6 nouns and articles
-
Upload
laura-riddle -
Category
Education
-
view
2.951 -
download
5
Transcript of 6 nouns and articles
![Page 1: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nouns and Articles(Los sustantivos y los artículos)
It is often said that a noun is a person, place or thing. That is true but, in fact, a noun is anything we can put a name on.
Therefore, even words that refer to abstract concepts such as love, life, anger, and so on, are nouns. In Spanish, one of the
words for noun is nombre, which simply means name.
![Page 2: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
In Spanish, nouns are classified into two groups: masculine and feminine
Masculine nouns
To identify our masculine nouns, we will start with the indefinite masculine article un, which in English is a or an
un libro
un reloj
a book
a watch
un menú a menu
un rubí a rubyNormally, nouns ending in o, í, ú or a consonant are masculine.
Of course, there are exceptions. One is una mano.
Note: The fact that a noun is masculine, other than those that denote human beings, has nothing whatever to do with sexual attributes.
![Page 3: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Words ending in í or ú (accented) are fairly rare in Spanish and, as mentioned, are normally masculine.
un iglú an igloo
un colibrí a hummingbird
un menú a menu
un gurú a guru
un esquí a ski
un rubí a ruby
Words ending in i or u (unaccented) are even more rare, and may be masculine or feminine.
una tribu a tribe
un/una cursi a pretentious person (male/female)
In Spanish, nouns are classified into two groups: masculine and feminine
![Page 4: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Masculine nouns
To identify our masculine nouns, we will start with the indefinite masculine article un, which in English is a or an
un hombre
un doctor
a man
a doctor (m)
un profesor a professor (m)
un muchacho a boyIn addition, nouns that denote male persons are normally masculine.
In Spanish, nouns are classified into two groups: masculine and feminine
![Page 5: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Feminine nouns
To identify our feminine nouns, we will start with the indefinite feminine article una, which in English is a or an
una mesa a table
una nación a nation
una ciudad a city
Normally, nouns ending in a, ad, ción, or sión are feminine.
Two exceptions are un mapa and un día.
Note: Again, the fact that a noun is feminine, other than those that denote human beings, has nothing to do with sexual attributes.
In Spanish, nouns are classified into two groups: masculine and feminine
![Page 6: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Feminine nouns
To identify our feminine nouns, we will start with the indefinite feminine article una, which in English is a or an
una mujer
una doctora
a woman
a doctor (f)
una profesora a professor (f)
una muchacha a girl
In addition, nouns that denote female persons are normally feminine or have a feminine form that is the counterpart of the masculine.
In Spanish, nouns are classified into two groups: masculine and feminine
![Page 7: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nouns ending in o, í, ú, or a consonant are normally masculine
nouns ending in e
Words that end with e are suspect, that is, they may be masculine or they may be feminine
un coche a car
un bache a pothole
un bote a can
When in doubt about the gender of a noun ending in e, or any noun, ask a native speaker or your teacher, or look it up in a dictionary.
una noche a night
una llave a key
una calle a streetun frente a front una frente a forehead
un bate a bat (baseball) una peste a plague
Masculine Feminine
Remember!
Nouns ending in a, ad, ción, or sión are normally feminine
![Page 8: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Words that end with -ma are usually masculine
un problema un aromaun tema un programa
un clima
un diagramaun sistema
un diploma
But there are a few exceptions:
una diademauna trama una estratagema
![Page 9: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Definite and indefinite articles
Es un libro.
The indefinite article (un, una) refers to a non-specific item.
It’s a book, any old book.
The definite article (el, la) refers to a specific item.
Es el libro que usamos en la clase de español.
It’s the book we use in the Spanish class.
![Page 10: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Definite and indefinite articles
Es una silla.
The indefinite article (un, una) refers to a non-specific item.
It’s a chair, any old chair.
The definite article (el, la) refers to a specific item.
Es la silla que usamos en la clase de español.
It’s the chair we use in the Spanish class.
![Page 11: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Definite and indefinite articles
Hay unos libros en la sala de clase.
The plural indefinite article (unos, unas) can be translated as “some” or “a few.”
There are a few books in the classroom.
Hay unas sillas también.
There are some chairs, too.
![Page 12: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Definite and indefinite articles
Son los libros para la clase de español.
The plural definite article (los, las), just like the singular, refers to specific things.
They’re the books for the Spanish class.
Son las sillas para los estudiantes.
They’re the chairs for the students.
![Page 13: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Summary of definite and indefinite articles
unThe masculine indefinite articles are:
unosa, ansome, a few
un libro = a bookunos libros = some books
The masculine definite articles are:
ellos
thethe (English has no plural form for the)
el libro = the booklos libros = the books
![Page 14: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Summary of definite and indefinite articles
unaThe feminine indefinite articles are:
unasa, ansome, a few
una silla = a chairunas sillas = some chairs
The feminine definite articles are:
lalas
thethe
la silla = the chairlas sillas = the chairs
![Page 15: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Pluralization(La pluralización)
Nouns are pluralized differently in Spanish than in English.If a noun ends in a, á, e, é, o, ó, i or u, we simply add s.
libro
Singular Plural
libros
casa casas
llave llaves
tribu tribus
mamá mamás
café cafés
dominó dominóscursi cursis
![Page 16: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Pluralization(La pluralización)
Nouns are pluralized differently in Spanish than in English.
The rare word that ends in í or ú can be pluralized by adding either s or es.
Singular Plural
esquí esquís/esquíesrubí rubís/rubíes
menú menús/menúestabú tabús/tabúes
colibrí colibrís/colibríes
iglú iglús/iglúes
![Page 17: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Pluralization(La pluralización)
If a noun ends in a consonant, we add es.
papel
Singular Plural
papeles
borrador borradoresorden órdenes
Nouns are pluralized differently in Spanish than in English.
pared paredesreloj relojesseñor señores
![Page 18: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Pluralization(La pluralización)
Singular Plural
Polysyllabic words that end in s, and are stressed on any syllable except the last one, maintain the same form in the plural as in the singular. We show that they are plural by
using the plural article.
el oasis los oasisel lunes los lunes
Nouns are pluralized differently in Spanish than in English.
la tesis las tesisIf stressed on the last syllable, they are pluralized normally.
el autobús los autobuses
![Page 19: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Pluralization(La pluralización)
Generally, adjectives are pluralized just like nouns.If an adjective ends in a vowel, we simply add s.
Singular Plural
bonito bonitosinteligente inteligentes
If an adjective ends in a consonant, we add es.
fácil fácilescomún comunes
![Page 20: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pluralization(La pluralización)
When a noun or an adjective ends in z, we must change the z to c before adding es.
Singular Plural
lápiz lápices
luz luces
feliz felicesaudaz audaces
nouns
adjectives
![Page 21: 6 nouns and articles](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020111/55d4e191bb61eb65568b4596/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
FIN