(5)Physical Unit Operations

8/18/2019 (5)Physical Unit Operations

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PHYSICAL UNIT

OPERATIONS

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Industrial wastewater

• One classifcation o wastewater,ot er t an !unici"al wastewater

•Re#uire "retreat!ent to re!o$enonco!"ati%le su%stances "rior todisc ar&e into !unici"al sewers

• C aracteristics $ar' ro! industr' toindustr' and ence t e treat!entalso $ar'

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()( Pri!ar' treat!ent

• Include *ow !easure!ent de$icesessential or o"eration o wastewatertreat!ent "lant

• Preli!inar' treat!ent – is an inte&ral "art o "ri!ar' treat!ent – Eli!inate lar&e o%+ects and &rit



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Screenin&

• Used to re!o$e coarsesolid stic-s, ra&s, %oards.ro! //) Coarse solid can0

12a!a&e "rocesse#ui"!ents

1Reduce treat!ent "rocessrelia%ilit', e3ecti$eness

1Conta!inate waterwa's

• Protect "u!"s and ot er!ec anical e#ui"!ent

• Pre$ent clo&&in& o $al$es

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• 4 t'"es1coarse screens 51(67!!., fnescreens 85!!., !icroscreens 87)69!.

Bar racksPerforated plates Wire cloth

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6/45

Solid reduction

• Located across t e *ow"at o //

• Interce"ts t e coarse

solids and s reds tos!aller, !ore uni or!si:e

• Co!!inutor,!acerator, &rinder

• ;asic "arts includescreen and cuttin& teet

• Hi& 1!aintenance ite!s

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7/45


8/45

Princi"al %enefts0• ;iolo&ical treat!ent is en anced1eli!inate s oc- loadin&, dilute

in i%itin& su%stances, sta%ili:ed "H•

E=uent #ualit' and t ic-enin& osedi!entation i!"ro$ed1consistenc'solids loadin&

• E=uent fltration sur ace areareduced, flter "er or!ance i!"ro$e,uni or! flter1%ac-was c'cle

• I!"ro$e c e!ical eed control



9/45

2isad$anta&es0• Need lar&e land area• Odor control near residential area

• Re#uire additional o"eration andcontrol

• Increase ca"ital cost

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10/45

>i?in& and *occulation

• >i?in& one su%stances wit anot er• ;lend !isci%le li#uids

•


11/45

@ra$it' se"aration

• Re!o$al o "article sus"ensions %'&ra$it' settlin&

• Re er Ta%le 6)(6

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12/45

@rit re!o$al• @rit !aterial co!"ose o inor&anic and or&anic

solids• Su%stances in &rit a%rasi$e in nature and cause

accelerated wear on "u!" B slud&e1 andlin&e#ui"!ent

•@rit c a!%er1 ori:ontal *ow, rectan&ular, $orte?t'"e

• "rotect !o$in& !ec anical e#ui"!ent ro!a%rasion,

• reduce or!ation o ea$' de"osits,• reduced re#uenc' o di&ester cleanin&

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13/45

• ;asicall' consist o anenlar&ed c annel area reduce $elocit' and

ence settle out t e &rit

• >ost co!!on c annelt'"e or aeratedrectan&ular %asin

• 2e"osited &rit is

re!o$ed %' !ec anicalscra"ers

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14/45

Sedi!entation

• Re!o$e settlea%le solids and *oatin&!aterial

• Acco!"lis ed %' lon&1rectan&ular

tan-s or circular tan-s• uantit' o slud&e re!o$ed de"ends

on

– Stren&t o t e inco!in& waste – EDcienc' o clarifer – Condition o slud&e s&, water content

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15/45

Hi& rate clarifcation

• P 'sical c e!ical treat!ent• Utili:e s"ecial *occulation and

sedi!entation s'ste! to ac ie$e

ra"id settlin&• Ad$anta&es1units are co!"act so can

reduce s"ace, ra"id start1u" ti!e,

"roduce i& clarifed e=uent



16/45


17/45

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18/45

()F Secondar' treat!ent

• Contain G7167 o SS ro! "ri!ar'treat!ent, ori&inal dissol$ed or&anicsand inor&anics

• Re er to or&anic re!o$al !a' consistc e!ical1" 'sical and %iolo&ical "rocess

• C e!ical1" 'sical i& cost. – coa&ulation, !icroscreenin&, fltration,

c e!ical o?idation etc – Re!o$e solids and reduce ;O2



19/45

• ;iolo&ical !ore "ractical. – !icroor&) used or&anics in // as ood

su""l' B con$ert t e! to %io!ass

– >i?ed culture is re#uired or co!"letetreat!ent

– Newl' created %io!ass !ust %e re!o$edro! //

– It desi&n re#uire an understandin& o t e%iolo&ical "rinci"le, -inetic o !eta%olis!,!ass %alance, " 'sical o"eration



20/45

@rowt and ood utili:ation

Biomass growth rate in a typical batch fermentation

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• La& " ase – T e accli!ation "eriod

• Lo&1&rowt " ase – >a?i!u! &rowt t at occur at a

lo&arit !ic rate• Stationar' " ase

– Ti!e durin& w ic t e "roduction o newcellular !aterial is rou& l' o3set %' deatand endo&enous res"iration

• Endo&enous " ase – ;io!ass slowl' decreases, a""roac in&:ero as'!"toticall' a ter a $er' lon& oti!e

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(5)Physical Unit Operations

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