5th unit ECE ET

7/23/2019 5th unit ECE ET

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Hydro Power Plant



Hydro power plant



Layout of nuclear powerplant



PRODUCTION• PRINCIPLE

– Faraday's law of electromagnetcnd!cton• when an conductor moves in a magnetic field it cuts

magnetic lines force, due to which an emf is induced

in the conductor



"ETHOD#

• H$DRO

• THER"%L

•

NUCLE%R

PO&ERPL%NT



#OURCE#• HYDRO POWER PLANT

– WATER

• THERMAL POWER PLANT

– COAL OR ANY FOSSIL FUEL

• NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

– ATOMIC MATTER

CONVENTIONAL

SOURCES



I##UE#

• %ala(le n )*ed resere

• Prces

•

Poll!ton• Transportaton of (ot+ f!el and

electrcty

%,%IL%-LE.



HOW IS COAL MADE ???



HOW ARE OIL AND GASMADE ???



H""""////

If nonrenewa(lereso!rces are

reso!rces t+at cannot(e re0made at a scale

compara(le to ts

cons!mpton1 w+at arerenewa(le reso!rces.



%LTERN%TI,E#

RENE&%-LE

ENER2$

#OURCE#



RENEWABLE RESOURCES

Renewa(le reso!rcesare nat!ral reso!rcest+at can (ereplens+ed n a s+ortperod of tme



#U#T%IN%-LE ENER2$#OURCE#



#OL%R



&IND



2EOTHER"%L

Energy fromEart+3s +eat/

&+y s energyfrom t+e +eatof t+e Eart+renewa(le.



-IO"%##Energy from

(!rnng organcor lng matter/

&+y s energyfrom (omassrenewa(le.

TID%L PL%NT



TID%L PL%NT• NO D%"

• ONL$ TUR-INE



y w u



y w u%olta$e to tran"&#t te

power?• To re!uce te total co"t of power transmsson/

• Better e'c#ency/

• D!e to low c!rrent %olta$e !rop w#ll (e le"" sooltage reg!laton mproes

• T+e poss(lty of carry#n$ #ncrea"e! power fora $#%en con!uctor "#)e n case of long dstancetransmsson system/

• I&pro%e&ent of power factor !nder moderateand +eay load condtons/

• %ala(lty of t+e "tea!y %olta$e" at all loads atlne termnals/

• Improement n t+e system sta(lty d!e to t+e

nerta e4ect of t+e sync+rono!s p+ase mod)er/

Wy !o we u"e #$



Wy !o we u"e #$%olta$e to tran"&#t te

power?• The power transmitted through aresistor is dependent on the currentthat is passing through it as well as

the voltage across the conductor.* + I , -* + I/0 , R

w+ere1 P 5 Power transmtted 6watts1 &71

I 5 C!rrent 8owng t+ro!g+ t+e cond!ctor 6amps1 %71

, 5 ,oltage across t+e cond!ctor 6olts1 ,71

R 5 Resstance 6O+ms7

Wy !o we u"e #$



Wy !o we u"e #$%olta$e to tran"&#t te

power?• To transmt t+e same power f t+e oltage s rased1

t+ere s a correspondng decrease n t+e c!rrent andt+e +eat prod!ced s decreased (y a factor t+at se9!al to t+e s9!are of t+e factor (y w+c+ t+e oltage

s rased• In electrcal power transmsson oer long dstances

aro!nd :; of energy s wasted as t+e +eat prod!cedn t+e ca(les d!e to t+e n+erent resstance of t+eca(les/

•

It's d!e to econo&#cal and e'c#ency factorst+e Electr#1cat#on of ra#lway" and long dstancetransmsson are done (y E2tra #$ %olta$e" t+sdecreases t+e c!rrent and t+e power loss (y as!(stantally larger e*tent/

T L



Transmsson LneParameters

• T+e power transmsson lne s one of t+ema=or components of an electrc powersystem/ Its ma=or f!ncton s to transportelectrc energy1 wt+ mnmal losses1 from t+epower so!rces to t+e load centers1 !s!ally

separated (y long dstances/• T+e desgn of a transmsson lne depends on

fo!r electrcal parameters>

?/ #eres resstance

@/ #eres nd!ctanceA/ #+!nt capactance

B/ #+!nt cond!ctance



Transmsson LneParameters

• T+e seres resstance rel#e" (a"#cally on te

py"#cal co&po"#t#on of te con!uctor at agen temperat!re/

• T+e seres nd!ctance and s+!nt capactance arepro!uce! (y te pre"ence of &a$net#c an!

electr#c 1el!" aroun! te con!uctor"3 anddepend on t+er geometrical arrangement /

• T+e s+!nt cond!ctance s !ue to lea4a$ecurrent" 8owng across ns!lators and ar/ As

leakage current is considerably small comparedto nomnal c!rrent1 t s !s!ally neglected1 andt+erefore1 "unt con!uctance #" nor&ally notcon"#!ere! for t+e transmsson lne modelng/

E5u#%alent C#rcu#t



E5u#%alent C#rcu#t• T+e arrangement of t+e parameters

6e9!alent crc!t model7 representng t+e lne

depends !pon t+e lengt+ of t+e lne/

•% transmsson lne s de)ned as a s+ort0lengt+

lne f ts lengt+ s less t+an m 6 mles7/

•In t+s case1 t+e s+!t capactance e4ect sneglg(le and only t+e resstance and

nd!cte reactance are consdered/

•

%ss!mng (alanced condtons1 t+e lne can (erepresented (y t+e e9!alent crc!t of a

sngle p+ase wt+ resstance R1 and nd!cte

reactance GL n seres 6seres mpedance7



E5u#%alent C#rcu#t

• Short-length transmission lines use

approximated lumped-parameter models. If theline is larger than 240 km, the model mustconsider parameters uniformly distributed alongthe line.

• The appropriate series impedance and shuntcapacitance are found by soling thecorresponding di!erential e"uations, #hereoltages and currents are described as a

function of distance and time



Resstance

&+ere

000 cond!ctor resstty at a gen temperat!re 6,0m7

L 000 cond!ctor lengt+ 6m7

% 000 cond!ctor cross0secton area 6m@ 7

w+ere

R@ 5 resstance at second temperat!re t@R? 5 resstance at ntal temperat!re t?

T 5 temperat!re coecent for t+e partc!lar materal6o C7

Sp#rall#n$ an! Bun!le Con!uctor



Sp#rall#n$ an! Bun!le Con!uctorE6ect

• T+e resstance of eac+ wo!nd cond!ctor at any

layer1 per !nt lengt+1 s (ased on ts total lengt+s



Sp#rall#n$ an! Bun!le Con!uctor E6ect

• T+e per layer resstance of parallel

com(naton of n cond!ctors1 wt+ samedameter per layer s



Current7Carry#n$ Capac#ty 8A&pac#ty9

• Cond!ctor %mpacty at gen

temperat!res s

• T+e +eat generated n a cond!ctor 6Jo!le3s e4ect7s dsspated from ts s!rface area (y conectonand radaton gen (y



Current7Carry#n$ Capac#ty 8A&pac#ty9



In!uctance an! In!uct#%e Reactance

• % c!rrent0carryng cond!ctor prod!cesconcentrc magnetc 8!* lnes aro!nd t+econd!ctor/ If t+e c!rrent ares wt+ t+e tme1 t+emagnetc 8!* c+anges and a oltage s nd!ced/

• T+erefore1 an nd!ctance s present1 de)ned ast+e rato of t+e magnetc 8!* lnage and t+ec!rrent/ T+e magnetc 8!* prod!ced (y t+ec!rrent n transmsson lne cond!ctors prod!cesa total nd!ctance w+ose magnt!de depends ont+e lne con)g!raton/

• To determne t+e nd!ctance of t+e lne1 t snecessary to calc!late1 as n any magnetc

crc!t wt+ permea(lty m1 t+e followng factors>• ?/ "agnetc )eld ntensty H• @/ "agnetc )eld densty K• A/ Fl!* lnage



In!uctance an! In!uct#%e Reactance• Internal Ind!ctance D!e to Internal "agnetc Fl!*

• E*ternal Ind!ctance

In!uctance of :ran"po"e! :ree7*a"e



In!uctance of :ran"po"e! :ree7*a"e:ran"&#""#on L#ne"

5th unit ECE ET

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