Earth ScienceEarth ScienceChapter 4 Our Dynamic EarthChapter 4 Our Dynamic Earth

Mrs. AutryMrs. Autry

55thth Grade Science Grade Science

WE CAN:WE CAN:Describe internal forces such as volcanoes, Describe internal forces such as volcanoes, earthquakes, faulting, and plate movements earthquakes, faulting, and plate movements

that are responsible for the earth’s major that are responsible for the earth’s major geological features such as mountains, geological features such as mountains,

valleys, etc.valleys, etc.

Look and WonderLook and Wonder Page 194Page 194

How could these How could these mountains have formed?mountains have formed?

Volcanic eruptions Volcanic eruptions or pressure from or pressure from below could have below could have

formed these formed these mountains.mountains.

What makes up Earth?

Scientists have gathered evidence from earthquakes and volcanoes to form a model of Earth’s interior.

Earth is made of layers that differ in composition, thickness, and

temperature.

• hydrospherehydrosphere• magmamagma• faultfault• corecore• mantlemantle• crustcrust• geological featuregeological feature

New VocabularyNew Vocabulary

Chapter 4 Lesson 1-Chapter 4 Lesson 1-CoreCore

The central part The central part of Earth. The of Earth. The outer core is outer core is made up of made up of

liquid metals liquid metals (molten). The (molten). The inner core is inner core is made of solid made of solid

metals.metals.

Mantle Mantle

Is a thick layer Is a thick layer of solid and of solid and molten rock molten rock

that lies that lies around the around the

core and under core and under the crust.the crust.

CrustCrust

Is the thin Is the thin layer of solid layer of solid

rock that rock that makes up the makes up the

outermost outermost part of Earth.part of Earth.

The Layers of EarthThe Layers of Earth

• CrustCrust• Upper Mantle (lithosphere)Upper Mantle (lithosphere)• Lower Mantle Lower Mantle

(asthenosphere)(asthenosphere)• Outer CoreOuter Core• Inner CoreInner Core

ExplainExplain

What are Earth’s layers? Pages 197/198What are Earth’s layers? Pages 197/198

HydrosphereHydrosphere

All the Earth’s All the Earth’s liquid and liquid and

solid water, solid water, including including

oceans, lakes, oceans, lakes, rivers, rivers,

glaciers, and glaciers, and water located water located underground. underground.

Geological Features&

Earth’s Crust

• Earth’s crust makes up the surface of Earth. The surface of Earth includes all the continents and the ocean floor. Geological features are found on the surface of Earth.

Geological FeatureGeological Feature

A physical structure on Earth’s surface. A physical structure on Earth’s surface. Ex. Mountains, Valleys, RidgesEx. Mountains, Valleys, Ridges

Let’s Review

• True or False. The layers of Earth differ in thickness, composition, and temperature.

• True

• The _______ is the thin layer of solid rock that makes up the outermost part of Earth.

• Crust

• True or False. The outer core is made of solid metals and the inner core is made of liquid metals.

• False

• A __________ is a physical structure on Earth’s surface.

• Geological Feature

• What is an example of a geological feature?

• Mountains, Valleys, Rivers, Lakes, Caves, Etc.

A look ahead…

• Are the continents moving?

• What causes the ocean floor to move?

• How did the earth’s major geological features (mountains/valleys) form?

Earth ScienceEarth ScienceChapter 4 Our Dynamic EarthChapter 4 Our Dynamic Earth

Mrs. AutryMrs. Autry

55thth Grade Science Grade Science

WE CAN:WE CAN:Describe internal forces such as volcanoes, Describe internal forces such as volcanoes, earthquakes, faulting, and plate movements earthquakes, faulting, and plate movements

that are responsible for the earth’s major that are responsible for the earth’s major geological features such as mountains, geological features such as mountains,

valleys, etc.valleys, etc.

Are the continents moving?Are the continents moving?Pages 198/199Pages 198/199

A hundred years ago, A hundred years ago, Alfred WegnerAlfred Wegner, a German geologist, noticed that the , a German geologist, noticed that the continents looked like the pieces of a jig saw puzzle. He felt that the continents were continents looked like the pieces of a jig saw puzzle. He felt that the continents were once altogether and broke apart over time. This is called the once altogether and broke apart over time. This is called the Theory of Continental Theory of Continental

DriftDrift..

Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics

A theory that explains how forces deep A theory that explains how forces deep within Earth can cause the ocean floors within Earth can cause the ocean floors

to move.to move.

What causes tectonic plate movement?

• Earth can cause ocean floors to spread and continents to move. The lithosphere is made of huge plates of solid rock. Earth’s continents rest on these plates.

FaultFault

Is a break or crack in the rock located along boundaries Is a break or crack in the rock located along boundaries between tectonic plates where movements take place. between tectonic plates where movements take place.

ExplainExplainWhat forces change Earth’s crust? Pages 202/203What forces change Earth’s crust? Pages 202/203

Fault types.mov - YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcPghqnnTVk

ExplainExplainWhat are the different types of mountains? Page 204What are the different types of mountains? Page 204

http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/slip.htmlhttp://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/slip.htmlSee what happens See what happens

when the when the different different

boundaries meet. boundaries meet. There are several There are several pages for this site pages for this site

to review.to review.

In the middle of the ocean where the plates are moving In the middle of the ocean where the plates are moving apart, magma is pushed up from the mantle toward the apart, magma is pushed up from the mantle toward the

surface.surface.

Magma: Hot, melted rock that is pushed Magma: Hot, melted rock that is pushed up from the mantle toward the surface.up from the mantle toward the surface.

Volcanic Mountain• Volcanic Mountains are

formed when molten rock (magma) deep within the earth, erupts, and piles upon the surface. Magna is called lava when it breaks through the earth's crust. When the ash and lava cools, it builds a cone of rock. Rock and lava pile up, layer on top of layer

Mt. St. Helens

Mauna Kea

Fault Block Mountain

• Fault-block mountains are formed by the movement of large crustal blocks when forces in the Earth's crust pull it apart. Some parts of the Earth are pushed upward and others collapse down.

• Mtns form when plates

Push against each other

• Ex. Sierra Nevada

Folded Mountains

• Fold mountains are mountain ranges that are formed when two of the tectonic plates that make up the Earth's crust push together at their border.

• Mtns. Form when rock fold together

• Great Smokey & Himalayas

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrBaiPN6AW8

EarthquakeEarthquake

Is a sudden Is a sudden movement of movement of the Earth’s the Earth’s

crustcrust..

Earthquakes- Cause

• The rock on both sides of a fault is pushed and pulled by forces in the crust.

• Usually rocks on both sides of a fault are stuck together. When layers of rock that are stuck together suddenly slip, an earthquake occurs.

Earthquakes- Continued

• Earthquakes happen along the boundaries of tectonic plates because the pressure from the movement of the plates pushes on faults.

ExplainExplain

What is an earthquake? Pages 221/222What is an earthquake? Pages 221/222

TsunamiTsunami

Huge waves produced by underwater Huge waves produced by underwater earthquakes.earthquakes.

Review1) Which causes a rapid change to occur on Earth’s surface?

a. Earthquake b. acid rain c. wind d. snow storm

2) What is pictured in this diagram?

Fault

3) Where are earthquakes and volcanoes MOST LIKELY to occur?

a. Where mountains grow

b. Under the sea

c. Where the edges of plates meet

d. In the middle of continents

4) What are the large pieces of Earth’s crust called?

a. faults

b. folds

c. plates

d. mountains