SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

bull DRAINAGE SYSTEM

All the piping within the private and public premises which conveys sewage rainwater and other liquid waste to a point of disposal A drainage system does not include the mains of public sewer systems or a private or a public sewage treatment or disposal plant

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

bull STACK

A general term used for any vertical line of soil waste or vent piping

bull SOIL PIPE

A pipe that conveys the discharge of water closets or similar fixtures containing fecal matter with or without the discharge of other fixtures to the building drain or building sewer

SOIL TACK

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

bull WASTE PIPE

A pipe that conveys only liquid waste free of fecal matter

A waste pipe is generally smaller than a soil pipe because of the nature of matter being discharged into the system

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BRANCH

Any part of the piping system other than the main riser or stack

bull BUILDINGHOUSE DRAIN

That part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the discharge from soil waste and other drainage pipes inside a building and conveys it to the building sewerhouse sewer

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BUILDINGHOUSE SEWER

That part of the drainage system that extends from the end of the building drain and conveys its discharge to the public sewer private sewer individual sewage disposal system or other appropriate point of disposal

Privyndash The oldest form of disposal of organic wastendash It consists of a water tight vault constructed of concrete for the collection of raw sewage and a wooden shelterndash It must be 50rsquo to 150rsquo (15m to 45 m) away from the water supplyndash The vault should be supplied with ventilationndash It should be screened and protected from vermin and flies

Septic Tank and Seepage Pit

ndash In this type of sewage disposal the cycle is completed below ground and within the property Liquid wastes are purified due to the action of anaerobic bacteria through precipitation in the digestion chamber and effluent is discharged in the leaching chamber by natural percolation- Effluent ndashliquid discharge- Scum- non-soluble organic matter that floats on the surface of the sewage- Sludge- organic matter that settles at the base of the septic tank

- Size of tankResidence- 6 persons min capacity of 50 cu ft and for largerhousehold 5-6 cu ftpersonCommercial industrial and institutional- 2-3 cu ftperson- Location must be near the structure served(5rsquo) 150 m- water-tight and gas-tight and 50rsquo ndash150rsquo (15m-45m) away from water sources

Parts of a Sanitary DrainageSystem

1048708 SPECIAL DEVICESndash Interceptorsndash Sumps and Ejectorsndash Backwater Valvesndash Roof and Floor Drains

1048708 ESSENTIALCOMPONENTSndash House Sewerndash House Drainndash House Trapndash Fresh-air inletndash Soil and Waste Stacksndash Fixture Branchesndash Trapsndash Vents

House Sewerndash It extends from the public sewer to the private sewage-disposal tank to the wall of the structure and is entirely outside the buildingbull Glazed vitrified clay ndash min 6rdquo ndash36 ldquo Oslash 2rsquo-3rsquo longbull Cast-iron min 4rdquo Oslash 5rsquo to10rsquo longbull Copper ndash 12rsquo to 20rsquo longbull Plastic pipe ndash10rsquo to 20rsquo long

ndash 12rdquo deep with concrete pavementndash 18rdquo deep without concrete coveringndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo to the foot

House Drainndash The horizontal main into which the vertical soil and waste stacks discharge It connects directly to the house sewerndash Sanitary drainndash Leader drainbull Copperbull Plasticbull Extra heavy cast-iron

ndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo per footndash A cleanout at the cellarbasement wall is recommended to clearobstructionsndash A cleanout at the foot of each waste and soil stack should be installed

Fresh-air inletndash It is intended to admit fresh air to the drainage system so that there will be a free circulation without compressionthroughout the house drain andstacks discharging above the roofndash A necessary adjunct to the housetrap

Soil and Waste Stacksndash The soil and waste stacks collect the sewage from the fixtures throughtheir branchesbull Should rest solidly at the bottom onmasonry piers or heavy postsbull The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilationbull Made of heavy cast-iron copper plastic

bull Supported at intervals of 10rsquo with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beamsbull Min 4rdquo Oslash 1rsquo below the roofbull It should be straight free of bends and turns

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

bull DRAINAGE SYSTEM

All the piping within the private and public premises which conveys sewage rainwater and other liquid waste to a point of disposal A drainage system does not include the mains of public sewer systems or a private or a public sewage treatment or disposal plant

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

bull STACK

A general term used for any vertical line of soil waste or vent piping

bull SOIL PIPE

A pipe that conveys the discharge of water closets or similar fixtures containing fecal matter with or without the discharge of other fixtures to the building drain or building sewer

SOIL TACK

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

bull WASTE PIPE

A pipe that conveys only liquid waste free of fecal matter

A waste pipe is generally smaller than a soil pipe because of the nature of matter being discharged into the system

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BRANCH

Any part of the piping system other than the main riser or stack

bull BUILDINGHOUSE DRAIN

That part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the discharge from soil waste and other drainage pipes inside a building and conveys it to the building sewerhouse sewer

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BUILDINGHOUSE SEWER

That part of the drainage system that extends from the end of the building drain and conveys its discharge to the public sewer private sewer individual sewage disposal system or other appropriate point of disposal

Privyndash The oldest form of disposal of organic wastendash It consists of a water tight vault constructed of concrete for the collection of raw sewage and a wooden shelterndash It must be 50rsquo to 150rsquo (15m to 45 m) away from the water supplyndash The vault should be supplied with ventilationndash It should be screened and protected from vermin and flies

Septic Tank and Seepage Pit

ndash In this type of sewage disposal the cycle is completed below ground and within the property Liquid wastes are purified due to the action of anaerobic bacteria through precipitation in the digestion chamber and effluent is discharged in the leaching chamber by natural percolation- Effluent ndashliquid discharge- Scum- non-soluble organic matter that floats on the surface of the sewage- Sludge- organic matter that settles at the base of the septic tank

- Size of tankResidence- 6 persons min capacity of 50 cu ft and for largerhousehold 5-6 cu ftpersonCommercial industrial and institutional- 2-3 cu ftperson- Location must be near the structure served(5rsquo) 150 m- water-tight and gas-tight and 50rsquo ndash150rsquo (15m-45m) away from water sources

Parts of a Sanitary DrainageSystem

1048708 SPECIAL DEVICESndash Interceptorsndash Sumps and Ejectorsndash Backwater Valvesndash Roof and Floor Drains

1048708 ESSENTIALCOMPONENTSndash House Sewerndash House Drainndash House Trapndash Fresh-air inletndash Soil and Waste Stacksndash Fixture Branchesndash Trapsndash Vents

House Sewerndash It extends from the public sewer to the private sewage-disposal tank to the wall of the structure and is entirely outside the buildingbull Glazed vitrified clay ndash min 6rdquo ndash36 ldquo Oslash 2rsquo-3rsquo longbull Cast-iron min 4rdquo Oslash 5rsquo to10rsquo longbull Copper ndash 12rsquo to 20rsquo longbull Plastic pipe ndash10rsquo to 20rsquo long

ndash 12rdquo deep with concrete pavementndash 18rdquo deep without concrete coveringndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo to the foot

House Drainndash The horizontal main into which the vertical soil and waste stacks discharge It connects directly to the house sewerndash Sanitary drainndash Leader drainbull Copperbull Plasticbull Extra heavy cast-iron

ndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo per footndash A cleanout at the cellarbasement wall is recommended to clearobstructionsndash A cleanout at the foot of each waste and soil stack should be installed

Fresh-air inletndash It is intended to admit fresh air to the drainage system so that there will be a free circulation without compressionthroughout the house drain andstacks discharging above the roofndash A necessary adjunct to the housetrap

Soil and Waste Stacksndash The soil and waste stacks collect the sewage from the fixtures throughtheir branchesbull Should rest solidly at the bottom onmasonry piers or heavy postsbull The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilationbull Made of heavy cast-iron copper plastic

bull Supported at intervals of 10rsquo with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beamsbull Min 4rdquo Oslash 1rsquo below the roofbull It should be straight free of bends and turns

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

bull STACK

A general term used for any vertical line of soil waste or vent piping

bull SOIL PIPE

A pipe that conveys the discharge of water closets or similar fixtures containing fecal matter with or without the discharge of other fixtures to the building drain or building sewer

SOIL TACK

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

bull WASTE PIPE

A pipe that conveys only liquid waste free of fecal matter

A waste pipe is generally smaller than a soil pipe because of the nature of matter being discharged into the system

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BRANCH

Any part of the piping system other than the main riser or stack

bull BUILDINGHOUSE DRAIN

That part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the discharge from soil waste and other drainage pipes inside a building and conveys it to the building sewerhouse sewer

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BUILDINGHOUSE SEWER

That part of the drainage system that extends from the end of the building drain and conveys its discharge to the public sewer private sewer individual sewage disposal system or other appropriate point of disposal

Privyndash The oldest form of disposal of organic wastendash It consists of a water tight vault constructed of concrete for the collection of raw sewage and a wooden shelterndash It must be 50rsquo to 150rsquo (15m to 45 m) away from the water supplyndash The vault should be supplied with ventilationndash It should be screened and protected from vermin and flies

Septic Tank and Seepage Pit

ndash In this type of sewage disposal the cycle is completed below ground and within the property Liquid wastes are purified due to the action of anaerobic bacteria through precipitation in the digestion chamber and effluent is discharged in the leaching chamber by natural percolation- Effluent ndashliquid discharge- Scum- non-soluble organic matter that floats on the surface of the sewage- Sludge- organic matter that settles at the base of the septic tank

- Size of tankResidence- 6 persons min capacity of 50 cu ft and for largerhousehold 5-6 cu ftpersonCommercial industrial and institutional- 2-3 cu ftperson- Location must be near the structure served(5rsquo) 150 m- water-tight and gas-tight and 50rsquo ndash150rsquo (15m-45m) away from water sources

Parts of a Sanitary DrainageSystem

1048708 SPECIAL DEVICESndash Interceptorsndash Sumps and Ejectorsndash Backwater Valvesndash Roof and Floor Drains

1048708 ESSENTIALCOMPONENTSndash House Sewerndash House Drainndash House Trapndash Fresh-air inletndash Soil and Waste Stacksndash Fixture Branchesndash Trapsndash Vents

House Sewerndash It extends from the public sewer to the private sewage-disposal tank to the wall of the structure and is entirely outside the buildingbull Glazed vitrified clay ndash min 6rdquo ndash36 ldquo Oslash 2rsquo-3rsquo longbull Cast-iron min 4rdquo Oslash 5rsquo to10rsquo longbull Copper ndash 12rsquo to 20rsquo longbull Plastic pipe ndash10rsquo to 20rsquo long

ndash 12rdquo deep with concrete pavementndash 18rdquo deep without concrete coveringndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo to the foot

House Drainndash The horizontal main into which the vertical soil and waste stacks discharge It connects directly to the house sewerndash Sanitary drainndash Leader drainbull Copperbull Plasticbull Extra heavy cast-iron

ndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo per footndash A cleanout at the cellarbasement wall is recommended to clearobstructionsndash A cleanout at the foot of each waste and soil stack should be installed

Fresh-air inletndash It is intended to admit fresh air to the drainage system so that there will be a free circulation without compressionthroughout the house drain andstacks discharging above the roofndash A necessary adjunct to the housetrap

Soil and Waste Stacksndash The soil and waste stacks collect the sewage from the fixtures throughtheir branchesbull Should rest solidly at the bottom onmasonry piers or heavy postsbull The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilationbull Made of heavy cast-iron copper plastic

bull Supported at intervals of 10rsquo with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beamsbull Min 4rdquo Oslash 1rsquo below the roofbull It should be straight free of bends and turns

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

SOIL TACK

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

bull WASTE PIPE

A pipe that conveys only liquid waste free of fecal matter

A waste pipe is generally smaller than a soil pipe because of the nature of matter being discharged into the system

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BRANCH

Any part of the piping system other than the main riser or stack

bull BUILDINGHOUSE DRAIN

That part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the discharge from soil waste and other drainage pipes inside a building and conveys it to the building sewerhouse sewer

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BUILDINGHOUSE SEWER

That part of the drainage system that extends from the end of the building drain and conveys its discharge to the public sewer private sewer individual sewage disposal system or other appropriate point of disposal

Privyndash The oldest form of disposal of organic wastendash It consists of a water tight vault constructed of concrete for the collection of raw sewage and a wooden shelterndash It must be 50rsquo to 150rsquo (15m to 45 m) away from the water supplyndash The vault should be supplied with ventilationndash It should be screened and protected from vermin and flies

Septic Tank and Seepage Pit

ndash In this type of sewage disposal the cycle is completed below ground and within the property Liquid wastes are purified due to the action of anaerobic bacteria through precipitation in the digestion chamber and effluent is discharged in the leaching chamber by natural percolation- Effluent ndashliquid discharge- Scum- non-soluble organic matter that floats on the surface of the sewage- Sludge- organic matter that settles at the base of the septic tank

- Size of tankResidence- 6 persons min capacity of 50 cu ft and for largerhousehold 5-6 cu ftpersonCommercial industrial and institutional- 2-3 cu ftperson- Location must be near the structure served(5rsquo) 150 m- water-tight and gas-tight and 50rsquo ndash150rsquo (15m-45m) away from water sources

Parts of a Sanitary DrainageSystem

1048708 SPECIAL DEVICESndash Interceptorsndash Sumps and Ejectorsndash Backwater Valvesndash Roof and Floor Drains

1048708 ESSENTIALCOMPONENTSndash House Sewerndash House Drainndash House Trapndash Fresh-air inletndash Soil and Waste Stacksndash Fixture Branchesndash Trapsndash Vents

House Sewerndash It extends from the public sewer to the private sewage-disposal tank to the wall of the structure and is entirely outside the buildingbull Glazed vitrified clay ndash min 6rdquo ndash36 ldquo Oslash 2rsquo-3rsquo longbull Cast-iron min 4rdquo Oslash 5rsquo to10rsquo longbull Copper ndash 12rsquo to 20rsquo longbull Plastic pipe ndash10rsquo to 20rsquo long

ndash 12rdquo deep with concrete pavementndash 18rdquo deep without concrete coveringndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo to the foot

House Drainndash The horizontal main into which the vertical soil and waste stacks discharge It connects directly to the house sewerndash Sanitary drainndash Leader drainbull Copperbull Plasticbull Extra heavy cast-iron

ndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo per footndash A cleanout at the cellarbasement wall is recommended to clearobstructionsndash A cleanout at the foot of each waste and soil stack should be installed

Fresh-air inletndash It is intended to admit fresh air to the drainage system so that there will be a free circulation without compressionthroughout the house drain andstacks discharging above the roofndash A necessary adjunct to the housetrap

Soil and Waste Stacksndash The soil and waste stacks collect the sewage from the fixtures throughtheir branchesbull Should rest solidly at the bottom onmasonry piers or heavy postsbull The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilationbull Made of heavy cast-iron copper plastic

bull Supported at intervals of 10rsquo with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beamsbull Min 4rdquo Oslash 1rsquo below the roofbull It should be straight free of bends and turns

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

bull WASTE PIPE

A pipe that conveys only liquid waste free of fecal matter

A waste pipe is generally smaller than a soil pipe because of the nature of matter being discharged into the system

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BRANCH

Any part of the piping system other than the main riser or stack

bull BUILDINGHOUSE DRAIN

That part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the discharge from soil waste and other drainage pipes inside a building and conveys it to the building sewerhouse sewer

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BUILDINGHOUSE SEWER

That part of the drainage system that extends from the end of the building drain and conveys its discharge to the public sewer private sewer individual sewage disposal system or other appropriate point of disposal

Privyndash The oldest form of disposal of organic wastendash It consists of a water tight vault constructed of concrete for the collection of raw sewage and a wooden shelterndash It must be 50rsquo to 150rsquo (15m to 45 m) away from the water supplyndash The vault should be supplied with ventilationndash It should be screened and protected from vermin and flies

Septic Tank and Seepage Pit

ndash In this type of sewage disposal the cycle is completed below ground and within the property Liquid wastes are purified due to the action of anaerobic bacteria through precipitation in the digestion chamber and effluent is discharged in the leaching chamber by natural percolation- Effluent ndashliquid discharge- Scum- non-soluble organic matter that floats on the surface of the sewage- Sludge- organic matter that settles at the base of the septic tank

- Size of tankResidence- 6 persons min capacity of 50 cu ft and for largerhousehold 5-6 cu ftpersonCommercial industrial and institutional- 2-3 cu ftperson- Location must be near the structure served(5rsquo) 150 m- water-tight and gas-tight and 50rsquo ndash150rsquo (15m-45m) away from water sources

Parts of a Sanitary DrainageSystem

1048708 SPECIAL DEVICESndash Interceptorsndash Sumps and Ejectorsndash Backwater Valvesndash Roof and Floor Drains

1048708 ESSENTIALCOMPONENTSndash House Sewerndash House Drainndash House Trapndash Fresh-air inletndash Soil and Waste Stacksndash Fixture Branchesndash Trapsndash Vents

House Sewerndash It extends from the public sewer to the private sewage-disposal tank to the wall of the structure and is entirely outside the buildingbull Glazed vitrified clay ndash min 6rdquo ndash36 ldquo Oslash 2rsquo-3rsquo longbull Cast-iron min 4rdquo Oslash 5rsquo to10rsquo longbull Copper ndash 12rsquo to 20rsquo longbull Plastic pipe ndash10rsquo to 20rsquo long

ndash 12rdquo deep with concrete pavementndash 18rdquo deep without concrete coveringndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo to the foot

House Drainndash The horizontal main into which the vertical soil and waste stacks discharge It connects directly to the house sewerndash Sanitary drainndash Leader drainbull Copperbull Plasticbull Extra heavy cast-iron

ndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo per footndash A cleanout at the cellarbasement wall is recommended to clearobstructionsndash A cleanout at the foot of each waste and soil stack should be installed

Fresh-air inletndash It is intended to admit fresh air to the drainage system so that there will be a free circulation without compressionthroughout the house drain andstacks discharging above the roofndash A necessary adjunct to the housetrap

Soil and Waste Stacksndash The soil and waste stacks collect the sewage from the fixtures throughtheir branchesbull Should rest solidly at the bottom onmasonry piers or heavy postsbull The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilationbull Made of heavy cast-iron copper plastic

bull Supported at intervals of 10rsquo with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beamsbull Min 4rdquo Oslash 1rsquo below the roofbull It should be straight free of bends and turns

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BRANCH

Any part of the piping system other than the main riser or stack

bull BUILDINGHOUSE DRAIN

That part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the discharge from soil waste and other drainage pipes inside a building and conveys it to the building sewerhouse sewer

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BUILDINGHOUSE SEWER

That part of the drainage system that extends from the end of the building drain and conveys its discharge to the public sewer private sewer individual sewage disposal system or other appropriate point of disposal

Privyndash The oldest form of disposal of organic wastendash It consists of a water tight vault constructed of concrete for the collection of raw sewage and a wooden shelterndash It must be 50rsquo to 150rsquo (15m to 45 m) away from the water supplyndash The vault should be supplied with ventilationndash It should be screened and protected from vermin and flies

Septic Tank and Seepage Pit

ndash In this type of sewage disposal the cycle is completed below ground and within the property Liquid wastes are purified due to the action of anaerobic bacteria through precipitation in the digestion chamber and effluent is discharged in the leaching chamber by natural percolation- Effluent ndashliquid discharge- Scum- non-soluble organic matter that floats on the surface of the sewage- Sludge- organic matter that settles at the base of the septic tank

- Size of tankResidence- 6 persons min capacity of 50 cu ft and for largerhousehold 5-6 cu ftpersonCommercial industrial and institutional- 2-3 cu ftperson- Location must be near the structure served(5rsquo) 150 m- water-tight and gas-tight and 50rsquo ndash150rsquo (15m-45m) away from water sources

Parts of a Sanitary DrainageSystem

1048708 SPECIAL DEVICESndash Interceptorsndash Sumps and Ejectorsndash Backwater Valvesndash Roof and Floor Drains

1048708 ESSENTIALCOMPONENTSndash House Sewerndash House Drainndash House Trapndash Fresh-air inletndash Soil and Waste Stacksndash Fixture Branchesndash Trapsndash Vents

House Sewerndash It extends from the public sewer to the private sewage-disposal tank to the wall of the structure and is entirely outside the buildingbull Glazed vitrified clay ndash min 6rdquo ndash36 ldquo Oslash 2rsquo-3rsquo longbull Cast-iron min 4rdquo Oslash 5rsquo to10rsquo longbull Copper ndash 12rsquo to 20rsquo longbull Plastic pipe ndash10rsquo to 20rsquo long

ndash 12rdquo deep with concrete pavementndash 18rdquo deep without concrete coveringndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo to the foot

House Drainndash The horizontal main into which the vertical soil and waste stacks discharge It connects directly to the house sewerndash Sanitary drainndash Leader drainbull Copperbull Plasticbull Extra heavy cast-iron

ndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo per footndash A cleanout at the cellarbasement wall is recommended to clearobstructionsndash A cleanout at the foot of each waste and soil stack should be installed

Fresh-air inletndash It is intended to admit fresh air to the drainage system so that there will be a free circulation without compressionthroughout the house drain andstacks discharging above the roofndash A necessary adjunct to the housetrap

Soil and Waste Stacksndash The soil and waste stacks collect the sewage from the fixtures throughtheir branchesbull Should rest solidly at the bottom onmasonry piers or heavy postsbull The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilationbull Made of heavy cast-iron copper plastic

bull Supported at intervals of 10rsquo with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beamsbull Min 4rdquo Oslash 1rsquo below the roofbull It should be straight free of bends and turns

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMbull BUILDINGHOUSE SEWER

That part of the drainage system that extends from the end of the building drain and conveys its discharge to the public sewer private sewer individual sewage disposal system or other appropriate point of disposal

Privyndash The oldest form of disposal of organic wastendash It consists of a water tight vault constructed of concrete for the collection of raw sewage and a wooden shelterndash It must be 50rsquo to 150rsquo (15m to 45 m) away from the water supplyndash The vault should be supplied with ventilationndash It should be screened and protected from vermin and flies

Septic Tank and Seepage Pit

ndash In this type of sewage disposal the cycle is completed below ground and within the property Liquid wastes are purified due to the action of anaerobic bacteria through precipitation in the digestion chamber and effluent is discharged in the leaching chamber by natural percolation- Effluent ndashliquid discharge- Scum- non-soluble organic matter that floats on the surface of the sewage- Sludge- organic matter that settles at the base of the septic tank

- Size of tankResidence- 6 persons min capacity of 50 cu ft and for largerhousehold 5-6 cu ftpersonCommercial industrial and institutional- 2-3 cu ftperson- Location must be near the structure served(5rsquo) 150 m- water-tight and gas-tight and 50rsquo ndash150rsquo (15m-45m) away from water sources

Parts of a Sanitary DrainageSystem

1048708 SPECIAL DEVICESndash Interceptorsndash Sumps and Ejectorsndash Backwater Valvesndash Roof and Floor Drains

1048708 ESSENTIALCOMPONENTSndash House Sewerndash House Drainndash House Trapndash Fresh-air inletndash Soil and Waste Stacksndash Fixture Branchesndash Trapsndash Vents

House Sewerndash It extends from the public sewer to the private sewage-disposal tank to the wall of the structure and is entirely outside the buildingbull Glazed vitrified clay ndash min 6rdquo ndash36 ldquo Oslash 2rsquo-3rsquo longbull Cast-iron min 4rdquo Oslash 5rsquo to10rsquo longbull Copper ndash 12rsquo to 20rsquo longbull Plastic pipe ndash10rsquo to 20rsquo long

ndash 12rdquo deep with concrete pavementndash 18rdquo deep without concrete coveringndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo to the foot

House Drainndash The horizontal main into which the vertical soil and waste stacks discharge It connects directly to the house sewerndash Sanitary drainndash Leader drainbull Copperbull Plasticbull Extra heavy cast-iron

ndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo per footndash A cleanout at the cellarbasement wall is recommended to clearobstructionsndash A cleanout at the foot of each waste and soil stack should be installed

Fresh-air inletndash It is intended to admit fresh air to the drainage system so that there will be a free circulation without compressionthroughout the house drain andstacks discharging above the roofndash A necessary adjunct to the housetrap

Soil and Waste Stacksndash The soil and waste stacks collect the sewage from the fixtures throughtheir branchesbull Should rest solidly at the bottom onmasonry piers or heavy postsbull The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilationbull Made of heavy cast-iron copper plastic

bull Supported at intervals of 10rsquo with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beamsbull Min 4rdquo Oslash 1rsquo below the roofbull It should be straight free of bends and turns

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Privyndash The oldest form of disposal of organic wastendash It consists of a water tight vault constructed of concrete for the collection of raw sewage and a wooden shelterndash It must be 50rsquo to 150rsquo (15m to 45 m) away from the water supplyndash The vault should be supplied with ventilationndash It should be screened and protected from vermin and flies

Septic Tank and Seepage Pit

ndash In this type of sewage disposal the cycle is completed below ground and within the property Liquid wastes are purified due to the action of anaerobic bacteria through precipitation in the digestion chamber and effluent is discharged in the leaching chamber by natural percolation- Effluent ndashliquid discharge- Scum- non-soluble organic matter that floats on the surface of the sewage- Sludge- organic matter that settles at the base of the septic tank

- Size of tankResidence- 6 persons min capacity of 50 cu ft and for largerhousehold 5-6 cu ftpersonCommercial industrial and institutional- 2-3 cu ftperson- Location must be near the structure served(5rsquo) 150 m- water-tight and gas-tight and 50rsquo ndash150rsquo (15m-45m) away from water sources

Parts of a Sanitary DrainageSystem

1048708 SPECIAL DEVICESndash Interceptorsndash Sumps and Ejectorsndash Backwater Valvesndash Roof and Floor Drains

1048708 ESSENTIALCOMPONENTSndash House Sewerndash House Drainndash House Trapndash Fresh-air inletndash Soil and Waste Stacksndash Fixture Branchesndash Trapsndash Vents

House Sewerndash It extends from the public sewer to the private sewage-disposal tank to the wall of the structure and is entirely outside the buildingbull Glazed vitrified clay ndash min 6rdquo ndash36 ldquo Oslash 2rsquo-3rsquo longbull Cast-iron min 4rdquo Oslash 5rsquo to10rsquo longbull Copper ndash 12rsquo to 20rsquo longbull Plastic pipe ndash10rsquo to 20rsquo long

ndash 12rdquo deep with concrete pavementndash 18rdquo deep without concrete coveringndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo to the foot

House Drainndash The horizontal main into which the vertical soil and waste stacks discharge It connects directly to the house sewerndash Sanitary drainndash Leader drainbull Copperbull Plasticbull Extra heavy cast-iron

ndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo per footndash A cleanout at the cellarbasement wall is recommended to clearobstructionsndash A cleanout at the foot of each waste and soil stack should be installed

Fresh-air inletndash It is intended to admit fresh air to the drainage system so that there will be a free circulation without compressionthroughout the house drain andstacks discharging above the roofndash A necessary adjunct to the housetrap

Soil and Waste Stacksndash The soil and waste stacks collect the sewage from the fixtures throughtheir branchesbull Should rest solidly at the bottom onmasonry piers or heavy postsbull The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilationbull Made of heavy cast-iron copper plastic

bull Supported at intervals of 10rsquo with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beamsbull Min 4rdquo Oslash 1rsquo below the roofbull It should be straight free of bends and turns

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Septic Tank and Seepage Pit

ndash In this type of sewage disposal the cycle is completed below ground and within the property Liquid wastes are purified due to the action of anaerobic bacteria through precipitation in the digestion chamber and effluent is discharged in the leaching chamber by natural percolation- Effluent ndashliquid discharge- Scum- non-soluble organic matter that floats on the surface of the sewage- Sludge- organic matter that settles at the base of the septic tank

- Size of tankResidence- 6 persons min capacity of 50 cu ft and for largerhousehold 5-6 cu ftpersonCommercial industrial and institutional- 2-3 cu ftperson- Location must be near the structure served(5rsquo) 150 m- water-tight and gas-tight and 50rsquo ndash150rsquo (15m-45m) away from water sources

Parts of a Sanitary DrainageSystem

1048708 SPECIAL DEVICESndash Interceptorsndash Sumps and Ejectorsndash Backwater Valvesndash Roof and Floor Drains

1048708 ESSENTIALCOMPONENTSndash House Sewerndash House Drainndash House Trapndash Fresh-air inletndash Soil and Waste Stacksndash Fixture Branchesndash Trapsndash Vents

House Sewerndash It extends from the public sewer to the private sewage-disposal tank to the wall of the structure and is entirely outside the buildingbull Glazed vitrified clay ndash min 6rdquo ndash36 ldquo Oslash 2rsquo-3rsquo longbull Cast-iron min 4rdquo Oslash 5rsquo to10rsquo longbull Copper ndash 12rsquo to 20rsquo longbull Plastic pipe ndash10rsquo to 20rsquo long

ndash 12rdquo deep with concrete pavementndash 18rdquo deep without concrete coveringndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo to the foot

House Drainndash The horizontal main into which the vertical soil and waste stacks discharge It connects directly to the house sewerndash Sanitary drainndash Leader drainbull Copperbull Plasticbull Extra heavy cast-iron

ndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo per footndash A cleanout at the cellarbasement wall is recommended to clearobstructionsndash A cleanout at the foot of each waste and soil stack should be installed

Fresh-air inletndash It is intended to admit fresh air to the drainage system so that there will be a free circulation without compressionthroughout the house drain andstacks discharging above the roofndash A necessary adjunct to the housetrap

Soil and Waste Stacksndash The soil and waste stacks collect the sewage from the fixtures throughtheir branchesbull Should rest solidly at the bottom onmasonry piers or heavy postsbull The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilationbull Made of heavy cast-iron copper plastic

bull Supported at intervals of 10rsquo with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beamsbull Min 4rdquo Oslash 1rsquo below the roofbull It should be straight free of bends and turns

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Parts of a Sanitary DrainageSystem

1048708 SPECIAL DEVICESndash Interceptorsndash Sumps and Ejectorsndash Backwater Valvesndash Roof and Floor Drains

1048708 ESSENTIALCOMPONENTSndash House Sewerndash House Drainndash House Trapndash Fresh-air inletndash Soil and Waste Stacksndash Fixture Branchesndash Trapsndash Vents

House Sewerndash It extends from the public sewer to the private sewage-disposal tank to the wall of the structure and is entirely outside the buildingbull Glazed vitrified clay ndash min 6rdquo ndash36 ldquo Oslash 2rsquo-3rsquo longbull Cast-iron min 4rdquo Oslash 5rsquo to10rsquo longbull Copper ndash 12rsquo to 20rsquo longbull Plastic pipe ndash10rsquo to 20rsquo long

ndash 12rdquo deep with concrete pavementndash 18rdquo deep without concrete coveringndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo to the foot

House Drainndash The horizontal main into which the vertical soil and waste stacks discharge It connects directly to the house sewerndash Sanitary drainndash Leader drainbull Copperbull Plasticbull Extra heavy cast-iron

ndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo per footndash A cleanout at the cellarbasement wall is recommended to clearobstructionsndash A cleanout at the foot of each waste and soil stack should be installed

Fresh-air inletndash It is intended to admit fresh air to the drainage system so that there will be a free circulation without compressionthroughout the house drain andstacks discharging above the roofndash A necessary adjunct to the housetrap

Soil and Waste Stacksndash The soil and waste stacks collect the sewage from the fixtures throughtheir branchesbull Should rest solidly at the bottom onmasonry piers or heavy postsbull The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilationbull Made of heavy cast-iron copper plastic

bull Supported at intervals of 10rsquo with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beamsbull Min 4rdquo Oslash 1rsquo below the roofbull It should be straight free of bends and turns

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
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• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

House Drainndash The horizontal main into which the vertical soil and waste stacks discharge It connects directly to the house sewerndash Sanitary drainndash Leader drainbull Copperbull Plasticbull Extra heavy cast-iron

ndash Slope at 18rdquo or frac14rdquo per footndash A cleanout at the cellarbasement wall is recommended to clearobstructionsndash A cleanout at the foot of each waste and soil stack should be installed

Fresh-air inletndash It is intended to admit fresh air to the drainage system so that there will be a free circulation without compressionthroughout the house drain andstacks discharging above the roofndash A necessary adjunct to the housetrap

Soil and Waste Stacksndash The soil and waste stacks collect the sewage from the fixtures throughtheir branchesbull Should rest solidly at the bottom onmasonry piers or heavy postsbull The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilationbull Made of heavy cast-iron copper plastic

bull Supported at intervals of 10rsquo with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beamsbull Min 4rdquo Oslash 1rsquo below the roofbull It should be straight free of bends and turns

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
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• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
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• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Soil and Waste Stacksndash The soil and waste stacks collect the sewage from the fixtures throughtheir branchesbull Should rest solidly at the bottom onmasonry piers or heavy postsbull The upper ends should extend through the roof for ventilationbull Made of heavy cast-iron copper plastic

bull Supported at intervals of 10rsquo with stout wall hangers or brackets or on beamsbull Min 4rdquo Oslash 1rsquo below the roofbull It should be straight free of bends and turns

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Fixture Branches

ndash Connect the fixtures with the stacksndash Waste or soil branches are connected to the trap of eachfixture

ndash 18rdquo ndash frac12rdquo per footndash Horizontal branch should not be more than 5rsquo (from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent openingndash Cast-iron plastic copper or galvanized steel

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Traps

ndash Traps catches water after each discharge from afixture so as not to allow unpleasant ad obnoxiousgases in a sanitary drainage system to escapethrough the fixture

ndash All fixtures are to be provided with its own trap except forthree laundry and kitchen sinks connected to a single trap

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

ndash Trap seal must have a min depth of 2rdquo and max of 4rdquo depth

ndash Placed within 2rsquo of the fixture accessible for cleaning through itsbottom with a plug

ndash Made of steel cast-iron copper plastic and brass except those in urinals and water closets whichare made of vitreous china cast integrally with the fixture

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Vents

ndash Vents are the extension of soil andwaste stacks through the roof and a system of pipes largely paralleling the drainage system for the admission of air and discharging of gases

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Interceptors

ndash device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterioushazardous or undesirable matterfrom normal waste and permit normalsewage or liquid waste to dischargeinto the disposal terminal by gravity

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Sump and Ejectors

ndash A sump is a tank or a pit which receives sewage or liquid waste located below the normal gradeof the gravity system and must be emptied by a mechanical means

ndash Sewage ejectors may be motor-driven centrifugal pumps or they may be operated by compressed air

Ejector pump for submersible systemEjector for Vertical lift submerge pump

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Backwater valvescheck valvendash A backwater valve closes to prevent reverseflow from a sewer to low facilities when thereis a heavy drainage load for short periods thatcan cause building up and over flow of wastes

Roof Drainndash Is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area and discharge to a catch basin

Floor Drainndash Is any pipe which carries water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
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• Slide 34

Is that portion of the drainage installationdesigned to maintain atmospheric pressurewithin itbull and prevent at least three major difficultiesndash Retardation of flowndash Material deteriorationndash Trap seal loss

Retardation of flowbull The result of improper atmospheric conditions because ofinsufficient ventilation or incorrect installation of fittingsbull Increased pressure causes retarded flow in the vertical stackand also affects the discharge capacity of its branchesndash Material deteriorationbull Wastes create chemical compounds of an acid nature whichdeteriorates the piping system Objectionable gases should beeliminated by proper ventilationndash Trap seal lossbull Attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and thesubsequent minus and plus pressure which occur

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
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• Slide 34

bull Five ways in which trap seal is lostndash Siphonage (direct or indirect)ndash Back Pressurendash Capillary Attractionndash Evaporationndash Wind Effect

Siphonage is the resultof a minus pressure inthe drainage systemndash Direct siphonageselfsiphonageis commonin unventilated trapswhich serve oval-shapedfixtures(lavatories small slopsink)

Siphonagendash Indirect siphonage orsiphonage by momentumis the result of a minuspressure in the waste pipingcaused by discharge ofwater from a fixtureinstalled on a line whichserves a fixture placed at alower elevationndash No possibility of re-seal

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
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• Slide 34

Back-pressure is causedby a plus pressure inlarge plumbinginstallationsndash The fixtures in which itoccurs are usually located atthe base of a soil stack orwhere soil pipe changes itsdirectionndash Ventilate the base of thesoil pipe to correct thiscondition

Capillary attractiontrap seal is caused bysuspension of foreignobject (rag string linthair) into the trap sealextending over the outletarm of the trapndash The object serves as anabsorbing siphon

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
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• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Evaporation of the trapseal is a phenomenon ofnaturendash The atmosphere absorbsmoisture and variesinversely with temperaturendash It requires weeks toevaporate trap sealndash Deep seal traps arerecommended when air isnot saturated with moisture

Wind effectsndash Wind of high velocitypassing over the top of thesoil pipe roof terminalaffects trap sealndash Downdrafts tends to ripplethe liquid content of the trapand spill quantity of it overits outlet leg into thesystemndash Soil vent terminals shouldbe away from valleysgables abrupt projectionsof the roof where wind canstrike and be directed to theterminal

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
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• Slide 27
• Slide 28
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• Slide 30
• Slide 31
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• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Main Soil and WasteVentndash Is that portion of the soil pipestack above the highestinstalled fixture branchextending through the roof ndash The same diameter as thewater-carrying portion ofthe soil or waste pipebull (2rdquo-4rdquo Oslash )

Main Ventndash Is that portion of the ventpipe system which serves asa terminal for the smallertributary forms ofindividual and group fixturetrap ventilation (collectingvent line)ndash It begins at the base of thesoil-pipe stack to relieve itfrom back pressure andterminates in the soil ndashpipestack 3rsquo above the highestfixture branch

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
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• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Individual Ventbackventndash It serves a single trapndash Reconnected to the mainvent above the overflowline of the fixture it servesndash Not applied when fixturesare closely grouped

Unit Ventndash It ventilates two fixturetraps that discharge into asanitary cross withdeflectorsndash Is used on two fixtures ofsimilar design installed onopposite sides of thepartitionndash For apartment and hoteltoilets

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
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• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Circuit or Loop Vent

ndash circuit vent serves two or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade battery of fixtures

ndash The Code allows a maximumof 8 fixturehorizontal branch

ndash Supported by a relief vent at the between the last fixture and the main vent

Relief Vent

ndash it primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage systemndash It ventilates the soil and waste pipe and connecting branches rather than the fixture trapndash Commonly used in connection with waste branches which are circuited ndash Prevents back-pressure at the base of a soil-pipe stackndash Referred to as yoke or bypassvent at 3 to 5 floor intervals

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
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• Slide 22
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• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Wet Ventndash a wet vent is a method ofventilation used rather extensively for small groups of bathroomfixturesndash A portion of the vent system through which liquid wastes flow

Looped Ventndash used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions thatmight be utilized to conceal the waste and ventndash A bleeder or drip connection must be made between the waste pipe andthe lowest point of the vent line to avoid accumulation of water in the loop vent

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
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• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34

Local Ventndash a vent without connection with the plumbing systemndash It terminates at the roof and connected to thefixture at point below the seat

Utility vent ndash Used for undergroundpublic restrooms

• Slide 1
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Slide 3
• SOIL TACK
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
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• Slide 34