6th Grade Science

Released SOL Items

Venus, the moon, Mars, and the sun are all visible in our sky. All but one of

these reflect light from another source.Which of the following produces its

own light?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Venus

B. The moon

C. Mars

D. The sun

According to the graph, which air pollutant decreased the most from 1970 to 1991?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Carbon monoxide

B. Sulfur oxides

C. Particulates

D. Lead

Water stored behind a dam is anexample of what type of energy?

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Kin

etic

Pote

ntial

Sola

r

Chem

ical

25% 25%25%25%A. Kinetic

B. Potential

C. Solar

D. Chemical

Which of the following has the leasteffect on lake water temperature?

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21 22 23 24 25 T

he dep

th o

f the

water

The

angle

of i

ncom

i..

The

number

of f

ish in

...

The

lake

’s s

urface

are

a

25% 25%25%25%A. The depth of the water

B. The angle of incoming sun rays

C. The number of fish in the lake

D. The lake’s surface area

Which of these experimental designs would best test this hypothesis?

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25% 25%25%25%

Hypothesis: The addition of a fertilizer to soil will increase plant growth.

A. B.

C. D.

Which animal has a life span closest to that of sheep?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Dog

B. Cat

C. Horse

D. Cow

Fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal have what kind of energy?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 M

echa

nical

ener

gy

Chem

ical

ener

gy

Ele

ctric

al e

nergy

Nucl

ear e

nergy

25% 25%25%25%A. Mechanical energy

B. Chemical energy

C. Electrical energy

D. Nuclear energy

After fishing in the ocean, a student left his fishing gear in the sun to dry. Later, he noticed that small white

crystals had formed on the rod, reel, and fishing line. Which of these is the best explanation of what

occurred?

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25% 25%25%25%A. The water evaporated from the fishing

gear, and sand was attracted to it.

B. The fish that were caught left scales on the fishing gear.

C. The salt in the ocean water reacted with the fishing gear and caused it to rust.

D. The water evaporated from the fishing gear, and salt from the ocean was left behind.

What type of energy does the windmill use to do work?

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A. Mechanical

B. Nuclear

C. Chemical

D. Electrical

Which of these would be the best way to prove that a pine stick is more flexible than an oak

stick?

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25% 25%25%25%A.B.

C. D.

Because zinc can combine with othersubstances but cannot be changed into a

simpler substance by an ordinary chemical process, zinc is classified as —

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21 22 23 24 25 a c

ompo

und

a m

ixtu

re

an e

lem

ent

an a

cid

25% 25%25%25%A. a compound

B. a mixture

C. an element

D. an acid

Astronomers view objects in spacethrough scientific instruments

known as —

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A. microscopes

B. hygrometers

C. telescopes

D. barometers

Which of these is a result of burning fossil fuels?

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Aci

d rain

Cle

an w

ater

Hyd

roel

ectri

c en

ergy

Sola

r ener

gy

25% 25%25%25%

A. Acid rain

B. Clean water

C. Hydroelectric energy

D. Solar energy

Which of the following causes the Sun to appear to set?

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21 22 23 24 25 T

he re

volu

tion

of the

...

The

rota

tion o

f the

Earth

The

revo

lutio

n of t

he ..

.

The

rota

tion o

f the

Sun

25% 25%25%25%A. The revolution of the Sun

B. The rotation of the Earth

C. The revolution of the Earth

D. The rotation of the Sun

Which instrument would mostaccurately and precisely determine

the mass of a toy car?

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25% 25%25%25%A. An electronic light meter

B. A spring scale

C. A triple-beam balance

D. A graduated cylinder

The diagram below shows a block fromthe periodic table. The number six

represents the —

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25% 25%25%25%A. atomic mass of the element carbon

B. atomic number of the element carbon

C. number of neutrons in the element carbon

D. number of valence electrons in the element carbon

Each student in a science class of 25 conducts the same experiment. One student gathers all the data from her

classmates and summarizes the results of the experiment for the class. She compares the data she

personally recorded with the class data. Which of these might indicate to her that her results are valid?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Three other classes performed the same experiment.

B. The same experiment was repeated two years in a row.

C. Many other students recorded data similar to hers.

D. Another student in her class reached a different conclusion.

Thrips are tiny insects that can easily be seen on roses. The thrip population changes shown in the

graph above are probably caused by —

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25% 25%25%25%A. increases in

human population

B. a major climatic change

C. seasonal changes

D. increased use of insecticides

A student designs and builds a 1:1000 scale model of the Mt. Fuji volcano in Japan. Since

Mt. Fuji is about 3,800 m high, what is the height of his scale model?

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A. 0.38 m

B. 3.8 m

C. 380 m

D. 3,800 m

According to the data in the table, whichsample of matter is most likely a metal?

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A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

How far offshore is the deepest point ofthe ocean on this graph?

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A. 0 m

B. 5000 m

C. 160 km

D. 240 km

The diagram shows a graduated cylinder containing water. From which position will the most accurate measure of the volume of the

water be made?

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A. Position 1

B. Position 2

C. Position 3

D. Position 4

At what speed would a car have tomove in order to travel 20 kilometers

in two hours?

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25% 25%25%25%A. 5 km/hr

B. 10 km/hr

C. 20 km/hr

D. 40 km/hr

The quality of air is monitored by the government to determine whether a city needs to take steps to control air pollution. To best measure air quality,

the air should be tested —

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25% 25%25%25%A. once a year on a day with very little

vehicle traffic

B. once a day during rush hour when the most cars are on the road

C. several times a day in all kinds of weather

D. at night when the air is probably less polluted

Which body in the solar system usuallycontains an atmosphere?

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21 22 23 24 25 A

n ast

eroid

A p

lane

t

A m

eteo

r

A c

omet

25% 25%25%25%A. An asteroid

B. A planet

C. A meteor

D. A comet

Which of the following is used tomeasure the mass of an object?

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Bal

ance

Met

ric ru

ler

Gra

duated

cyl

inder

Bar

omet

er

25% 25%25%25%

A. Balance

B. Metric ruler

C. Graduated cylinder

D. Barometer

Which of these resources would give the most current, complete and

accurate information on planets?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Planet website by Round Rock Middle School

B. The NASA website

C. A set of general encyclopedias

D. A science book about the planets

Which of these planets in the solarsystem was the most recently

discovered?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Mars

B. Venus

C. Jupiter

D. Pluto

Which of these would be the best model to use to study the cause of the moon’s phase changes?

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A. B.

C. D.

A group of people were concerned about a new coal-burning power plant that might be built in

their neighborhood. What is probably their main concern?

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A. Burning coal produces more heat than burning wood.

B. The heat from burning coal can drive generators that produce electricity.

C. Burning coal produces sulfur dioxide which contributes to acid rain.

D. There is more coal in the earth than there is oil and gas.

Which of these is best classified as a mixture?

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21 22 23 24 25 C

arbon

dioxi

de

Wat

er S

oil Ir

on

25% 25%25%25%A. Carbon dioxide

B. Water

C. Soil

D. Iron

Which of these belongs in theoutermost shell (energy level) of an

atom?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Electrons

B. Protons

C. Neutrons

D. Photons

The force that holds the planets inorbit around the sun is called —

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21 22 23 24 25

mot

ion

fric

tion

pre

ssure

gra

vity

25% 25%25%25%A. motion

B. friction

C. pressure

D. gravity

This chart represents the type and number of items collected in a beach cleanup. Based on the above chart, what percentage of the total items collected

from the beaches was plastic?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 46%

B. 49%

C. 56%

D. 70%

Some snapdragon seeds were studied in the experiment below. The seeds were placed in a dish lined with a moist paper towel. Which of

these is the independent (manipulated) variable in this experiment?

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A. The type of seed

B. The amount of water used

C. The number of sprouts

D. The temperature of each dish

A substance made up of two or more elements that have been chemically

combined is called —

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A. an atom

B. a compound

C. an element

D. a mixture

A proton has which of the followingcharges?

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A. Negative

B. Neutral

C. Positive

D. Magnetic

According to this graph, which of these is most important in developing the biomass of these plants?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Nitrates

B. Sulfates

C. Magnesium

D. Iron

Which of these has the most influence on ocean tides?

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21 22 23 24 25 T

he m

agnet

ic fi

eld o

f t..

Gra

vity

bet

ween th

e ...

Rad

iatio

n from

the

sun

Ele

ctric

al fo

rces

in th

e...

25% 25%25%25%A. The magnetic field of

the Earth

B. Gravity between the Earth and the moon

C. Radiation from the sun

D. Electrical forces in the atmosphere

John and Emily were experimenting with the effects of road salt on plant growth. To do this,

they watered plants daily with the same amount of salt water. They could best improve their

experiment by —

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25% 25%25%25%A. increasing the amount of salt added to the water each day

B. cooling the salt water before watering the plants

C. adding food color to see how far the salt penetrates the plants

D. watering half the plants with pure water and half with salt water

The picture shows dinosaur tracks found in rocks. How many dinosaurs left their

tracks here?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 2

B. 4

C. 14

D. 24

What is the mass of the rock?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 335.6 g

B. 350.6 g

C. 354.6 g

D. 356.0 g

The picture shows the results of putting a drop of orange ink from a marking pen on a piece of filter paper and allowing the colors in the ink to separate. About how

much farther on the filter paper has the yellow pigmentmoved than the red pigment?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 0.5 cm

B. 1.6 cm

C. 2.7 cm

D. 3.5 cm

The science of astronomy is concerned with the observation and analysis of the

movements of celestial objects. The invention of which instrument was most

helpful to the advancement of astronomy?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Telescope

B. Microscope

C. Camera

D. Geiger counter

There are many reasons why the use ofoil needs to be managed carefully. Which

of the following is not one of these reasons?

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25% 25%25%25%A. There are only limited supplies of oil in the Earth.

B. Oil spills at sea have killed many marine animals.

C. Burning oil contributes to acid rain and the greenhouse effect.

D. Oil was created by plants and animals.

Several centuries ago, men called alchemists tried to transform common metals into gold. Even though they tried many different chemical and physical methods,

they never succeeded because —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. they could not heat common metals to

extremely high temperatures

B. the common metals they worked with were not pure

C. they did not add the correct material to the common metal

D. elements cannot be changed to other elements by physical or chemical means

The chart shows the results of an experiment to test the effects of different plant lights on plant seedling growth.

Which group of plants showed the greatest gain in height?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Group 1

B. Group 2

C. Group 3

D. Group 4

The picture represents five red blood cells seen through a microscope. The lines represent a scale also visible

through the microscope. Each division on the scale represents one micrometer. Use the scale to estimate

the diameter of the average red blood cell.

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 4—5 micrometers

B. 7—8 micrometers

C. 10—11 micrometers

D. 12—13 micrometers

Ellen noticed that she often sneezes when she visits her friend Robert, who has a cat and a parrot. Ellen

wonders if she may have allergies to Robert’s pets and decides to conduct a scientific investigation. What

should Ellen do next?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Ellen should tell Robert that she cannot

visit him until he gives away his pets.

B. Ellen should visit Sue who has a horse, a dog, a goldfish, and a hamster.

C. Ellen should call her doctor and insist that she needs shots for allergies.

D. Ellen should visit a friend who has only cats and one who has only parrots.

Because burning fossil fuels creates much pollution, alternatives are being investigated. What might limit the use of wind as a major

energy source?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. The strength of the wind varies.

B. Wind machines have huge blades to capture the wind.

C. Turbines and generators in the wind machines create electricity.

D. Wind power does not create pollution.

At which of these points is it 12:00 noon?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. A baseball moving from the pitcher to the catcher

B. A rock sitting on the top of a large hill

C. A pendulum at the top of its swing

D. A new flashlight battery

Many scientists believe that nuclear fusion will become a possible energy source

within the next 10 years. What resource would be most effective in tracking the

progress of this energy source?

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21 22 23 24 25 T

he lo

cal n

...

A c

hemic

al ..

.

A p

hysic

s te

...

Sci

entif

ic p

er...

25% 25%25%25%

A. The local newspaper

B. A chemical encyclopedia

C. A physics textbook

D. Scientific periodical

The picture shows a test for non-slip surfaces to be used on a ramp. Which of these must be done

to provide more meaningful results?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Use the same shoe on each surface

B. Use boards of the same thickness

C. Use the same shoe size for each type of shoe

D. Use shoes with soles designed for sports

According to this chart, which planet will most likely have the highest temperatures?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Earth

B. Mars

C. Mercury

D. Venus

The time in which Earth makes onerevolution around the sun is

approximately one —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. year

B. season

C. month

D. day

Which picture illustrates the structure of a molecule of water?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. B.

C.D.

According to the graph, which angle of release would cause the javelin to go the farthest?

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25% 25%25%25%A. 75°

B. 60°

C. 45°

D. 30°

An experiment was set up to measure the distance a snail would travel in 5 minutes.

Which of these rulers should be used to give the most precise measurement?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. B.

C. D.

Solar cells are used to turn sunlightinto —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

iner

tia

forc

e

mag

netis

m

ele

ctric

ity

25% 25%25%25%A. inertia

B. force

C. magnetism

D. electricity

The Earth makes a complete rotation once every 24 hours. Which of these would best

illustrate rotation?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. B.

C.

D.

Which of these elements has the greatest average atomic mass?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. B

B. C

C. N

D. Al

In the scale model below, one centimeter is equal to one-half of a meter. The mailbox is 2 truck

lengths away from the model truck. How far away is the mailbox from the truck on the real street?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 5 meters

B. 10 meters

C. 15 meters

D. 20 meters

According to the scale shown below, what is the approximate length of the baby blue

whale?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 2 meters

B. 4 meters

C. 6 meters

D. 10 meters

Compounds are made up of more than one element. Which of the

following represents a compound?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. H2

B. NH3

C. O3

D. N2

A student wishes to test the hypothesis that adding antifreeze to water lowers the freezing

point of the water. What would be the dependent (responding) variable?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Amount of water put into a

container

B. Amount of antifreeze added to the water

C. Temperature at which the water/antifreeze mixture freezes

D. Type of thermometer used to measure the freezing point

Which model best shows the relationship between the Earth, the moon, and the sun?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. B.

C. D.

Which of these would be different for an object if measured on the

Earth and on the moon?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Mass

B. Weight

C. Volume

D. Density

Which of the following materials iscomposed of only one kind of atom?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 W

ater

Hel

ium

Air

Sugar

25% 25%25%25%A. Water

B. Helium

C. Air

D. Sugar

According to this diagram, a lunar eclipse occurs only when the —

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25% 25%25%25%

A. moon is in the new moon phaseB. moon is between the sun and

the EarthC. sun’s rays are directly overheadD. Earth is between the sun and

the moon

Students measured and recorded the density of 4 samples. Using the density column and the data table shown below, which of the samples will probably float

on top of the oil?

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21 22 23 24 25

A. Sample A

B. Sample B

C. Sample C

D. Sample D

25% 25%25%25%

A student wishes to measure the massof an object. Which instrument would

be most useful?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Triple beam balance

B. Graduated cylinder

C. Metric ruler

D. Erlenmeyer flask

The picture shows the growth curve of a bacterial population. According to this

information, the bacterial population doubles every —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 3 minutes

B. 20 minutes

C. 30 minutes

D. 60 minutes

A student wanted to test the hypothesis that adding antifreeze to water lowers the freezing

point of water. The student found that pure water froze at 0°C, while the water/antifreeze mixture

froze at 20°C. In order to confirm the results, the student should repeat the experiment using —

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21 22 23 24 25 a

con

tain

er o

...

a d

iffer

ent .

..

a d

iffer

ent .

..

exa

ctly

the

...

25% 25%25%25%A. a container of a different size

B. a different amount of antifreeze

C. a different amount of water

D. exactly the same set-up as the first experiment

This experiment was set up to test thehypothesis that plants grow faster in green

light. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Type of plant

B. Amount of water

C. Color of light

D. Size of pot

The amount of gravitational attractionbetween the Earth and an object

depends on the object’s distance fromthe Earth and the object’s —

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25% 25%25%25%A. shape

B. mass

C. state of matter

D. size

A student predicts that more sugar willdissolve in warm water than in cold water. She

puts some water in a container, adds sugar, and then stirs. The amount of undissolved sugar is then observed. When this student

repeats the experiment to verify her prediction, the only thing that should change is the —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 a

mou

nt of .

..

tem

perat

ure...

am

ount o

f ...

am

ount o

f ...

25% 25%25%25%

A. amount of water used

B. temperature of the water

C. amount of sugar used

D. amount of time stirring

Which of these processes in the water cycle causes dew to form in

the morning?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Condensation

B. Evaporation

C. Transpiration

D. Precipitation

A student conducted an experiment on plant growth that required adding about one cupful of liquid fertilizer to several plants each week. In order to accurately measure the fertilizer givento each plant, the fertilizer volume should be

measured in —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. cubic meters

B. milliliters

C. cubic feet

D. kiloliters

Early space flights were unmannedbecause —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 h

uman

s had

no

inte

re..

relia

ble li

fe-s

upport

...

rock

ets

flew

too fa

st f.

.

hum

ans

could

not w

i...

25% 25%25%25%A. humans had no interest in space exploration

B. reliable life-support systems were not yet developed

C. rockets flew too fast for human survival

D. humans could not withstand the force of takeoff

Which of these best shows particles in a mixture?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. B.

C. D.

A new medication dissolves blood clots. However, if too much is used, excessive bleeding occurs. Which method should scientists use to determine the best

dosage of this new medication?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Use people of many different ages as test

subjects

B. Have the test subjects eat a wide variety of foods with the medication

C. Change the times the medication is given to determine if timing affects bleeding

D. Vary only the dosages of the medication while keeping everything else constant

Scientists have been able to find noatmosphere around this planet becauseit has little gravity and is closest to the

sun. The planet described is —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Mercury

B. Earth

C. Venus

D. Saturn

The only place visited by mannedexploration outside Earth is —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

the

sun

the

moon

Ven

us

Mar

s

25% 25%25%25%A. the sun

B. the moon

C. Venus

D. Mars

During the process of evaporation,liquid water becomes —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

tiny

drops

of wat

er

sep

arat

e at

oms

of wat

er

mol

ecul

es o

f wat

er v

...

ato

ms

of hyd

rogen

a..

25% 25%25%25%A. tiny drops of water

B. separate atoms of water

C. molecules of water vapor

D. atoms of hydrogen and oxygen