5G - 3GPP Standardization, Worldwide Development and Measurement Challenges · Günter Pfeifer...

Günter Pfeifer

Technology Manager – Wireless Communication

5G - 3GPP Standardization, Worldwide Development

and Measurement Challenges

2017 Technology Week R&S Taiwan

COMPANY RESTRICTED

What to expect from

5G

Introduction

3GPP Timeline and

update

Measurement

Challenges in 5G

Demonstrations,

Tests and Trials

Outline

2

Standardization MeasurementsWorldwide Status

Conclusion

Summary

Nov. 17 Technology Week Taiwan

What to expect from

5G

Introduction

3GPP Timeline and

update

Measurement

Challenges in 5G

Demonstrations,

Tests and Trials

Outline

3


Conclusion

Summary


ı GSA Reports (October ‘17):

644 commercially launched LTE

or LTE Advanced networks in

200 countries (forecast: ~700

commercial LTE networks by

end 2017)a

At least 32 operators have made

public commitments to the

deployment of pre-standards

‘5G’ or standards-based 5G

networks in 23 countries

4G Today and Technology Forecast

4

Source: Ericsson Mobility Report June 2017Source: GSA Evolution from LTE to 5G report, October 2017

https://gsacom.com/paper/evolution-lte-5g-october-2017/


QC Survey on 5G consumer interest and expectation

ı Consumer interest in 5G

ı What consumers think about 5G

ı Pain points with today’s mobile experiences

6,000 consumers

six countries

USA

China

UK

France

Germany

Finland

Nov. 17 Technology Week Taiwan 5

Source: https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2017/09/11/what-consumers-expect-5g-and-making-mmwave-reality

The outcome of the survey

ı Faster data speeds

ı Quicker response time

ı More cost-effective mobile data plans

ı Consumers are willing to pay more for in their next mobile devices

ı Ability to access seamless cellular connectivity anywhere

ı Growth trend for unlimited data plans



The outcome of the survey


Easy and fast downloads VR AR


What to expect from

5G

Introduction

3GPP Timeline and

update

Measurement

Challenges in 5G

Demonstrations,

Tests and Trials

Outline

8


Conclusion

Summary


9

5G - Continuing the Success of LTE Evolution

2009/10+ 2013+ Commercial operation2016+

Rel8 Rel9 Rel10 Rel11 Rel12 Rel13 Rel14

20

MHz

MIMO

OFDM

MBMS

Voice

Service: Data+Voice Mobile Broadband (MBB) eMBB / mIoT / uRLLC

8x8

MIMO

CA

eICIC

CoMP

WLAN

offload

MTC

D2D

DC

256

QAM

NB-

IoTCat0

LAA

LWA

LWIP

PSM

CA FDD

+ TDD

CAT

M1

SC-

PTM

D2D

enh.V2X

CA

enh.

mIoT

eMBB

uRLLC


3GPP officially launched New Radio (NR) specification workBasic agreements at 3GPP RAN#75 (March 2017)

ı New specification series 38.xxx

ı New single “Work Item on New Radio (NR) Access

Technology” – RAN1 is leading WG

ı Use cases eMBB and uRLLC

ı Frequencies up to 52.6 GHz

ı Background documents:

TR 38.900 Study on channel model for

frequency spectrum above 6GHz

TR 38.913 Study on scenarios and requirements

for next generation access technologies

10

eMBB

mIoT uRLLC


http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_ran/TSG_RAN/TSGR_75/Docs/RP-170855.zip

Pre-commercial field trials started about mid

of 2017 with proprietary standards based on

agreements between network operator(s)

and vendors

Where do we stand with 5G?

ı After research phase and early 5G prototype /

demonstrator stage transition towards concrete

specification and implementation work

ı 3GPP RAN started NR = 5G work item in

March 2017 and accelerated its timeline due to

industry activities outside 3GPP

ı First 3GPP NR specification should be

available end of 2017

11Nov. 17 Technology Week Taiwan

3GPP acceleration

ı How to write a complex specification in just 9 months?

RAN#75 March 2017 started Rel.15 work item „New Radio (NR) Access Technology“

RAN#78 December 2017 should provide first 5G NR specification

ı Prioritize

Prioritize eMBB

Down prioritize mIoT

Down prioritize uRLLC

Focus on non stand alone operation (NSA)

Focus on single deployment option to start with (Option 3 only)

Skip higher layers for the December release (L1/L2 only – as usual in 3GPP L3 one quarter later)

Skip other open study items like 5G V2X, Non orthogonal multiple access, non terrestrial access,

unlicensed spectrum, …


Focus Skip

3GPP StandardizationTimeline after 3GPP RAN #77 (Sept 2017)

13

Release 15Rel-14

5G Phase 2

2017 2018

5G Phase 1

NR Study Items

completed:

TR38.900: Channel

modeling > 6 GHz

TR38.913: 5G Scope

and Requirements

NR: New Radio

SA: Standalone

NSA: Non Standalone

eMBB: Enhanced Mobile Broadband

uRLLC: Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication

mIoT: Massive Internet of Things

2016 2019 2020

Release 16

Focus on NSA / SA deployment scenarios

for eMBB and uRLLC use cases

LTE Adv. Pro

Rel-15 Milestones

Dec 2017 / RAN #78

L1/L2 specification

for NSA option 3 /

eMBB completedMar 2018 / RAN #79

L3 specification for

NSA option 3 / eMBB

ASN.1 frozen

June 2018 / RAN #80

Rel-15 L1/L2 specs. incl.

SA / uRLLC completed

Sep 2018 / RAN #81

L3 specs. incl. SA / uRLLC

ASN.1 frozen

All deployment scenarios

mIoT use cases

Dec 2019 / RAN #86

Rel-16 completed

Rel-16 Milestones

June 2019 / RAN #84

IMT-2020 submission

LTE & NR Rel-15/16

First 5G NR

Network

Deployments


Deployment options: Option 3 is first priorityConnectivity options (Source TS37.340 / TS38.401)ı Single connectivity to Next-Generation

Core (NGC) - option 2

ı Dual connectivity between NR and LTE

E-UTRA master, NR secondary

Via EPC (Option 3)

Via NGC (Option 7)

NR master, E-UTRA secondary*

Via NGC (Option 4)

14

*Lower priority - started after the work on option 2, 3 series and 7 series are completed

gNB: A node which

supports the NR as

well as connectivity to

NGC

Option 2:NGC

gNB

NGU NGC

Xxu

S1MME

XxC

Xxu

eNB gNB

EPC

S1U S1MME

XxC

S1U

eNB gNB

EPCOption 3:

NGC

eNB

NGC

gNB

NGU

NGC

eNB

NGU NGC

gNB

Option 4:

NGC

eNB

NGC

gNB

NGU

NGC

eNB

NGU NGC

gNB

Option 7:


COMPANY RESTRICTED

ITU submission period for IMT-2020


Current intention to submit

a technology to ITU: • 3GPP (2 sets of subm.)

• Korea (3GPP compliant)

• China (3GPP compliant)

• DECT (not for eMBB)

Submission PeriodeOct.17 July 19

Source: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/study-groups/rsg5/rwp5d/imt-2020/Pages/ws-20171004.aspx

3GPP Calendar


Source: http://www.3gpp.org/3gpp-calendar

3GPP NR specificationsOverview

17

3GPP NR Specification Overview

Series Title

38.1xx RF test specifications (UE and BS)

38.2xx Layer 1 (physical layer) specifications

38.3xx Layer 2 / Layer 3 specifications

38.4xx Core network specifications

38.5xx UE conformance testing specifications for RF, RRM and protocol testing

38.90x UE conformance testing specifications: test points and test tolerances


3GPP NR specificationsRAN1/RAN2

18

RAN1 RAN2

Number Title Number Title

38.201 Physical layer; General description 38.300 Overall description; Stage-2

38.202 Physical layer services provided by the physical layer 38.304 User Equipment (UE) procedures in idle mode

38.211 Physical channels and modulation 38.306 User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities

38.212 Multiplexing and channel coding 38.321 MAC protocol specification

38.213 Physical layer procedures for control 38.322 RLC protocol specification

38.214 Physical layer procedures for data 38.323 PDCP specification

38.215 Physical layer measurements 38.331 RRC protocol specification

37.324 E-UTRA and NR: Service Data Adaptation (SDAP)

37.340 Multi-Connectivity; Overall description; Stage-2


38.2xx - Layer 1 (physical layer) specifications 38.3xx - Layer 2 / Layer 3 specifications

3GPP NR specificationsRAN3

19

RAN3

Number Title Number Title

38.401 Architecture description 38.470 F1 general aspects and principles

38.410 NG general aspects and principles 38.471 F1 layer 1

38.411 NG layer 1 38.472 F1 signalling transport

38.412 NG signalling transport 38.473 F1 Application Protocol (XnAP)

38.413 NG Application Protocol (NGAP) 38.474 F1 data transport

38.414 NG data transport 38.475 F1 interface user plane protocol

38.420 Xn general aspects and principles

38.421 Xn layer 1

38.422 Xn signalling transport

38.423 Xn Application Protocol (XnAP)

38.424 Xn data transport

38.425 Xn interface user plane protocol


38.4xx - Core network specifications


20

RAN4

Number Title

38.101 User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception

38.104 Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception

38.133 Requirements for support of radio resource management

38.141 Base Station (BS) conformance testing

38.307 Requirements on UEs supporting a release-independent frequency band


38.1xx - RF test specifications (UE and BS)


21

RAN5

Number Title

38.508 – 1 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 1: common test environment

38.508 – 2 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 2: common implementation statement

38.509 Special conformance testing functions for User Equipment (UE)

38.521 – 1…3 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Radio transmission and reception; Part 1 … 3 (RF)

38.521 – 4 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Radio transmission and reception; Part 4: Performance (RF)

38.522 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Applicability of RF and RRM test cases

38.533 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Radio resource management (RRM)

38.523 – 1 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 1: Protocol test cases (PCT)

38.523 – 2 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 2: Applicability of protocol test cases (PICS/PIXIT)

38.523 – 3 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 3: Protocol Test Suites (TTCN-3 ATS)

38.903 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Derivation of test tolerances for RF and RRM conformance test cases

38.905 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Derivation of test points for RF conformance test cases

38.5xx - UE conformance testing specifications for RF, RRM and protocol testing


Likely main parameters sub 6GHz

Parameter Value range

Carrier aggregation Up to 16 carrier

Bandwidth per carrier 5, 10, 15, 20, 50, 60, 80, 100, (200)MHz

Sub carrier spacing 15, 30, 60kHz

Modulation scheme 256QAM in UL and DL

MIMO scheme 2x2 or 4x4 in DL, SISO or 2x2 in UL

Duplex mode TDD (focus)

Frequency bands 3.3 – 3.8GHz, 4.4 – 5GHz

Access scheme CP-OFDM in UL and DL

DFT-s-OFDM in UL


Likely main parameters mmWave

Parameter Value range

Carrier aggregation Up to 16 carrier

Bandwidth per carrier 50, 100, 200, 400MHz

Sub carrier spacing 60, 120kHz

Modulation scheme 64QAM in UL and DL

MIMO scheme 2x2 in DL, SISO or 2x2 in UL

Duplex mode TDD (focus)

Frequency bands 24 – 29GHz, 37 – 43.5GHz

Access scheme CP-OFDM in UL and DL

DFT-s-OFDM in UL


Frequency trends for 5G

24

3.6 / 26GHz

(3.5) / 28 / 39GHz 3.5 / 5 / 26 / 39GHz

0.7 / 3.6 / 26GHz

Europe

700 MHz

3.4 - 3.8 GHz

24.25 - 27.5 GHz

China

3.3 - 3.6 GHz

4.8 - 5.0 GHz

24.75 - 27.5GHz

37 - 43.5 GHz

USA/Canada

[CBRS band (3.5GHz)]

27.5 - 28.35 GHz

37.0 - 40 GHz

64 - 71 GHz (unlicensed)

Australia

3.4 – 3.7 GHz

26 GHz

Korea

3.4 – 3.7 GHz

26.5 – 29.5 GHz

Japan

3.4 – 4.2 GHz

4.4 – 4.9 GHz

27.5 – 29.5 GHz

3.5 / 4.6 / 28 GHz


What to expect from

5G

Introduction

3GPP Timeline and

update

Measurement

Challenges in 5G

Demonstrations,

Tests and Trials

Outline

25


Conclusion

Summary


Extensive 5G trials activities are ongoing



Industry activities and 3GPP

enhanced Mobile

Broadband (eMBB)

massive Machine

Type Communication

(mIoT)

Ultra reliable &

low Latency

communication

(uRLLC)2 specific use cases: Fixed Wireless Access (FWA)

5G Trial Services

A triangle of

applications…

Verizon Wireless 5G specification, KT relies on similar PHY/MAC

ı Verizon Wireless 5G specification first version

made available in July 2016: www.5gtf.org

KT published it’s version in Nov. 2016 w/ mobility.

ı Based on 3GPP Release 12 LTE specification,

several changes and adaptations: OFDM(A) used also in the uplink.

Beamforming: Beam Reference Signal (tracking &

Acquisition), Beam Refinement Reference Signal.

Beam recovery

Phase Noise compensation reference signal defined for

downlink and uplink.

PHY/L1, MAC/RLC adaptations, new physical signals

and new or extended PHY channel/functionality

Higher layer (protocol) changes to be added.


http://www.5gtf.org/

PHY parameter LTE (Rel.8-14) Verizon pre5G

Downlink (DL) OFDM OFDM

Uplink (UL) DFT-s-OFDM OFDM

Subframe Length 1ms 0.2ms

Subcarrier Spacing 15 kHz 75 kHz

Sampling Rate 30.72 MHz 153.6 MHz

Bandwidth 20 MHz 100 MHz

NFFT 2048 2048

OFDM symbol duration, no CP 66.67 us 13.33 us

Frame Length 10 ms 10 ms

#Subframes (#slots) 10 (20) 50 (100)

CP Type Normal & Extended Normal Only

Multiplexing FDD / TDD Dynamic TDD

Max RBs 6,15,25,50,75,100 100

DL/UL Data coding Turbo Code LDPC code

LTE and Verizon pre5G PHY comparisonSubframe Length

LTE divided by 5

Sampling Rate

5 times LTE

Symbol Duration:

LTE divided by 5

Subcarrier Spacing

5 times LTE

Bandwidth

5 times LTE


ı 5G pre-commercial services to select customers in the following metropolitan areas:

Ann Arbor

Atlanta

Bernardsville (NJ)

Brockton (MA)

Dallas

Denver

Houston

Miami

Sacramento

Seattle

Washington, D.C.

Verizon to deliver 5G service to pilot customers in 11 markets


How to transmit 28 GHz signals through windows that block UV rays


Nokia prototype

indoor/outdoor 5G modem

Source: http://www.fiercewireless.com/5g/editor-s-corner-verizon-says-its-new-indoor-outdoor-prototype-5g-modem-solves-one-28-ghz-biggest

Qualcomm 4G/5G Summit Hong KongOctober 16th – 18th ı Verizon, Qualcomm collaborate on 5G NR millimeter wave trial

ı Include over-the-air trials, starting in 2018, that will be

compliant with the first 3GPP 5G NR specification

ı Commercial network deployment before the end of the decade

ı The companies plan on delivering a common 5G NR

millimeter wave technology platform for mobile and

home broadband wireless access, supporting a

5G NR migration path for Verizon’s early 5G

fixed wireless access deployments and trials

based on Verizon’s 5G Technical Forum (V5GTF) specifications.


Source: https://www.rcrwireless.com/20171017/5g/verizon-qualcomm-5g-nr-millimeter-wave-tag23

V5GTF

2017-2019

ı Demonstrations, Tests and Trials of 5G enabling and candidate technologies as of September 2017

42 countries

81 operators

over 140 separate demonstrations, tests or trials

ı Key pre-standards 5G technologies being explored include

new radio (NR) interfaces

operating in spectrum bands not previously used for mobile telecoms services

network slicing to support delivery of services tailored to specific types of customer or service

combinations of technologies such as massive MIMO

complex beamforming that are needed to achieve very high speeds

backhaul, cloud and edge computing arrangements to support very low latencies

5G September 2017 Update – Global Market Trials


Source: https://gsacom.com/paper/5g-update-global-market-trials/

Demonstrations, testing, or trialing potential 5G technologies


Chunghwa Taiwan

Far Eastone Taiwan


Spectrum bands

ı Spectrum bands

used by operators and

reported in 5G

demonstrations and trials

where information has

been made available

(base: 56 demos/trials)

Note that some trials

involved more than

one spectrum band.


Sub 6GHz mmWave

~50% ~50%

3.5 – 5.4GHz dominant 28GHzSource: https://gsacom.com/paper/5g-update-global-market-trials/

Network throughput

ı Peak throughput

reported in 5G



been made available



1

5

7

10

11

5

26

6

~50% up to 5Gbps

IMT2020 minimum requirements

• DL 20Gbps (30bps/Hz)

• UL 10Gbps (15bps/Hz)


Latency

ı Latencies reported in 5G



been made available



1

2

8

3

5

4

~85% below 3ms

IMT2020 minimum requirements

• 4ms U-Plane eMBB

• 1ms U-Plane uRLLC


5G Trial at the Olympic Winter Games, 09.-25.02.2018


What to expect from

5G

Introduction

3GPP Timeline and

update

Measurement

Challenges in 5G

Demonstrations,

Tests and Trials

Outline

40


Conclusion

Summary


ı Demand for high data rate requires high bandwidth

(Shannon-Hartley Theorem)

ı Demand for high bandwidth requires to move to mmWave

only at high frequencies we can find enough cont. bandwidth

ı Use of mmWave frequencies lead to high propagation loss

ı To overcome propagation loss requires use of massive MIMO

so we can use beam forming methods

ı Beamforming requires to use of active antenna systems (AAS)

ı AAS lead to over the air testing

Some key 5G challenges – and how to tackle them


Sub-6GHz mmWave: 30-90 GHzcmWave: 10-20 GHz

Coverage

Mobility

Reliability

High Capacity

Massive Throughput

Ultra-Dense

Networks

It’s all about the cables….in 5G mmWave Systems3D Gain Patterns of mmWave UE antenna

No Measurement Cable With Measurement Cable

Antenna couples to all surrounding objects

Conductive measurements introduce large error in RF measurements

High Precision & Low-loss cable

70 GHz: > $1000 USD/meter

10 20 30 40

12

9

6

3

Frequency (GHz)

Inse

rtio

n Lo

ss (

dB/m

)

50 60

Flexible mmWave Cable Losses


How to measure EiRP/etc… for mmWave UEs?

4G: 2.8 GHz UE 5G: 28GHz UE

Sidelobes

Narrow beams with

beam steering/tracking

EVM, ACLR, Spurious Emissions,

… will require 3D OTA measurements

Omni/Uni-directional

Single direction EiRP/EiS


Electromagnetic Fields: Where is the Far-field?

Basestation Antenna Array at 28 GHz

Radiated Near Field Region

Phase & Magnitude

Reactive Near Field Region

Far Field

MagnitudeReactive Near

Field Region

D = 0.5m

Any object in this region becomes part of

antenna system & interferes with the

measurements0.62

𝐷3

𝜆

2𝐷2

𝜆= 46 𝑚= 2𝑚





Phase & Magnitude

Far Field


Field Region

0.62𝐷3

𝜆

2𝐷2

𝜆





Phase & Magnitude

Far Field


Field Region

D

46

DUT

Laptop

R = 16 meters? R = 4.5 meters?

UE

R = 46 meters?

DUT

R

D = 0.3 meters D = 0.15 metersD = 0.5 meters

0.62𝐷3

𝜆

2𝐷2

𝜆

D = Radiating Aperture Size


Far-Field Measurement Systems

Device

Under

Test

3D Rotation of DUT

DUT-MEAS Antenna Separation: R > 2D2/λ

R&S®Signal Analyzer

R&S®Signal Generator

Active Measurements

Passive Measurements

R&S®VNA

Dual-Polarized High-Gain

Antenna

Far Field

Magnitude

Single Measurement point


Near Field to Far Field Transform Steps

3. Far-field: Generated1. Complex Wave: Measurement

E-Field

E-Field

Near field E-field

measurements

over surface

b

a

2. Fourier Transform: Software

Cylindrical Planar Spherical


Phase & Magnitude

How to measure the phase for Massive MIMO

DUT with no test ports?

𝑓𝑥,𝑦 = 𝐴ඵ𝐸𝑥,𝑦𝑒+𝑗𝐤∙𝐫 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦


ATS1000: mmWave ChamberWheel-mounted movable chamber through doors

53

Parameter Value

Frequency range 10 - 90 GHz

Shielding effectiveness >50 dB (over the completer frequency range)

Dimensions Standard 0.85 x 1.0-1.4 x 1.9m (WxDxH)

Absorbers High-quality Emerson absorbers layout

Interfaces Multiple filtered feedthroughs

Weight 150Kg

Door Robust shielded door with electrical open / close function

1.0+ m

0,85 m

1.90 m


Measurement Comparison – Large Chamber vs. ATS1000Peak Gain & TRP

54

WPTC-L Large Chamber: 5.2 x 4.2 x 4 meters

Peak Gain Difference

1.1 dB

TRP Difference

< 0.1 dB

ATS1000 Chamber: 1.9 x 1.0 x 0.85 meters

Horn: 28GHz Horn: 28GHz


To learn more about this…

… please visit

Track B

„Impact of mm-wave range and large bandwidth on RF system design“

by Dr. Feiyu Chen


R&S®NRPM

mmWave

mmWave Beamsteering

R&S Antenna Test Solutions SummaryMassive MIMO

Multiport Testing Production & Benchtop

PWC for Massive MIMO

R&S®ATS1000

CTIA Radiation Patterns

R&S®ZNBT

R&S®SMW200+6x R&S®SGT100

I Phase-coherent RF generationI Multi-port VNA for Active Return Loss

R&S®TS8991

R&S®FSVR&S®NRP

DUT

R&S®NRPM-A66

R&S®SMW200A

R&S®RTO2044

R&S®DST200

R&S®TS7124

R&S®RTO

R&S®FSV/FSP

R&S®ZVC/D

R&S®TS8991 R&S®ZVA/B/C/D

R&S®TS-F24

R&S®TS8991: WPTC

RF Conformance

R&S®ATS1000

R&S®TS7380

R&S®ZVA

R&S®SMW200A

R&S®FSW


What to expect from

5G

Introduction

3GPP Timeline and

update

Measurement

Challenges in 5G

Demonstrations,

Tests and Trials

Outline

60


Conclusion

Summary


5G performance requirements for IMT-2020

ı User plane latency: 4 ms for eMBB

1 ms for uRLLC

ı Connection density: 1 000 000 devices per km²

61

Data rate Downlink Uplink

User experienced

data rate

100Mbps 50Mbps

Peak

data rate

20Gbps 10Gbps

Peak

spectral efficiency

30bps/Hz 15bps/Hz


Source: https://www.itu.int/md/R15-SG05-C-0040/en

Mobile Broadband Trend

62

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Datarate Forecast

DL bps

UL bps


5G enhanced Mobile Broadband - eMBB


“If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together!”

African proverb


5G - 3GPP Standardization, Worldwide Development and Measurement Challenges · Günter Pfeifer...

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Transcript of 5G - 3GPP Standardization, Worldwide Development and Measurement Challenges · Günter Pfeifer...