Growth is the permanent and irreversible change in shape, mass and size. It is measured by recording changes in an organism at suitable intervals over a period of time HEIGHT and WEIGHT are two common characteristics used to measure growth. Others are length of human arm and the size of human head.

Proses pertambahan saiz, berat kering, bentuk dan fungsi pada sesuatu organisma. boleh dibahagi kepada beberapa peringkat iaitu bayi, kanak-kanak, remaja, dewasa dan tua. Berat dan ketinggian adalah dua contoh yang selalu digunakan di dalam mengira kadar pertumbuhan. contoh lain seperti panjang tulang lengan dan diameter tengkorak.

WEIGHT

GROWTH PATTERN IN HUMAN BEINGS:•Human life can be divided into 5 stages:

a) Infancy – first 2 years of life.b) Childhood – extend from infancy to adolesencec) Adolescence – a sexually mature adultd) Adulthood e) Senescence – ageing

•Puberty is the stage of early adolescence when the secondary sex characteristics become noticeable.

•Growth stops when maturity is reached.

•Females experience puberty earlier than males due to hormonal influences.

CORAK PERTUMBUHAN BAGI MANUSIA:

•Hayat manusia boleh dibahagikan kepada 5 bahagian:a) Bayi: pertumbuhan cepat sehingga berumur 3

tahunb) Kanak-kanak: pertumbuhan yang lebih perlahan

berbanding bayi.c) Remaja: kadar pertumbuhan yang pesat.d) Dewasa: kadar pertumbuhan terhenti.e) Tua: kadar pertumbuhan negatif akibat

penurunan berat badan

•Perempuan lebih cepat mencapai kematangan berbanding lelaki disebabkan pengaruh hormon.

Neonate’s skull Adult’s skull

EFFECTS OF NUTRITION ON GROWTH

Nutrients are chemical substances needed by organisms for energy, warmth, growth and repair and for life processes.Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients.

PROTEINS Growth, body building, tissue repair

Insufficient protein – kwarshiorkor

CARBOHYDRATE

Provide energy Rice, potato, bread, sugar

FATS Provide energy Butter, margarine, peanut oil

VITAMINS Fight diseases Vitamins ABCDEK

MINERALS Regulate body metabolism

Calcium, Phosphorus, Zinc, Iodine, magnesium

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