TEEB Phase 2 Introduction by Patrick ten Brink of IEEP at the EEB Biodiversity Seminar 11 Dec 08
5/9/20151 The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity initiative (TEEB) Patrick ten Brink TEEB for...
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Transcript of 5/9/20151 The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity initiative (TEEB) Patrick ten Brink TEEB for...
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04/21/23 1
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity initiative (TEEB)
Patrick ten BrinkTEEB for Policy Makers Co-ordinator
Head of Brussels Office, Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)
The European Biodiversity Conference:“European Biodiversity: The Private Sector Offer”
Session: The EU Voluntary and Regulatory Framework: What are the Policy Needs for Biodiversity?
European Parliament, Brussels 1 December 2009 - Room P7 C050, Building PHS, 60 Rue Wiertz, 1050
Building on and borrowing from the work & insights of the wider TEEB team and contributors of supporting studies, call for evidence and other contributions
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TEEB’s Genesis and progress
“Potsdam Initiative – Biological Diversity 2010”
1) The economic significance of the global loss of biological diversity
TEEB Interim Report @ CBD COP-9, Bonn, May 2008
Brussels 13 Nov
Stromstad Sept.
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Critical issues
The values of biodiversity and ecosystems are missing
• Many not known (but this is changing); widespread lack of awareness
• They are generally not integrated into the economic signals, into markets – the economy is therefore often not part of the solution
• Values are not taken systematically into account in assessments and decision making
• The value of nature is not reflected in national accounts nor in leading macro economic indicators
Inappropriate incentives; misinterpretation of right solutions, insufficient evidence base at policy makers’ finger tips and weaker public support for action
There is not enough political will or conviction or awareness of benefits/cost to launch due policies
Biodiversity loss continues – eroding natural capital base without realising its value
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2000The Global Loss of Biodiversity
Source: L Braat presentation COP9 Bonn May 2008 on the COPI Study; building on MNP data
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2050The Global Loss of Biodiversity
Source: L Braat presentation COP9 Bonn May 2008 on the COPI Study; building on MNP data
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Global Fish stocks
Half of wild marine fisheries are fully exploited; a further quarter already over-exploited At risk : $ 80-100 billion income from the sector est. 27 million jobs over a billion people rely on fish as their main or sole source of animal protein
Source: adapted from FAO 2005
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TEEB Climate Issues Update - September 2009-
Coral reef emergency
Ecosystem investment for climate adaptation
National accounting for forest carbon
Forest carbon for climate mitigation
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Needs - All colours of CarbonBrown, Green, Blue & Black Carbon
• Need as ambitious commitments as possible -450ppm and 2 degrees already accepting major losses
• REDD+ (suitably designed and implemented to (be able to) take wider set of ecosystem services into account)
• Investment in ecological infrastructure for adaptation (ecosystem based adaptation) & mitigation
• Natural capital accounts – carbon-biomass (but in wider ecosystem service context and process).– Start from existing work on forests/agriculture extend to
other ecosystems.
• SEEA / extended income accounts8
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Value of ecosystem services – climate mitigation, climate
adaptation & many others
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TEEB for Policy Makers report - launched 13 November 2009 -
The Global Biodiversity Crisis
Responding to the value of nature
Available Solutions
Measuring what we manage
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Global Loss of Fisheries… Is there a Solution ?
We are fishing down the food web to ever smaller species…
(Source : Prof. Callum Roberts, University of York)
…. And do reserves work ?
Reserves all over the world show large increases in spawning stocks..
Open Access & Perverse Subsidies drive fisheries losses …
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73% of the United States Haddock catch is now taken within 5km of the closed area boundaries Source: Fogarty et al. (2007)
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Protected Areas (PAs)
Global key facts120,000 PAs, 13.9% land, 5.9% territorial seas, 0.5% high seas Coad et al. 2009
Current expenditure ~ US$ 6.5 to 10 billion/year Gutman and Davidson 2007
Total annual costs of managing the network ~ US$ 14bn James et al 1999 & 2001
Financing gap very real: expenditure ~30% of needs in developing countries Financing needs for 15% land, 30% marine: ~ US$ 45 bn/year Gutman and Davidson 2007
Benefits at a global level far outweigh the costs > factor of 10+ bigger globally
Benefits at local level can be > costs, but not always – depends inter alia on payment for ecosystem services
Finalisation of the networks – notably MPAs
Address financing gap – new funding, new instruments (eg PES)
In EU: use of funding – better integration (EAFRG, LFA, EFRD etc)New Biodiversity fund ?
PAs as constructive motors of local economies
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Subsidy Reform
Establish transparent and comprehensive subsidy inventories
Develop prioritised plans of action for subsidy removal or reform, for implementation in the medium term
1 trillion US$/year spent on subsidies – value for money ?
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The values of nature and economic signals
The values of nature are often invisible in markets, to citizens –
Business/citizens face the “wrong incentives” - that do not reflect that value of nature.
We are running down our natural capital without knowing its value
Full cost recovery – water (WFD), timber, etc
Polluters paying not society – eg pesticide & fertiliser charges, pollution taxes– eg liability and compensation
Rewarding benefits – payments for ecosystem services (PES)• eg carbon & REDD; • eg PES and water for cities; • eg HNV agriculture and public goods• Eg Fair sharing of benefits – access and benefits sharing (ABS)
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Rewarding the respect for nature
Supply side• Support certification / labelling / capacity building • Recognition of standards / equivalence• Development of standards and their use/verification.
• Markets of goods and services building on and “respectful” of nature growing – Medicines/pharmaceuticals; Ecotourism; Biotrade– (Certified) products of low impact – forestry, fisheries, organic etc.
• No longer fringe market sectors. Being mainstreamed.
Increase demand side• Minimum standards in purchase decision• Labelling• Green public procurement (GPP)• Voluntary schemes to green the supply chain
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Regulation
Implement existing legislation and measures - WFD, UWWTD, REACH + Natura: MPAs
• Regulation remains a fundamental tool to avoid damage to biodiversity– Requirements for WWT, WM, APC etc – ELVs, EQS, BAT, product standards, product rules (PIC), trade rules– Requirements for EIA, SEA, IA– Habitats and Birds directives
• Its timely implementation and enforcement critical
New legislation? - eg for invasive alien species?
Implement better – eg EIA, SEA & no-net-loss provisions
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Instruments and measures Contributions to natural capital
Past loss/ degradation
Predicted future loss of natural capital (schematic) – with no additional policy action
2009 2050
Halting biodiversity loss
Opportunities/benefits of ESS
Investment in natural capital +ve change
Alternative natural capital
Development path
Regulation
PAs
Restoration
Investment in natural capital: green infrastructure
Economic signals :
PES, REDD, ABS (to reward benefits)
Charges, taxes, fines (to avoid degradation/damage: Subsidy reform (right signals for policy)
Better governance
`
Sustainable consumption (eg reduced meat) Markets, certification/logos & GPP
Agricultural innovation
No net loss from 2009 level
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04/21/23 19
Thank you
`
Where do you see particular policy needs?
Where and how can the private sector help address the challenges?
For full TEEB for Policy Makers report – see TEEB website
http://www.teebweb.org/
Patrick ten Brink, [email protected]
IEEP is an independent, not-for-profit institute dedicated to the analysis, understanding and promotion of policies for a sustainable environment in Europe
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04/21/23 20
Annex
`
IEEP is an independent, not-for-profit institute dedicated to the analysis, understanding and promotion of policies for a sustainable environment in Europe
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TEEB – Final Report June 2010
TEEB D4: TEEB for Citizens
TEEB D3: TEEB for Business
TEEB D2: TEEB for Local Policy-Makers and Administrators
TEEB D1: TEEB for National and International Policy-Makers
TEEB D0: Ecological and Economic Foundations
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TEEB D1: TEEB for National and International Policy-Makers - Structure
Part I The need for action
Chapter 1 The global biodiversity crisis and related policy challenge
Chapter 2 Framework and guiding principles for the policy response
Part II Measuring what we manage: information tools for decision-makers
Chapter 3 Strengthening indicators and accounting systems for natural capital
Chapter 4 Integrating ecosystem and biodiversity values into policy assessment
Part III Available solutions: instruments for better stewardship of natural capital
Chapter 5 Rewarding benefits through payments and markets
Chapter 6 Reforming subsidies
Chapter 7 Addressing losses through regulation and pricing
Chapter 8 Recognising the value of protected areas
Chapter 9 Investing in ecological infrastructure
Part IV The road ahead
Chapter 10 Responding to the value of nature
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TEEB timeline
2008 2009 2010
TEEB Phase I TEEB Phase II
May 08 Interim report(CBD COP9, Bonn)
Final TEEB synthesis & publicationsCBD COP10(Oct 2010, Nagoya, Japan)
Sep 09 TEEB Climate Issues
Update (Strömstad)
Nov 09 D1 for policy
makers
Spring / Summer 2010 D0, D2, D3 &
D4