.

Tap water is unsafe to drink Tap water is unsafe to drink

throughout Niger and should be throughout Niger and should be

avoided.avoided.

Niger: Plans for the Niger: Plans for the FutureFuture

Niger: Plans for the Niger: Plans for the FutureFuture

The The Kandadji DamKandadji Dam on the Niger River, whose construction started in August on the Niger River, whose construction started in August

2008, is expected to improve agricultural production in the Tillaberi 2008, is expected to improve agricultural production in the Tillaberi

Department by providing water for the irrigation of 6,000 hectares initially Department by providing water for the irrigation of 6,000 hectares initially

and of 45,000 hectares by 2034.and of 45,000 hectares by 2034.

The present government actively seeks foreign private investment and The present government actively seeks foreign private investment and

considers it key to restoring economic growth and development.considers it key to restoring economic growth and development.

Niger: Steps Already Niger: Steps Already TakenTaken

Niger: Steps Already Niger: Steps Already TakenTaken

The reforms improved budget execution, The reforms improved budget execution,

reduced disparities between voted and reduced disparities between voted and

executed budgets, secured priority executed budgets, secured priority

expenditures, and strengthened internal and expenditures, and strengthened internal and

external controls.external controls.

The pilot Second Private Irrigation Promotion The pilot Second Private Irrigation Promotion

Projects helped expand small-scale irrigation Projects helped expand small-scale irrigation

systems and technologies across the country.systems and technologies across the country.

SenegalSenegalSenegalSenegal

PeoplePeople

Education:Education:

Attendance--primary 75.8%, Attendance--primary 75.8%,

middle school 26.5%, secondary middle school 26.5%, secondary

11% (estimated).11% (estimated).

Literacy--59.1%.Literacy--59.1%.

Health:Health:

Infant mortality rate--57.7/1,000.Infant mortality rate--57.7/1,000.

Life expectancy--59.38 yearsLife expectancy--59.38 years

SenegalSenegalSenegalSenegal

EconomyEconomy

GDP growth rate (2010): 3.9%.GDP growth rate (2010): 3.9%.

Per capita GDP (2010): $1,900.Per capita GDP (2010): $1,900.

Inflation rate (2009): -0.9%.Inflation rate (2009): -0.9%.

Its economy is highly vulnerable to variations in rainfall and Its economy is highly vulnerable to variations in rainfall and

changes in world commodity prices.changes in world commodity prices.

Senegal depends heavily on foreign assistance.Senegal depends heavily on foreign assistance.

Senegal: CrimeSenegal: CrimeSenegal: CrimeSenegal: Crime

Minor street crime is very common in Senegal, particularly in Minor street crime is very common in Senegal, particularly in

cities.  Most reported incidents involve pickpockets and purse-cities.  Most reported incidents involve pickpockets and purse-

snatchers, who are especially active in large crowds and around snatchers, who are especially active in large crowds and around

tourists. Aggressive vendors, panhandlers and street children may tourists. Aggressive vendors, panhandlers and street children may

attempt to divert the victim’s attention while an accomplice attempt to divert the victim’s attention while an accomplice

carries out the crime.carries out the crime.

There is traditionally an increase in crime before major religious There is traditionally an increase in crime before major religious

holidays.holidays.

Violent crimes and crimes involving the use of weapons are Violent crimes and crimes involving the use of weapons are

increasing.increasing.

Break-ins at residential houses occur frequently as in major cities Break-ins at residential houses occur frequently as in major cities

everywhere. everywhere. 

Senegal: Safety & Senegal: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Senegal: Safety & Senegal: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Public demonstrations, political gatherings, and student protests are relatively Public demonstrations, political gatherings, and student protests are relatively

common in Senegal, both in Dakar and in outlying regions, particularly on Friday common in Senegal, both in Dakar and in outlying regions, particularly on Friday

afternoons. In the past, these events have sometimes turned violent.afternoons. In the past, these events have sometimes turned violent.

Banditry occurs with some regularity on the main highways after dark, particularly Banditry occurs with some regularity on the main highways after dark, particularly

in the central and eastern area of Senegal, including around Tambacounda and in the central and eastern area of Senegal, including around Tambacounda and

Matam.Matam.

Violent clashes in the region between government forces and alleged members of Violent clashes in the region between government forces and alleged members of

the Movement of the Democratic Forces of the Casamance (MFDC) increased the Movement of the Democratic Forces of the Casamance (MFDC) increased

considerably during 2010. At least eight soldiers and one civilian were killed by considerably during 2010. At least eight soldiers and one civilian were killed by

alleged MFDC rebels between January and September 2010.alleged MFDC rebels between January and September 2010.

There are also reports of splintering within the MFDC’s southern and northern There are also reports of splintering within the MFDC’s southern and northern

wings.  The leaders of these splinter groups are considered hardliners who are wings.  The leaders of these splinter groups are considered hardliners who are

more likely to engage in armed violence, attacking both government and civilian more likely to engage in armed violence, attacking both government and civilian

targets.targets.

Land mine explosions continue to plague inhabitants of the Casamance.Land mine explosions continue to plague inhabitants of the Casamance.

Senegal: Medical Facilities & Senegal: Medical Facilities & Health InformationHealth Information

Senegal: Medical Facilities & Senegal: Medical Facilities & Health InformationHealth Information

Several hospitals and clinics in the Several hospitals and clinics in the

capital, Dakar, can treat major and capital, Dakar, can treat major and

minor injuries and illnesses; however, minor injuries and illnesses; however,

medical facilities outside Dakar are medical facilities outside Dakar are

extremely limited.  These facilities are extremely limited.  These facilities are

not prepared to handle major injuries.not prepared to handle major injuries.

Water supplies in Senegal are not Water supplies in Senegal are not

consistently free of disease-causing consistently free of disease-causing

microorganisms.microorganisms.

Raw vegetables and fruits should be Raw vegetables and fruits should be

washed in a bleach solution before washed in a bleach solution before

eating (for visitors).eating (for visitors).

Tuberculosis is an increasingly Tuberculosis is an increasingly

serious health concern in Senegal.serious health concern in Senegal.

Senegal: Plans for the Senegal: Plans for the FutureFuture

Senegal: Plans for the Senegal: Plans for the FutureFuture

Three main pillars: (i) Accelerated growth/ Three main pillars: (i) Accelerated growth/

wealth creation, (ii) human wealth creation, (ii) human

development/shared growth, (iii) rural and development/shared growth, (iii) rural and

urban synergies.urban synergies.

Senegal: Steps Already Senegal: Steps Already TakenTaken

Senegal: Steps Already Senegal: Steps Already TakenTaken

The World Bank and other donors have provided assistance to The World Bank and other donors have provided assistance to

the Government in the area of public finance management.the Government in the area of public finance management.

In terms of promoting a competitive investment climate, Bank In terms of promoting a competitive investment climate, Bank

support is provided through the Private Investment Promotion support is provided through the Private Investment Promotion

project and an Investment Climate Assessment.project and an Investment Climate Assessment.

Gender parity has already been attained at the primary level, Gender parity has already been attained at the primary level,

and the overall access goal is almost met, with 90 percent and the overall access goal is almost met, with 90 percent

gross enrollment in primary in 2008.gross enrollment in primary in 2008.

The CAS is supporting an important program designed to The CAS is supporting an important program designed to

improve urban mobility and access in and out of Dakar and improve urban mobility and access in and out of Dakar and

promote regional centers.promote regional centers.

TogoTogoTogoTogo

PeoplePeople

Education:Education:

Attendance (2006)--74.6% of age Attendance (2006)--74.6% of age

group 6-11 enrolled.group 6-11 enrolled.

Literacy (2006)--male 70%, Literacy (2006)--male 70%,

female 44%.female 44%.

Health:Health:

Life expectancy (2011)--male 60 Life expectancy (2011)--male 60

years, female 65 years.years, female 65 years.

Togo: Political Togo: Political ConditionsConditions

Togo: Political Togo: Political ConditionsConditions

Deeply flawed elections held in April 2005 were marred by violence and Deeply flawed elections held in April 2005 were marred by violence and

widespread accusations of vote tampering, causing tens of thousands of widespread accusations of vote tampering, causing tens of thousands of

Togolese to flee to neighboring Benin and Ghana.Togolese to flee to neighboring Benin and Ghana.

Now in his second term, President Faure Gnassingbe continues to face a Now in his second term, President Faure Gnassingbe continues to face a

significant challenge: balancing entrenched interests with the need to significant challenge: balancing entrenched interests with the need to

implement democratic reforms and revive Togo's deteriorating economy.implement democratic reforms and revive Togo's deteriorating economy.

Togo's long-suffering population has seen its living standards decline Togo's long-suffering population has seen its living standards decline

precipitously since the beginning of the 1990s.precipitously since the beginning of the 1990s.

Political instability during the last decade has eroded Togo's position as a Political instability during the last decade has eroded Togo's position as a

trading center.trading center.

Togo long served as a regional banking center, but that position has been Togo long served as a regional banking center, but that position has been

eroded by the political instability and economic downturn of the early eroded by the political instability and economic downturn of the early

1990s.1990s.

Togo: CrimeTogo: CrimeTogo: CrimeTogo: Crime

Over the past year, Togo has seen a marked increase in Over the past year, Togo has seen a marked increase in

incidents of violent crime throughout the country.  Recent incidents of violent crime throughout the country.  Recent

incidents have included machete attacks as well as an incidents have included machete attacks as well as an

unfortunate rise in the number of firearms-related crimes. unfortunate rise in the number of firearms-related crimes. 

Rapid inflation and food shortages have contributed to Rapid inflation and food shortages have contributed to

increases in already-critical crime levels in both urban and increases in already-critical crime levels in both urban and

developing areas.developing areas.

Pick-pocketing incidents and theft are common in Togo, Pick-pocketing incidents and theft are common in Togo,

especially along the beach and in the market areas of Lomé.especially along the beach and in the market areas of Lomé.

Residential and business burglaries are becoming frequent in Residential and business burglaries are becoming frequent in

Lomé.Lomé.

Togo: Safety & Togo: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Togo: Safety & Togo: Safety & SecuritySecurity

Togo has experienced periodic Togo has experienced periodic

violence, strikes, and political violence, strikes, and political

tensions since 1990.tensions since 1990.

Following the death of Following the death of

President Eyadema in February President Eyadema in February

2005, political activists took to 2005, political activists took to

the streets and held the streets and held

demonstrations throughout the demonstrations throughout the

country that resulted in more country that resulted in more

than 500 deaths and than 500 deaths and

thousands of political refugees thousands of political refugees

to neighboring countries.to neighboring countries.

Togo: Medical Facilities & Togo: Medical Facilities & Health InformationHealth Information

Togo: Medical Facilities & Togo: Medical Facilities & Health InformationHealth Information

Medical facilities in Medical facilities in

Togo are limited and Togo are limited and

of very poor quality; of very poor quality;

emergency medical emergency medical

care is inadequate.care is inadequate.

Availability of Availability of

medications through medications through

local pharmacies is local pharmacies is

unreliable.unreliable.

Togo: Plans for the Togo: Plans for the FutureFuture

Togo: Plans for the Togo: Plans for the FutureFuture

Plan to revive economic growth and improve living conditions within Plan to revive economic growth and improve living conditions within

a stable macroeconomic environment by:a stable macroeconomic environment by:

Bringing public debt to a sustainable level through gradual fiscal Bringing public debt to a sustainable level through gradual fiscal

adjustment and HIPC/MDRI debt reliefadjustment and HIPC/MDRI debt relief

Facilitating the resumption of external assistanceFacilitating the resumption of external assistance

Increasing resources for infrastructure, agriculture, health, and Increasing resources for infrastructure, agriculture, health, and

educationeducation

Strengthening fiscal governanceStrengthening fiscal governance

Restructuring fragile banksRestructuring fragile banks

Reforming the business environment and state-owned Reforming the business environment and state-owned

enterprisesenterprises

Togo: Steps Already Togo: Steps Already TakenTaken

Togo: Steps Already Togo: Steps Already TakenTaken

Rural communities take charge of their Rural communities take charge of their

own developmentown development

Improving urban infrastructure in Lomé Improving urban infrastructure in Lomé

and its surroundingsand its surroundings

Economic Recovery and Governance Economic Recovery and Governance

Grants help promote good governance Grants help promote good governance

and transparencyand transparency

THE END!THE END!THE END!THE END!

Now, it’s time for a game of jeopardy!Now, it’s time for a game of jeopardy!