5G and mmWave Developments - Spectrum Management · Qualcomm is looking to 2020, with a unified 5G...
Transcript of 5G and mmWave Developments - Spectrum Management · Qualcomm is looking to 2020, with a unified 5G...
1 FiberTower Confidential
5G and mmWave Developments
Joseph M. Sandri
FiberTower Corp.
National Spectrum Managers Association (NSMA) Annual Meeting
Arlington, VA
May 17th, 2016
2 FiberTower Confidential
What is 5G?
The mmWave Role
‘Large-scale’ regulatory developments
NPRM – Upper Microwave Flexible Use Service (UMFUS)
WRC-15 >> WRC-19 >> WRC-23
Terrestrial Fixed Service, IMT, Satellite & HAPS
Incumbent Licensees
Verizon + Flexible Use
Market Forecasts
Design, Deployment and Operations Challenges
Spectrum
Open Discussion
Overview
4FiberTower Confidential
FCC mmWave Workshop Demos – March 2016IN THEIR OWN WORDS (1 of 2)
Intel is leading the convergence of computing and communications connectivity by uniting the
industry around new spectrum assignments, frequencies, standards, and innovative technologies
such as mmWave, multi-antenna array, steerable beamforming, novel radio interface techniques,
anchor-booster architecture and more, in order to make 5G a reality. During the workshop, Intel
will demonstrate its 5G Mobile Trial Platform in 60GHz, Mobile Edge mmWave Backhaul and
Access for 5G Densification, Pre 5G Anchor Booster Concept with mmW, and Narrowband IOT.
Nokia will demonstrate an experimental 5G system operating in 73 GHz band (E-band). This
demonstration shows one GHz bandwidth single link system using null cyclic prefix (CP) single
carrier modulation which communicates using steerable lens antenna with a 3 degree beamwidth
serving a fully mobile user device with a peak rate of 2.3 Gbps. This system can also support a
radio latency of less than 1 msec and multi-user acquisition and tracking.
5FiberTower Confidential
FCC mmWave Workshop Demos – March 2016In Their Own Words (2 of 2)
Samsung will demonstrate very high speed data transmission using 5G technology in the
28GHz band. Data transmission will occur in an indoor wireless 5G prototype system with one
base station and one customer premises equipment prototype. The base station will transmit
over an 800MHz-wide channel using a Time Division Duplex (TDD) frame structure. The 5G
system will achieve a 3.7Gbps link speed using higher order Modulation and Coding Schemes
(MCS) and Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) communication with beam selection.
Qualcomm is looking to 2020, with a unified 5G design that will deliver on connectivity needs—
enabling new business opportunities, services and user experiences. Qualcomm will showcase
its 5G design and a live streaming demonstration of Millimeter-Wave technology, an important
component of 5G.
Ericsson will showcase remotely controlling an actual Volvo Excavator located in Dallas, Texas
with a connected simulator located at the FCC HQ. The end user will have a virtual reality
headset with live immersive streaming video, and operation of the system via controls in the
excavator simulator. With 5G, heavy machinery can be remotely controlled with real-time
responsiveness where latency is a critical for safety. One advantage of this approach is that a
worker with unique or specialized skills could manage multiple projects around the world in the
same work day. Also, real-time remote control of heavy equipment allows for workers to operate
in area that are hostile in terms of weather or personal security.
7FiberTower Confidential
IMT Support for Giving Incumbent mmWave Licensees Flexible Mobile/Fixed Rights
Verizon CEO Lowell McAdams to Tom Wheeler
“Mr. McAdam emphasized the importance to the US economy and US consumer of the Commission acting quickly to make the spectrum bands above 24 GHz available for mobile broadband. Verizon agrees with the Commission’s primary proposal to grant flexible use rights to existing terrestrial licensees in the 28 GHz and 39 GHz bands.”
8FiberTower Confidential
Satellite Coalition Sharing Proposal
• FCC must address UMFUS aggregate interference skyward
From the surface of the earth.
• Preliminary results: Limited number of mobile terrestrial at
FCC proposed power levels could be severely disruptive
• SIA working with terrestrial providers
• Protect 28 GHz satellites from aggregate interference from
Terrestrial transmitters
• 37/39 GHz is an important expansion band.
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Above 24 GHz NPRM: Core Spectrum Blocks
Bands at issue:
• NPRM
• UMFUS
• 37-40 GHz
• LMDS
• Possible FNPRM
• 24 GHz DEMS: (24.25-24.45; 25.05-25.25 GHz)
• 42 GHz: (42.0-42.5 GHz)
• 60 GHz: (57-64 GHz; 64-71 GHz)
• 80/90 GHz: 71-76; 81-86 GHz)
10 FiberTower Confidential
Above 24 GHz NPRM: Core Currently Licensed Spectrum Blocks
Wide Area: Exclusively Licensed
• 24 GHz: (24.25-24.45; 25.05-25.25 GHz)
• 400 MHz – Divided into 5 channels
• LMDS: (27.5-28.35; 29.1-29.25, 31-31.3 GHz)
• Block A – 1150 MHz (27.5-28.35; 29.10-
29.25; 31.075-31.225 GHz)
• Block B – 150 MHz (31.00-31.075; 31.225-
31.300 GHz)
• 39 GHz: (38.6-40.0 GHz)
• 1.4 GHz – Divided into 14 channels
11 FiberTower Confidential
Challenges for mmWave Mobility
11
• Acceptance on Security
• Beamforming
• Power Source
• Human Exposure: Heat more than RF
• Handset size
• Also:
• “more and higher carrier frequencies, more transitions, and wider modulation bandwidths, of
transmitters and receivers. Among the radio components, the power amplifier is often of central
interest due to its relative cost and relative importance in determining performance. Thus in a 5G
context, characterization and analysis of power amplifier performance can be quite important and
will be more challenging for a number of reasons:
• With higher carrier frequencies, stability and repeatability of the measurement can be more
difficult.
• Broader band and high frequency devices, and measurement systems, tend to have lower
return losses which can affect measurement accuracy. These mismatch effects are one part
of a broader power measurement accuracy question.
• Measurement speed can become an issue as the amount of frequency space to be
analyzed increases and the number of different parameters to be measured likely increases.
• Practicality of the measurement setup may become an issue as levels of complexity
increase” [Source: http://dl.cdn-anritsu.com/ja-jp/test-measurement/reffiles/About-
Anritsu/R_D/Technical/91/91-06-5g-2.pdf ]
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Potential interference scenerios in UMFUS (mmWave)
bands
12
[Source: ITU-R]
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mmWave 5G & Automotive
13
Issues: 5G Mobile Networks have certain common environmental challenges regardless if they service:
• automotive occupants
• automobile functions
• highway/roadway management functions
[Source: ITU-R]
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Certain wide-area mmWave bands and their ITU-R
source documents
14
Band(a)
(GHz)
Frequency range
(GHz)
Recommendations
ITU-R
F Series
Channel separation
(MHz)
27 24.25-29.5 748 Up to 112
31 31.0-31.3 746 Up to 50
32 31.8-33.4 1520 Up to 112
38 36.0-40.5 749 Up to 112
42 40.5-43.5 2005 Up to 112
52 51.4-52.6 1496 Up to 56
57 55.78-66 1497 Up to 56
70/80 71-76/81-86 2006 Up to 5000
94 92.0-94 / 94.1-95 2004 Up to100, N× 100Note:
a Although these are parts of the bands included in Recommendation ITU-R F.746, all frequency bands may not be designated for fixed service use in some countries.
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May 2016 ITU
1.Fixed Service Working Party 5 addresses fixed wireless sharing IMT, HAPS ad satellite in
preparation for WRC-19
2. Total U.S. mmWave Licensees attending
3.ITU-R Recommendation F.758 System Characteristics needs input ASAP
16FiberTower Confidential
ITU RECOMMENDATION F.758 REVISION: System Parameters and considerations in the development of criteria for sharing or compatibility between digital fixed Wireless systems in the fixed service and systems in other services and other sources of interference
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WRC-2015: 5G Related Resolutions for WRC-19: Slide A
SPECTRUM DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW:
Mobile industry
o 24-27 GHz and 37-40.5 GHz, along with eight other bands, were cleared for
global IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications) development.
Agenda Item 1.13
LMDS (28-31 GHz) was blocked internationally, but the U.S., Japan &
Korea stated they will continue their development domestically.
Satellite industry
o LMDS and 39 GHz bands.
Agenda Items 1.5 and 1.6
Google: High altitude platforms (HAPS) broadband system
o 21.4-22 GHz and 24.25-27.5 GHz (Region 2 – Americas), and 38-39.5 GHz
(Globally) were cleared.
Agenda Item 1.14
Fixed Industry Opposition to Google: Google also is making similar filings
for experimental licenses at the FCC for the 70-90 GHz bands, though they
are redacted. The Fixed Wireless Communications Coalition (FWCC) and
other organizations are starting to prepare oppositions at the FCC to force
them to identify their proposed sharing criteria.
25FiberTower Confidential
WRC-2015: 5G Related Resolutions for WRC-19: Slide B
5G Related Resolutions adopted for WRC Agenda items 1.5, 1.6, 1.12, 1.13, and 1.14 are itemized in the following
tables.
1.5 to consider the use of the frequency bands 17.7-19.7 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 27.5-29.5 GHz (Earth-to-
space) by earth stations in motion communicating with geostationary space stations in the fixed-satellite service and
take appropriate action, in accordance with Resolution COM6/17 (WRC-15);
Resolution COM6/17
(WRC-15)
Use of the frequency
bands 17.7-19.7 GHz
(space-to-Earth) and
27.5-29.5 GHz (Earth-to-
space) by earth stations
in motion communicating
with geostationary space
stations in the fixed-
satellite service
WP 4A
resolves to invite ITU-R
1 to study the technical and operational characteristics
and user requirements of different types of earth stations in motion
that operate or plan to operate within geostationary FSS allocations in
the frequency bands 17.7-19.7 GHz and 27.5-29.5 GHz, including the
use of spectrum to provide the envisioned services to various types of
earth station in motion and the degree to which flexible access to
spectrum can facilitate sharing with services identified in recognizing
further a) to n);
2 to study sharing and compatibility between earth
stations in motion operating with geostationary FSS networks and
current and planned stations of existing services allocated in the
frequency bands 17.7-19.7 GHz and 27.5-29.5 GHz to ensure
protection of, and not impose undue constraints on, services allocated
in those frequency bands, and taking into account recognizing
further a) to n);3 to develop, for different types of earth stations in motion and different portions of the frequency bands studied, technical
conditions and regulatory provisions for their operation, taking into account the results of the studies above,
resolves
that these earth stations not be used or relied upon for safety-of-life applications,
resolves to further invite the 2019 World Radiocommunication Conference
to consider the results of the above studies and take necessary actions, as appropriate, provided that the results of the studies referred to in
resolves to invite ITU-R are complete and agreed by ITU-R study groups.
WP 4B
WP 4C
WP 5A
WP 5C
WP 7B
WP 7C
(WP 3M)
(WP 5D)
26FiberTower Confidential
WRC-2015: 5G Related Resolutions for WRC-19: Slide C
1.6 to consider the development of a regulatory framework for non-GSO FSS satellite systems that may
operate in the frequency bands 37.5-39.5 GHz (space-to-Earth), 39.5-42.5 GHz (space-to-Earth), 47.2-50.2 GHz (Earth-
to-space) and 50.4-51.4 GHz (Earth-to-space), in accordance with Resolution COM6/18 (WRC-15);
Resolution
COM6/18 (WRC-15)
Studies of technical,
operational issues and
regulatory provisions for
non-geostationary fixed-
satellite services satellite
systems in the frequency
bands 37.5-39.5 GHz
(space-to-Earth), 39.5-
42.5 GHz (space-to-
Earth), 47.2-50.2 GHz
(Earth-to-space) and 50.4-
51.4 GHz (Earth-to-space)
WP 4A
resolves to invite ITU-R
to conduct, and complete in time for WRC-19:
1 studies of technical and operational issues and
regulatory provisions for the operation of non-GSO FSS satellite
systems in the frequency bands 37.5-42.5 GHz (space-to-Earth) and
47.2-48.9 GHz (limited to feeder links only), 48.9-50.2 GHz and
50.4-51.4 GHz (all Earth-to-space), while ensuring protection of GSO
satellite networks in the FSS, MSS and BSS, without limiting or
unduly constraining the future development of GSO networks across
those bands, and without modifying the provisions of Article 21;2 studies carried out under resolves to invite ITU-R 1 shall focus exclusively on the development of equivalent power flux-
density limits produced at any point in the GSO by emissions from all the earth stations of a non-GSO system in the fixed-satellite service
or into any geostationary FSS earth station, as appropriate;
3 studies and development of sharing conditions between non-GSO FSS systems operating in the frequency bands listed in
resolves to invite ITU-R 1 above;
4 studies of possible necessary revisions to Resolution 750 (Rev.WRC-15) to ensure protection of the EESS (passive) in the
frequency bands 36-37 GHz and 50.2-50.4 GHz from non-GSO FSS transmission, taking into account recognizing i) above, including study
of aggregate FSS interference effects from networks and systems operating or planned to operate in the frequency bands described in
resolves to invite ITU-R 1 above;
5 studies towards ensuring protection of the radio astronomy frequency bands 42.5-43.5 GHz, 48.94-49.04 GHz and 51.4-
54.25 GHz from non-GSO FSS transmissions, taking into account recognizing i) above, including study of aggregate FSS interference
effects from networks and systems operating or planned to operate in the frequency bands described in resolves to invite ITU-R 1 above,
further resolves
to invite WRC-19 to consider the results of the above studies and take appropriate action,
WP 5A
WP 5B
WP 5C]
WP 5D
WP 6A
WP 7B
WP 7C
WP 7D
(WP 3M)
(WP 4B)
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WRC-2015: 5G Related Resolutions for WRC-19: Slide D
1.12 to consider possible global or regional harmonized frequency bands, to the maximum extent
possible, for the implementation of evolving Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) under existing mobile-
service allocations, in accordance with Resolution COM6/13 (WRC-15);
Resolution COM6/13 (W
RC-15)
Intelligent Transport
Systems applications
WP 5A
resolves to invite the 2019 World Radiocommunication
Conference
taking into account the results of ITU Radiocommunication
Sector (ITU-R) studies, to consider possible global or regional
harmonized frequency bands for the implementation of
evolving ITS under existing mobile-service allocations,
invites ITU-R
to carry out studies on technical and operational aspects of
evolving ITS implementation using existing mobile-service
allocations,
WP 4A
WP 4B
WP 4C
WP 5B
WP 5C
WP 5D
WP 7C
WP 7B
WP 7D
(WP 3K)
(WP 6A)
28FiberTower Confidential
WRC-2015: 5G Related Resolutions for WRC-19: Slide E
1.13 to consider identification of frequency bands for the future development of International Mobile
Telecommunications (IMT), including possible additional allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis, in
accordance with Resolution COM6/20 (WRC-15);
Resolution COM6/20 (W
RC-15)
Studies on frequency-
related matters for
International Mobile
Telecommunications
identification including
possible additional
allocations to the mobile
services on a primary basis
in portion(s) of the
frequency range between
24.25 and 86 GHz for the
future development of
International Mobile
Telecommunications
for 2020 and beyond
TG5/1
resolves to invite ITU-R
1 to conduct and complete in time for WRC-19 the appropriate studies to determine the spectrum needs for the terrestrial
component of IMT in the frequency range between 24.25 GHz and 86 GHz, taking into account:
– technical and operational characteristics of terrestrial IMT systems that would operate in this frequency range, including the
evolution of IMT through advances in technology and spectrally efficient techniques;
– the deployment scenarios envisaged for IMT-2020 systems and the related requirements of high data traffic such as in dense
urban areas and/or in peak times;
– the needs of developing countries;
– the time-frame in which spectrum would be needed;
2 to conduct and complete in time for WRC-19 the appropriate sharing and compatibility studies1, taking into account the
protection of services to which the band is allocated on a primary basis, for the frequency bands:
– 24.25-27.5 GHz2, 37-40.5 GHz, 42.5-43.5 GHz, 45.5-
47 GHz, 47.2-50.2 GHz, 50.4-52.6 GHz, 66-76 GHz and 81-
86 GHz, which have allocations to the mobile service on a
primary basis; and
– 31.8-33.4 GHz, 40.5-42.5 GHz and 47-47.2 GHz,
which may require additional allocations to the mobile service
on a primary basis,
further resolves
1 to invite CPM19-1 to define the date by which
technical and operational characteristics needed for sharing and
compatibility studies are to be available, to ensure that studies referred
to in resolves to invite ITU-R can be completed in time for
consideration at WRC-19;
2 to invite WRC-19 to consider, based on the results of the above studies, additional spectrum allocations to the
mobile service on a primary basis and to consider identification of frequency bands for the terrestrial component of IMT; the bands to be
considered being limited to part or all of the bands listed in resolves to invite ITU-R 2,
____________
1 Including studies with respect to services in adjacent bands, as appropriate.
2 When conducting studies in the band 24.5-27.5 GHz, to take into account the need to ensure the protection of existing earth stations and the
deployment of future receiving earth stations under the EESS (space-to-Earth) and SRS (space-to-Earth) allocation in the frequency band 25.5-
Note: the
groups
below are
involved
groups
contributi
ng to this
issue
WP 3J
WP3K
WP 3M
WP 4A
WP 4B
WP 4C
WP 5A
WP 5B
WP 5C
WP 5D
WP 6A
WP 7B
WP 7C
WP 7D
29FiberTower Confidential
WRC-2015: 5G Related Resolutions for WRC-19: Slide F
1.14 to consider, on the basis of ITU-R studies in accordance with Resolution COM6/21 (WRC-15),
appropriate regulatory actions for high-altitude platform stations (HAPS), within existing fixed-service allocations;
Resolution COM6/21
(WRC-15)
Facilitating access to
broadband applications
delivered by high-altitude
platform stations
WP 5C
resolves to invite ITU-R
1 to study additional spectrum needs for gateway and fixed terminal links for HAPS to provide broadband connectivity
in the fixed service taking into account:
– the existing identifications and deployments of HAPS systems;
– the deployment scenarios envisioned for HAPS broadband systems and related requirements such as in remote areas;
– the technical and operational characteristics of HAPS systems, including the evolution of HAPS through advances in
technology and spectrally-efficient techniques, and their deployment;
2 to study the suitability of using the existing identifications in recognizing c), on a global or regional level, taking into
account the regulatory provisions, such as geographical and technical restrictions associated with existing HAPS identifications based on
the study performed in resolves to invite ITU-R 1;
3 to study appropriate modifications to the existing footnotes and associated resolutions in the identifications in
recognizing c) in order to facilitate the use of HAPS links on a global or regional level, limited to the currently identified frequency bands
and, where the use of an identification is not technically feasible for HAPS use, the possible removal of
the unsuitable identification;
4 to study, in order to meet any spectrum needs which
could not be satisfied under resolves to invite ITU-R 1 and 2, for the
use of gateway and fixed terminal links for HAPS, the following
frequency bands already allocated to the fixed service on a primary
basis, not subject to Appendices 30, 30A, and 30B in any region:
– on a global level: 38-39.5 GHz, and
– on a regional level: in Region 2, 21.4-22 GHz and
24.25-27.5 GHz,further resolves
1 that the studies referred to in resolves to invite ITU-R 3 and 4 include sharing and compatibility studies to ensure protection
of existing services allocated in the frequency ranges identified and, as appropriate, adjacent band studies, taking into account studies
already performed in ITU-R;
2 that modifications studied under resolves to invite ITU-R 3 shall not consider the use of HAPS links in the frequency bands
subject to Appendix 30B;
3 to develop ITU-R Recommendations and Reports, as appropriate, on the basis of the studies called for in resolves to invite
ITU-R 1, 2, 3, and 4 above,
…
resolves to invite the 2019 World Radiocommunication Conference
to consider the results of the above studies and take necessary regulatory actions, as appropriate, provided that the results referred to in
resolves to invite ITU-R are complete and agreed by ITU-R study groups.
WP 4A
WP 4C
WP 5A
WP 5D
WP 7B
WP 7C
(WP 3M)
(WP 7D)
30FiberTower Confidential
IMT Support for Giving Incumbent mmWave Licensees Flexible Mobile/Fixed Rights
Verizon CEO Lowell McAdams to Tom Wheeler
“Mr. McAdam emphasized the importance to the US economy and US consumer of the Commission acting quickly to make the spectrum bands above 24 GHz available for mobile broadband. Verizon agrees with the Commission’s primary proposal to grant flexible use rights to existing terrestrial licensees in the 28 GHz and 39 GHz bands.”
31 FiberTower Confidential
Conclusion
• Operators and Forecasters are showing that Pre 5G Deployments will ‘arrive’ in volume in
2017
• Drivers:
• Gigabit PTP and PMP Gear
• RFIC Advancements
• WRC – 15 Resolutions
• M2M, IOT
• Non-Line-of-Sight:
• Small cells (along with micro, pico, femto) in turn will drive NLOS solutions, resulting
in 5G NLOS use for bands above 6GHz.
• Opens exponentially the amount of spectrum available for mobile applications
Joseph Sandri
FiberTower Corp.
Ph: 202.223.1028
32 FiberTower Confidential
Contact
THANK YOU!
Joseph Sandri
FiberTower Corp.
Ph: 202.223.1028
33 FiberTower Confidential
Selected References (1 of 5)
“Millimeter-Wave Base Station for Mobile Broadband Communication,” F.Aryanfar, Z. Pi, H. Zhou, T.
Henige, G. Xu, S. Abu-Sura, D. Psychoudakis, F.Khan, Samsung Research America (May 2015)
“Study of Coexistence between 5G Small-Cell Systes and Systems of the Fixed Service at 39 GHz
Band,” J.Kim, L.Xian, A. Maltev, R. Aregi, A.S. Sadri, Intel Corporation, Nizhny Nogorod State
University
IEEE MTT-S (IMS2015) May 2015
JRC Small Cell Backhaul WIPAS 2 (Mar. 2013)
JRC 24GHz PMP & PTP small cell backhaul: “The JRC-FiberTower Process for Providing Access to
Licensed 24GHz and 39GHz Spectrum” (May 2012)
http://www.jrcamerica.com/download/WIPAS_Spectrum_in_US.pdf
Wikipedia Femtocell: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtocell
Wikipedia Macrocell: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocell
Inacon Picocell: http://www.inacon.de/glossary/Pico-cell.php
ITU-T (July 2011) (see p.11): http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/06/4D/T064D0000020072PDFE.pdf
IWPC small cell workshop Jan-Feb 2012:
http://www.iwpc.org/Workshop_Folders/12_02_SmallCell_Backhaul/12_02_Agenda_Backhaul.html
Telecom Pulse (showcase Alcatel-Lucent cube): http://telecompulse.com/2011/02/12/small-cell-
technology-that-can-replace-cellular-towers-to-be-showcased-at-mwc-2011/
ITU-R P.1411-1:
http://symoon.free.fr/scs/ofdm/biblio/Transmission%20pour%20micro%20drones%202004/Netograph
ie/Modelisation%20de%20canal/ITU_R_P1411.pdf
Instat Small Cell study: http://www.instat.com/mp/10/IN1004712GW_Sample.pdf
EFYMag (Jan. 2011): http://www.efymagonline.com/pdf/Femto-Cells_Jan11.pdf
34 FiberTower Confidential
Selected References (2 of 5)
Comptel Connection, Vol. 9, No. 18 (May 6, 2013)
FCC Small Cell and DAS program (Feb 1, 2012): http://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-workshop-das-
and-small-cells-february-1-2012
FCC Gigabit City Workshop, Mar. 2013 (http://www.fcc.gov/events/gigabit-workshop-1 )
JDSU
Ericsson Review 2013.3
Marvedis Front Haul Trends (Dec 2012)
FCC ULS search May 8, 2013: Call sign WPND768
John Janka et al, Latham & Watkins LLP Letter to FCC re: FiberTower Corporation’s Request for
Extension of Time, or in the Alternative, Limited Waiver of Substantial Service Requirement, ULS File
No. 0005207557 et al. (May 3, 2013)
John Janka et al, Latham & Watkins LLP Letter to FCC re: FiberTower Corporation’s Request for
Extension of Time, or in the Alternative, Limited Waiver of Substantial Service Requirement, ULS File
No. 0005207557 et al. (April 3, 2013)
FCC Small Cell and DAS program (Feb 1, 2012): http://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-workshop-das-
and-small-cells-february-1-2012
CTIA Small Cell program (May 2012): http://www.ctiawireless.com/events/eventdetails.cfm/1468
AT&T Small Cell pilot due late 2012; early 2013: http://www.engadget.com/2012/05/08/att-small-cell-
site-pilot-due-late-2012-2013/
Lightreading: DragonWave small cell product with FiberTower spectrum:
http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=213881
35 FiberTower Confidential
Selected References (3 of 5)
Verizon; WirelessWeek “VoLTE: Coming Soon to a Phone Near You”, Oct. 15,
2013, http://www.wirelessweek.com/articles/2013/10/volte-coming-soon-phone-near-you
Pascagoula School District: TV White Space Project Presentation, SHLB, May 9, 2014, Washington,
DC
New America Foundation: SHLB Conference, 5/9/2014
Dell’Oro Group
NTT DOMOCO, 5/8/2014, "DOMOCO to Conduct 5G Experimental Trials with World-leading Mobile
Technology Vendors“
“Samsung Says New Superfast “5G” Works with Handsets in Motion” MIT Technology Review 6/3/13
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/515631/samsung-says-new-superfast-5g-works-with-
handsets-in-motion
WirelessTelecom.Wordpress.com , 5/4/2014
FCC; Fletcher Heald & Hildred CommLaw Blog, 11/20/2013
2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research
Use of Spectrum Bands Above 24 GHz for Mobile Radio Services, et al., GN Docket No. 14-177, et al.,
Notice of Inquiry, 29 FCC Rcd 13020 (2014) (“NOI”)
Use of Spectrum Bands Above 24 GHz for Mobile Radio Services, et al., GN Docket No. 14-177, et al.,
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 81 Fed. Reg. 1802 (2015) (NPRM).
NOI Comments of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings, LLC, GN Docket No. 14-177 (filed Jan. 15, 2015)
NOI Reply Comment of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings, LLC, GN Docket No. 14-177 (filed Feb. 18,
2015)
36 FiberTower Confidential
Ex Parte Letter of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings LLC, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Apr. 24, 2015)
Ex Parte Filing of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings LLC, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Sep. 2, 2015)
Ex Parte Letter of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings LLC, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Oct. 15, 2015)
NPRM Comments of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings, LLC, GN Docket No. 14-177 (filed Jan. 27, 2016)
NPRM Reply Comments of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings, LLC, GN Docket No. 14-177 (filed Feb. 26,
2016)
Ex Parte Filing of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings LLC, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Mar. 28, 2016)
Ex Parte Filing of Ericsson, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Feb. 23, 2016)
Ex Parte Letter of Ericsson, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Jan. 8, 2016)
Ex Parte Letter of Verizon, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Dec. 18, 2015)
“Verizon 5G Fixed Wireless Pilot Tracking for 2017”, RCR Wireless News, Sean Kinney, (Apr 22,2016)
http://www.rcrwireless.com/20160422/carriers/verizon-tracking-fixed-wireless-5g-pilot-2017-tag17 (last
accessed 5/5/16)
Spectrum Frontiers Workshop, Federal Communications Commissions, March 10 2016,
https://www.fcc.gov/news-events/events/2016/03/spectrum-frontiers-workshop (last accessed 5/5/16)
“5G a Triumph of Hype Over Expectation?”, Industrial iot 5G, David Pringle,(April 25, 2016)
http://industrialiot5g.com/5g-triumph-hype-expectation-tag28/ (last accessed 5/10/16)
“5G Standards Work Enables Global Scale”, Industrial iot 5G, Sean Kinney (April 22, 2016)
http://industrialiot5g.com/5g-standards-work-enables-global-scale-tag17-tag99/ (last accessed 5/10/16)
“Dish Warns Key 5G Spectrum ‘will be controlled almost exclusively by Verizon’ if XO deal approved”, Fierce
Wireless, Colin Gibbs (May 4, 2016) http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/dish-warns-5g-will-be-controlled-
almost-exclusively-verizon-if-carrier-acqu/2016-05-04 (last accesses 5/10/16)
Selected References (4 of 5)
37 FiberTower Confidential
“Verizon Confirms XO Spectrum in 28 GHz and 39 GHz Bands Will Be Used in 5G Tests”, Fierce Wireless,
Colin Gibbs (February 23, 2016). http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/verizon-confirms-xo-spectrum-28-ghz-
and-39-ghz-bands-will-be-used-5g-tests/2016-02-23 (last accessed 5/10/16)
Petition To Deny of DISH Network Corporation in Application of XO Communications. LLC and Verizon
Communications Inc. for Transfer of Control of Licenses and Authorizations, WC Docket. 16-70 (filed May 3,
2016)
Jon Martens, Anritsu Paper, Millimeter-Wave VNA Characterization using Modulated Signals, (Mar 2016)
http://dl.cdn-anritsu.com/ja-jp/test-measurement/reffiles/About-Anritsu/R_D/Technical/91/91-06-5g-2.pdf (last
accessed 5/10/16)
“CEO Details Sprint 5G Plans, Upcoming Trial”, Industrial iot 5G, Sean Kinney (May 4, 2016).
http://industrialiot5g.com/sprint-5g-plans-tag17/ (last accessed 5/10/16)
ITU-R (2016)
Selected References (5 of 5)
40 FiberTower Confidential
Multi-gigabit mmWave – handset component (Sources: IEEE MTT-
S 5/19/2015 Phoenix AZ; IBM)
Enabling GB/s Wireless Connectivity in Portable Devices
Packaged 60 GHz Transceiver Supporting End-Fire and Normal Link
Directions
Normal Radiation
End Fire Radiation
Packaged RFIC
Designed for Portability
Small – Compact (11mm x 11mm x .5mm) and inexpensive multi-layer
organic (MLO) Package
Low Power – Fully Integrated low-power (< 250mW) switched beam,
60GHz transceiver in IBM 32nm SOI
Wide spatial coverage – 4 antennas support transmit and receive in both
broadside and end-fire directions
41 FiberTower Confidential
24GHz: 1Gbps - FiberTower Lab Connection (Physically diverse network connectivity,
complies with federal standard, Public Law 108-447, section 414)
Fiber Loop:
Network 1 Fiber Loop:
Network 2
1 Gbps link to Physically
Diverse Fiber Network 2
1 Gbps Wi-Fi
in 1st floor
conference
rooms
Uninterruptable
Power Source
(UPS) at both
buildings.
42 FiberTower Confidential
The mmWave Environment is very ‘stimulated’ by
publications and equipment developments
42
43 FiberTower Confidential
mmWave: Handset Coverage Between Base Stations Sources: Samsung, Intel, IEEE MTT-S 2015, FiberTower
43
0-100 meters
0-100
Meters: -60
GHz,
-70/80 GHz
0-300 Meters –
-LMDS
-37 GHz
-39 GHz
-42 GHz
0-500 Meters:
-20 GHz,
-24GHz,
-26GHz
44 FiberTower Confidential
24GHz: Mobile & NLOS Testing Using PMP Equipment
90 Degrees Sectoral Antenna
49 FiberTower Confidential
Mobility Test at 24GHz
MODE MAXIMUM
FUNCTIONALITY AS
PERTAINS TO
AVERAGE LINK
SPEED (Mbps)
PERCENTAGE
RELATED TO
OPTIMAL
STATIONARY FIXED
CONDITIONS
Normal line-of-sight
connectivity
11 Mbps avg.
download;
21 Mbps avg. upload
100%
Remote unit traveling
at 6 miles per hour
over 0.2 miles in line-
of-sight conditions.
State highway 28:
Georgia Avenue,
Silver Spring,
Maryland.
5.3 Mbps avg.
download;
14 Mbps avg. upload.
Download: 48.18%
Upload: 66.67%
Remote unit traveling
1-2Mph backwards
and forward 215 feet
from base station,
across railroad tracks
and state highway.
9.5 Mbps avg.
download;
20 Mbps avg. upload.
Download: 86.36%
Upload: 95.24%
Mobility test at 24 GHz:
TABLE 1: Mobile deployments at 24GHz using standard PMP equipment calibrated
to a maximum 11 Mbps download and 21 Mbps upload in stationary optimal
conditions.
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MODE MAXIMUM
FUNCTIONALITY AS
PERTAINS TO
AVERAGE LINK
SPEED (Mbps)
PERCENTAGE
RELATED TO
OPTIMAL
STATIONARY FIXED
CONDITIONS
Normal line-of-sight
connectivity
180 Mbps avg.
download;
180 Mbps avg. upload
100%
Remote unit traveling
at 6 miles per hour over
0.2 miles in line-of-sight
conditions. State
highway 28: Georgia
Avenue, Silver Spring,
Maryland.
103.365 Mbps full
duplex
Download: 48.18%
Upload: 66.67%
Combined for average
57.425%
Remote unit traveling
1-2Mph backwards and
forward 215 feet from
base station, across
railroad tracks and
state highway.
163.44 Mbps full
duplex
Download: 86.36%
Upload: 95.24%
Combined for average
90.8%
TABLE 2: Mobile 24GHz: Extrapolation to 180 Mbps full duplex system utilizing
data from Table 1 actual mobility test.
Mobility Test at 24GHz Continued…
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MODE MAXIMUM FUNCTIONALITY
AS PERTAINS TO AVERAGE
LINK SPEED (Mbps)
PERCENTAGE RELATED
TO OPTIMAL
STATIONARY FIXED
CONDITIONS
Normal line-of-sight
connectivity
1 Gbps avg. download;
1 Gbps avg. upload
100%
Remote unit traveling at 6
miles per hour over 0.2
miles in line-of-sight
conditions. State
highway 28: Georgia
Avenue, Silver Spring,
Maryland.
572.5 Mbps full duplex Download: 48.18%
Upload: 66.67%
Combined for average
57.25%
Remote unit traveling 1-
2Mph backwards and
forward 215 feet from
base station, across
railroad tracks and state
highway.
908 Mbps full duplex Download: 86.36%
Upload: 95.24%
Combined for average
90.8%
TABLE 3: Mobile 24GHz: Extrapolation to 1 Gbps full duplex system
utilizing data from Table 1 actual mobility test.
Mobility Test at 24GHz Continued…
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MODE MAXIMUM FUNCTIONALITY AS
PERTAINS TO AVERAGE LINK
SPEED (Mbps)
PERCENTAGE RELATED TO
OPTIMAL STATIONARY FIXED
CONDITIONS
Normal line-of-sight
connectivity
180 Mbps avg. download;
180 Mbps avg. upload
100%
NLOS PMP signal deflected off
building across the street and
down to street level stationary
vehicle.
9 Mbps avg. download;
21 Mbps avg. upload.
Download: 81.18%
Upload: 100%
TABLE 4: Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) deployment at 24 GHz using standard PMP
equipment calibrated to a maximum 11 Mbps download and 21 Mbps upload in
stationary optimal conditions.
Mobility Test at 24GHz Continued…
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MODE MAXIMUM FUNCTIONALITY AS
PERTAINS TO AVERAGE LINK
SPEED (Mbps)
PERCENTAGE RELATED TO
OPTIMAL STATIONARY FIXED
CONDITIONS
Normal line-of-sight
connectivity
180 Mbps avg. download;
180 Mbps avg. upload
100%
NLOS PMP signal deflected off
building across the street and
down to street level stationary
vehicle.
163.06 Mbps Download: 81.18%
Upload: 100%
Combined: 90.59%
TABLE 5: Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) 24GHz: Extrapolation to 180Mbps full duplex systems utilizing data
from Table 4 NLOS deployment.
Mobility Test at 24GHz Continued…
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MODE MAXIMUM FUNCTIONALITY AS
PERTAINS TO AVERAGE LINK
SPEED (Mbps)
PERCENTAGE RELATED TO
OPTIMAL STATIONARY FIXED
CONDITIONS
Normal line-of-sight connectivity 1 Gbps avg. download;
1 Gbps avg. upload
100%
NLOS PMP signal deflected off
building across the street and
down to street level stationary
vehicle.
905.9 Mbps Download: 81.18%
Upload: 100%
Combined: 90.59%
TABLE 6: Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) 24GHz: Extrapolation to 1 Gbps full duplex systems utilizing
data from Table 4 NLOS deployment.
Mobility Test at 24GHz Continued…
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700 MHz 24-26 GHz 38 GHz
Beamwidth 97.4º 2.5º 1.6º
Channel Reuse:
[The maximum times
the same channel
(with shielded sectors)
could theoretically be
reused in the same
360º from the same
location.]
Less than 4 144 225
Figure 2: Beamwidth and Channel Reuse Analysis Using Data from Figure 1
57 FiberTower Confidential
mmWave: ITU: WRC-2015, WRC-19, WRC-23
Nov 2015 – WRC-
2015
May 2016 – WP5
Nov 2016 – WP5
WRC-19
WRC23
Radiocommunication Study
Groups
Source: Document 5C/TEMP/193 Document 5/167-E
6 November 2014
English only
Working Party 5C
DRAFT NEW REPORT ITU-R F.[FS USE-
TRENDS]
Fixed service use and future trends
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Small, Micro, Pico, Femto
59
Network Integrated NOT Network Integrated
SMALL PICO
25w - 10w 5w - 0.5w
FEMTO
0.50 – 0.25w
MICRO RANGE
C Cell
(Consumer)
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Small Cell: Complex EcologiesWhat Data is Meaningful to You? Your Funders? Your Customers?
60
SMALL CELL
• Macro
• Micro
• PicoSkilled
Workers
RFP’s
Build Deadlines
Build
Status
Capital Funds
Needed
Demand > Supply
Furniture
Equipment
Demands
Power
Source
Weather
Distance
Interference
Available Spectrum
Site Access
CityState
Utility
Region
FCC
NTIA
State Dept
ITU
Working
Party 5c
Non Static
Ecosystem
2016
2015
2014
FirstNET
5G
LTE
WCS
AWS
BRS900 MHz
800 MHz
700 MHz
TV White
Space
WiFiIndoor
Stadium
Outdoor
Weight Loading
Wind Loading
Standards
3.5 GHz
ConnectED
4G builds
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Mobile Broadband Status <-> Small Cell Markets
61
Small Cell Type Residential Small-Medium
Business Enterprise
Service Provider
# Users per small
Cell
1-8 1-32 1-16
Network 2G/ 3G/ 4G/ WiFi 2G/ 3G/ 4G/ WiFi 3G/ 4G/ WiFi
Status Early Majority Late Majority Innovator
Typical Access
Vendor
Juni, SK Telecom,
ALV, Airvano, Cisco,
IP-Access, NEC,
Samsung,
SpiderCloud
ALV, Airvano, Cisco,
IP-Access, NEC,
Samsung,
SpiderCloud
ALV, Ericsson, Cisco,
Huawei, NEC, Nokia,
Samsung,
SpiderCloud, ZTE
Rf Power Licensed < 20mV <0.2W <10W
TYPE Femto Femto, Pico Femto, Pico, Micro
2.5% 13.5%Early Adopters 34%
Early Majority
34%
Late Majority
16% Laggards
HetNet VoLTE
Innovators
Consistent
10mbps
World Smart Phone U.S. Smart Phone
Source:
Dell’Oro
Group
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VoLTE
62
‘Volte : A very small circle that is used in the training of a horse.
Of all the circles, it requires the most balance from the horse.
Voltes are excellent training tools, encouraging engagement and
power”
VoLTE : Voice over LTE Lower power consumption; Uses 50% less spectrum than 2G/3G voice Smaller Cells
Sources: WikiPedia; Verizon; WirelessWeek “VoLTE: Coming Soon to a Phone Near You”, Oct. 15,
2013, http://www.wirelessweek.com/articles/2013/10/volte-coming-soon-phone-near-you
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Small Cell Adoption Barriers
63
BACKHAUL: Affordable/ Available
COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY:
• Complete End-to-End Solution
• Performance Parity with Marco Cell
DEPLOYMENT CHALLENGE:
• Street Furniture
• Security
• Trust
• New territory/ skill sets needed to deploy
• Permitting/Site Access
Source: AT&T; Dell’Oro Group
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What Are Small Cells?
There are varying definitions. For purposes of today’s presentation we will use the following:
Macrocells are the original, wide area high power bases stations that cover areas typically
reaching up to 20 miles radius (there are exceptions).
Small cells are the generic umbrella term for a variety of smaller underlay cell technologies.
Small cells do not replace Macrocells, and instead support and feed back to Macrocell
networks.
Picocells are operated and managed by the network operator who also pays for site rental, and
transmission back to the core network.
Femtocells are semi-autonomous systems. They are installed, powered and connected by the end user
or business with less active remove management by the network operator who remains responsible for
them.
Macro Small Cell
Radio 1-3 miles 0.1-0.5 miles
Per site capacity -150 to 500 Mbps -100 to 300 Mbps
Aggregation
capacity
-500 to 2000 Mbps -300 to 1000 Mbps
65 FiberTower Confidential
Small Cell Wireless Backhaul Solutions
Unlicensed
Millimeter
Wave
(60 GHz)
Lightly
Licensed
Millimeter
Wave
(70-80 GHz);
100 GHz+
Licensed Point-
to-Point
Microwave
(6,11,18,23 GHz)
Licensed Wide-
Area Microwave
(24,28,31,38 GHz)
Sub-6 GHz
Licensed/
Lightly
Licensed (2.4
GHz; BRS;
3.65 GHz; etc)
Sub-6 GHz
Unlicensed
(TVWS; 900-
928 MHz;
2400-2483.5
MHz; 5 GHz)
Capacity +1Gbps (scalable) 10Gbps +
Scalable
1Gbps + 1Gbps + 170 Mbps 1x1MIMO:150Mbit/s
2x2MIMI:300Mbit/s
3x3MIMO;450Mbit/s
Coverage 1km hop length ~ 3km hop length 2-4 Km 2-4 Km - 1.5-2.5km urban
- 10km rural
Up to 250 meters
Installation Line of Sight Line of Sight • Line of sight
• New NLOS product
on market– viability
being tested
• Line of sight
• New NLOS product
on market– viability
being tested
• Non line of sight
• New NLOS
product on
market– viability
being tested
Non line of sight
Use Cases Strong candidate
to be primary
wireless backhaul
at the ‘street-level’
Suitable for
‘rooftop
aggregation’ of
small cells, back
to macro
- Point to multipoint:
Peppered Capacity
- Point to Point:
Remote not-spots
- Point to multipoint:
Peppered Capacity
- Point to Point:
Remote not-spots
Significantly
higher coverage
enabling rapid
rollout across a
target area
- Remote isolated
locations
- backhaul of Wi-Fi
access points
Challenges - Requires line of
sight
- requires multiple
hops
- Complexity of
install
- Pole Sway
- Required line of
sight
- Requires Line of sight - Requires Line of sight
- New NLOS products
being tested for wide-
scale viability
Limited by typical
licensed spectrum
allocation
availability
- Uncoordinated
causing
interference
- In unlicensed
spectrum clear
today does not
guarantee clear
tomorrow
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Small Cell Wireless Front Haul
Front Haul: Connection between the two main parts of a Mobile Base Station (1) Base Band Unit (2) Radio Unit
CPRI = Common Public Radio InterfaceRRH = Remote Radio HeadWRRH = Wireless Remote Radio Head
Base Band Unit
W-RRH
W-RRH
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FRONT HAUL
Type of
Connection
Throughput
Requirement
Maximum
Round Trip
Delay
Backhaul Maximum: 150 Mbps
Average: 21 Mbps
20 milliseconds
Fronthaul Constant : 2.457
Gbps
0.300
milliseconds
Table 1 Comparison of requirements for a single-sector LTE 2x2 MIMO base station in a 20
MHz channel [Source: Marvedis
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Cell metrics
1980s to the Present
3 Million mobile base stations operational worldwide
῀25 years to construct
Present to 2019
60 Million commercial mobile LTE base stations worldwide
10-15% in the U.S.
Backhaul Wireline: +50%
Backhaul Wireless: 20-to-50%
Low band
Unlicensed
Licensed
High band
Unlicensed
Licensed
Ratio of Small Cell to Macro: 5:1 (Suburban) to 20:1 (Dense Urban)
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National and local level challenges to handle any A&E drawing, leasing,
zoning, permitting or construction needs
Other uses not included in the commercial network forecast tabulation:
FirstNet: National First Responder Network
45,000 Macro sites
WiFi
WISPs
Fronthaul
SmartGrid
Intelligent Vehicle
Electronic bill boards
Stadium & Festival events
Video > Fixed, Portable & Mobile
Surveillance; News
Inside buildings
Other Uses
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Network Deployment Process: Street Level
Requires Different Thinking
Design
• Final Design with Field Verification
• Ascetics & Size Make Enormous Difference with Small Cells versus Macro Cells
Pre-NTP
• Site Design and Lease Application
• Pre-Construction site walks
• Construction drawings, structural analysis and lease application
NTP
• NTP to Construction
• Lease execution, zoning approval (possibly waived) & building/tower permit or pole attachment
• Space and power readiness confirmation
Build
• Site Construction
• Equipment installation and cabling
• Pathing and RF link testing
• Site acceptance
Test & Acceptance
• Link Test & Acceptance
• Service provisioning and service testing
• Handover to customer
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Deployment: Construction Standards
General Workmanship
Grounding
Cabinet Installation
Cabling and
Connectors
Equipment Installation
Antennas and
Mounts
Special Circum-stances
Detailed library of construction standards to cover all Metro authorities
FCC Pole Attachment rules: utilities to ‘make ready’ within 45 days; ῀$12/yr
Cross-functional teams must continually review and update based on field feedback
Contractors are trained on the standards; Field Operations verifies compliance upon
site acceptance
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Small Cell Accelerators
LTE Arriving: Funded projects
Verizon well underway
AT&T, TMO, Sprint, Others in various (mostly early) stages
National 1st Responder Network (45,000 sites; Funded Feb. 2012, Pub.Law 112-96).
FCC Pole Attachment Order
July 2011: Utilities must make poles ready within 45 days
Typically $12 per year rent
Compared to +$200 per month on typical towers and rooftops!
Small Cell backhaul gear developments
Low band
Unlicensed 928 MHz, 2.8 GHz, 5 GHz
Lite License: 3.65 GHz
3.5 GHz SAS (testing)
Wide-area Licensed : BRS, WCS, 1.4, others
High band
Unlicensed : 60 GHz ; Lite Licensed: 70-90 GHz
Point-to-point: 6, 11, 18, 23 GHz
Wide-area Licensed: 24 GHz (400 MHz); 28-31 GHz; 38.6-40.0 GHz
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Sample Fixed Wireless/ Fiber Backhaul Architecture
Hybrid network architecture, composed
of fiber and point-to-point microwave
transport segments
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Small Cell Project Backhaul Network: Border Protection
Primary Network Nodes:
Fiber exchange points
On-net buildings/towers
Off-net buildings/towers
Aggregation hub trooftops/owers
Small-cell host poles/towers/buildings
Microwave Backhaul Links
Macro Aggregation links
Small cell access links
Lightpoles/Power poles
Towers/Rooftops
Portable
Return to
Macro
Network
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Sample fixed wireless systems: small cell backhaul
For use on licensed wide-area millimeter band licenses
EBand
DragonWave
Multiple point-to-point backhaul for pole-mounted LTE base stations
JRC
Point-to-multipoint (PMP) and Point-to-point (PTP)
BridgeWave
+1 Gbps
Ceragon
Ericsson
Alcatel-Lucent
Aviat
SAF T
Many others!
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Highly Dense Deployments Reveal New Uses for Fixed
Millimeter-Wave : NLOS, Portable, Mobile
Once small cell deployments achieve critical mass
Hundreds or thousands of systems over a few square miles
Outdoors
Inside buildings
Portable
Mobile
Achieving line-of-sight from multiple angles
Easily installed low-cost, low-profile gear
Point-to-multipoint (PMP) and Point-to-point (PTP)
Thus allowing ‘ mobile-style’ performance on wide-area
licenses
With superior bandwidth suddenly available
400 MHz at 24GHz (5 x 80 MHz channels)
1150 MHz in LMDS Block A
1.4 GHz at 39 GHz (14 x 100 MHz channels)
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• ATT McCaw Era 6GHz Mobile
Stanford: circa 2005 60GHz Mobile;
Ericsson: Figures from Non-Line-of-
Sight Microwave Backhaul Small
Cells Presentation from Feb 22 2013
Density-based Mobile
NLOS, Portable, Mobile
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Small-Cell Wide-Area Licensed Spectrum: 24GHz,
28GHz, 31GHz, 38GHz
Quality of Service:
• Commercial Contract Standards:
• Exclusively Licensed
• Wide-area planning
• 99.995% Signal Availability
• 4-to-8 hour Mean Time to Repair
• High Density
• +50 Links Per Square Mile
• Low-profile customer node
• Sample: Less than 12”
• NOTE: Some are substantially
smaller
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FCC Enforces Renewal Standard
Four links per million people by June 1, 2012
resulted in:
• 2/3rds licenses returned
• Approximately 60 Extension Requests denied
and licenses terminated
• Perfectly good state-of-the-art systems torn
down
• National small-cell backhaul network rejected
• Some systems built using ancient technology
• FiberTower sought and received Federal Court
injunction against FCC re-authorizing its
terminated 24GHz and 39GHz licenses
• Briefing schedule estimated Mid- 2014
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Small-Cells Mobility and Spectrum Benefits
Small-cells enhance coverage of macro-cells and capacity for indoor and outdoor environments:
- Increases throughput and mobility performance
- Optimizes power and spectrum efficiencies
SOURCE: JDSU
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• What type of backhaul technology will be most commonly used in small-cells:
• 1.DSL over copper
• 2.Ethernet over copper
• 3.Ethernet over fiber
• 4.Ethernet over non-line-of-sight μW (< 6GHz)
• 5.Ethernet over line-of-sight μW (6GHz to 30GHz)
• 6.Ethernet over mmW (30GHz to 300GHz)
Poll Question
SOURCE: JDSU
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Traditional Line of Sight Considerations.
105
Source: New America Foundation: SHLB Conference, 5/9/2014
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TV White Spaces: Small Cell Examples
106
Base station: 3’ tall, 5”
cylinder. Nodes: Flat panel 10” x 8”
x 1” Advantages: NLOS
Performance: 3Mbps
down; 1 Mbps up
Source: Pascagoula School District: TV White Space Project Presentation, SHLB,
May 9, 2014, Washington, DC"
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Non Line of Sight (NLOS): Network Tests Announced
May 8, 2014
107
Source: NTT DOMOCO, 5/8/2014, "DOMOCO to Conduct 5G Experimental Trials
with World-leading Mobile Technology Vendors"
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NLOS & Superfast 5G: Unlocking Microwave, Millimeter
Wave and Above
108
MIT is looking closely, with due caution, at 5G NLOS claims
“Roh said that in tests—with a transmitter mounted on an outside wall at the third-
floor level of an 11-story concrete building and the receiver moving around, with part
of the building blocking the signal—the new technology delivered error-free data at
256 megabits per second, reaching a rate of 512 megabits per second with
negligible errors. This compares to the theoretical maximum of about 75 megabits
per second that current 4G LTE technology can provide.”
Source: “Samsung Says New Superfast “5G” Works with Handsets in Motion” MIT Technology Review 6/3/13
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/515631/samsung-says-new-superfast-5g-works-with-handsets-in-
motion/
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Macro, Pico, Micro, Femto, WiFi
109
Source: WirelessTelecom.Wordpress.com , 5/4/2014
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3.5 GHz Small Cell
110
• 3550-3650 MHz
• Novel: Real-time spectrum coordination
system suggested
• Technical Papers submitted Jan. 2014.
• Licensing/use not expected this year.
Sources: FCC; Fletcher Heald & Hildred CommLaw Blog, 11/20/2013
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5G Service Vision
111Source: 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research
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5G Key Performance Targets
112
Source: 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research
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Spectrum Remains a Key Challenge
113Source: 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research
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Unlocking mm-Wave Spectrum for 5G
114
Source: 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research
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mmWave Mobile Communication Prototype
115
Source: 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research
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Test Result Range
117Source: 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research
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Test Results - Mobility
118Source: 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research
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Mm-Wave 5G Opportunities & Research Challenges
119
Source: 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research
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NLOS – Millimeter Wave Band Test
120
Source: 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research
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Challenges for mmWave Mobility
121
• Acceptance on Security
• Beamforming
• Power Source
• Human Exposure: Heat more than RF
• Handset size
• Also:
• “more and higher carrier frequencies, more transitions, and wider modulation bandwidths, of
transmitters and receivers. Among the radio components, the power amplifier is often of central
interest due to its relative cost and relative importance in determining performance. Thus in a 5G
context, characterization and analysis of power amplifier performance can be quite important and
will be more challenging for a number of reasons:
• With higher carrier frequencies, stability and repeatability of the measurement can be more
difficult.
• Broader band and high frequency devices, and measurement systems, tend to have lower
return losses which can affect measurement accuracy. These mismatch effects are one part
of a broader power measurement accuracy question.
• Measurement speed can become an issue as the amount of frequency space to be
analyzed increases and the number of different parameters to be measured likely increases.
• Practicality of the measurement setup may become an issue as levels of complexity
increase” [Source: http://dl.cdn-anritsu.com/ja-jp/test-measurement/reffiles/About-
Anritsu/R_D/Technical/91/91-06-5g-2.pdf ]
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Potential interference scenerios in UMFUS (mmWave)
bands
122
[Source: ITU-R]
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mmWave 5G & Automotive
123
Issues: 5G Mobile Networks have certain common environmental challenges regardless if they service:
• automotive occupants
• automobile functions
• highway/roadway management functions
[Source: ITU-R]
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Conclusion
• Operators and Forecasters are showing that Pre 5G Deployments will ‘arrive’ in volume in
2017
• Drivers:
• Gigabit PTP and PMP Gear
• RFIC Advancements
• WRC – 15 Resolutions
• M2M, IOT
• Non-Line-of-Sight:
• Small cells (along with micro, pico, femto) in turn will drive NLOS solutions, resulting
in 5G NLOS use for bands above 6GHz.
• Opens exponentially the amount of spectrum available for mobile applications
Joseph Sandri
FiberTower Corp.
Ph: 202.223.1028