6. Mineral
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Transcript of 6. Mineral
Minerals
Harliansyah, Ph.D
Dept Biochemistry FK-YARSI
THE CATIONS
• SODIUM
• POTASSIUM
• CALCIUM
• MAGNESIUM
SODIUM • The MOST ABUNDANT cation in the ECF • Normal range is 135-145 mEq/L • Major contributor of plasma osmolarity FUNCTIONS • 1. participates in the Na-K pump • 2. assists in maintaining blood volume • 3. assists in nerve transmission and muscle
contraction • Aldosterone increases sodium retention • ANF increases sodium excretion
POTASSIUM
• MOST ABUNDANT cation in the ICF • Normal range is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L • Major electrolyte maintaining ICVF balance FUNCTIONS • 1. maintains ICF Osmolality • 2. nerve conduction and muscle contraction • 3. metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins • Aldosterone promotes renal excretion of K+ • Acidosis promotes exchange of K+ for H+ in the cell
CALCIUM
• Majority of calcium is in the bones and teeth
• Normal serum range 8.5-10 mg/dL
FUNCTIONS
• 1. formation and mineralization of bones/teeth
• 2. muscular contraction and relaxation
• 3. cardiac function
• 4. blood clotting
• 5. enzyme activation
CALCIUM Regulation:
• GIT absorbs Ca+2 in the intestine with the help of Vit. D
• Kidney Ca+2 is filtered in the glomerulus and reabsorbed
in the tubules
• PTH increases Ca+2 by bone resorption, Ca+2 retention and activation of Vitamin D
• Calcitonin released when Ca+2 is high, it decreases Ca+ by excretion in the kidney
MAGNESIUM
• Second to K+ in the ICF
• Normal range is 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
FUNCTIONS
• 1. intracellular production and utilization of ATP
• 2. protein and DNA synthesis
• 3. neuromuscular irritability
THE ANIONS
• CHLORIDE
• PHOSPHATES
• BICARBONATES
CHLORIDE
• The MAJOR Anion in the ECF
• Normal range is 95-108 mEq/L
FUNCTIONS
• 1. major component of gastric juice aside from H+
• 2. together with Na+, regulates plasma osmolality
• 3. participates in the chloride shift
• 4. acts as chemical buffer
PHOSPHATES
• The MAJOR Anion in the ICF
• Normal range is 2.5-4.5 mg/L
FUNCTIONS
• 1. component of bones
• 2. needed to generate ATP
• 3. components of DNA and RNA
• PTH decreases PO4 in blood by renal excretion
• Calcitonin increases renal excretion of PO4
BICARBONATES
• Present both in ICF and ECF
• Normal range- 22-26 mEq/L
FUNCTION
• 1. regulates acid-base balance
• 2. component of the bicarbonate-carbonic acid
buffer system