58850125 Elements of Research Proposal

8/13/2019 58850125 Elements of Research Proposal

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ELEMENTS OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL OR REPORT

What is the purpose of research proposal ?

(Fraenkel , Wallen ,1990) A research proposalcommunicates the attentions of the researcher the

purpose of his or her intended study and its and its importance , together with a step y step plan for

conducting the study! "n a proposal or report the problesare identified , !uestionsor h"potheses

are stated, #ariable are identify and tersare defined! #esides that it also includes su$ects of

saple, instruent$s%to e used , the research &esi'n,proce&ureactions and &ata anal"sis( "t is

all spelled out in detail! "t also will includes partial of pre%ious related re#ie) of research to allow

the interest of others to e%aluate the worth of a proposed study and to make suggestion for

impro%ement! "n a simple word a proposal is a written plan of a study.

&he differences of research proposal and research report '

$ Fraen*el+ Wallen ,--.%+ A research report follows much the same format as a proposal , with two

main differences (1) it states what )as &onerather than what will e done! () it includes the actual

resultsof the study along with the &iscussionof them!


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Adapted from * +ow to esign and -%aluate .esearch in -ducation/ y Fraenkel Wallen ( 1990)

Or'ani/ation of a Research Report

0( 0ntro&uctor" Section

A! &itle age

#! &ale of 2ontents

2! 3ist of Figures

! 3ist of &ales

00( Main 1o&"

A( Proble to be in#esti'ate&$ CHAPTER ONE %

1! urpose of the study ( including the assumptions )

! 4ustification of the study

5! .esearch 6uestions and hypotheses

7! efinition of terms

1( 1ac*'roun& an& re#ie) of relate& literature$ CHAPTER TWO%

1! &heory ( if appropriate)

! 8tudies directly related

5! 8tudies tangentially related

C( Proce&ures 2 Research Metho&olo'"$ CHAPTER THREE%

1! escription of research design

! escription of sample

5! escription of instrument(s) used (including scoring procedures)

7! -planation of the procedures followed ( the what , when , where , and how of the study)

:! iscussion of the internal %alidity

;! escription and $ustification of the statistical techni6ues or other methods of analysis used!


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3( Fin&in's(CHAPTER FO4R%

1! escription of findings pertinent to each of the research hypotheses or 6uestions

E( Suar" an& Conclusions$ CHAPTER F05E%

1! #rief summary of the research 6uestion eing in%estigated, the procedures employed ,

and the result otained!

! iscussion of the implications of the findings their meaning and significance

5! 8uggestion for further research

000(References $1iblio'raph"%

05( Appen&i6es


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The Ma7or sections of a Research Proposal or Report

CHAPTER ONE

Problem to be investigate would address four topics such as (1)the purposeof the study ,() the

7ustificationof the study, (5) the research !uestions an& 2 or h"potheses,including the %ariales , (7)

the &efinition of ters!

Purpose of the study

&his section states the researcher proposes to in%estigate! "t is a concise statement pro%iding the

framework for further additional details!

An eample of statement of purpose as follows work that come close to

the researcher>s hypotheses or focus of the studies! "n this chapter the researcher is trying her or his

est to show that he or she is familiar with the ma$or trend s in pre%ious research and opinion on the

topic and understand their rele%ance to the research eing planned! &his literature re%iew chapter will

consists of theoretical conception ,directly related studies , and other studies which will pro%ide

additional or wider perspecti%es on the research 6uestions! "t is also ad%isale to indicate the rele%ance

or implications of the referred literature on the planned study which going to e proceeded!

CHAPTER THREE

Procedure " Research #ethodology

"n this chapter , the sections which are going to e discussed are as follows?


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$ample

"n this section the researcher should indicate in considerale detail on how he or she will otain the

su$ects for the sample to e used in the study !(Fraenkel, Wallen ,1990) At all possile , random

sample can e used ! "f a con%enient sample to e used , rele%ant demographics (gender, ethnicity ,

occupation , " and so on ) of the sample should e descrie! 3astly , the legitimate population from

which the result of study maye generali@ed should e indicate! "n other words , this section will

pro%ides a detailed description of the sample to e in%estigated in the proposed study or to define the

population from which the sample will e drawn


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Validity-is concerned with the etent to which an instrument measures what it purports to measure

what it claims to measure!Reliability - is concerned with the consistency with the consistency with

which an instrument measures what it measure!

Treatment

&he &reatment section pro%ides full description of the eperimental treatment that will e used in the

proposed study specifies the procedures that will used in administering the treatment! &his section

makes it clear that the treatment will e reflecti%e of the independent %ariale(s) , and the treatment

and the *non treatment/ will e eecuted in the manner that is consistent with that prescried! &his

section pro%ides a description of the procedures that will e used in order to ensure * treatment

fidelity/! &reatment fidelity is the etent to which the treatment conditions , as implemented , conform

to the specification set forth in that section of the research plan research proposal!

Data &ollection Procedures

&he ata 2ollection rocedures section of the chapter pro%ides a highly detailed description of the

procedures that will e used to collect the data needed y the study! &he data collection procedures

section usually presents a chronological narrati%e detailing each of the steps that are to e the

necessary data! &his section also pro%ides a description of the procedures that will e used to analy@ed

the data that will e collected!


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!imitation

"n the limitation section , it descries the limitations of the study , it descries those aspect s of the

study that may limit the %alidity and C or generali@e the aility of the finding s for study! "t also

will eplain and acknowledges the study flaws!

Chapter Four and Five -are the sections which are unique to ResearchReport

CHAPTER FO4R

Result " 'inding

( Fraenkel , Wallen 1990)&he findings of the study constitute the results of the researcher>s analysis of

his or her data that is, what the collected data re%eal! For eample , in a comparison group studies ,

the means and standard de%iation for each group on the post test measure(s) usually are reported! "n

comparison


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CHAPTER F05E

Discussion

(Fraenkel, Wallen 1990) , the discussion section of a report present s the author>s interpretation of

what the result s imply for the theory and C or practice! "n this section , the researcher will place their

results in a roader contet! +ere the researcher will recapitulate any difficulties that were encountered

, make note of the limitations of the study , and suggest further , related studies that might e done! A

good discussion section will typically g o consideraly eyond the data in attempting to place the

findings in a roader perspecti%es


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REFERENCES

Ab&el 1aset 0( M( Hasouneh $ 8..9%( Research Metho&olo'"( Sublie Publication( :aipur(

Fraen*al+ :ac*+ $,-98%( Ho) to 3esi'n an& E#aluate Research in E&ucation+ Mc;ra)< Hill

Hi'her E&ucation

=aaru&&in N'ah+ Rosli M& A*hir $,--.%( =ea&ah Pen"eli&i*an> Pan&uan Mu&ah =er7a

Luar( Fa7ar 1a*ti S&n( 1h&( Petalin' :a"a(

=uar+ R $,---% Research Metho&olo'" A Step< b" step ;ui&e For 1e'inners+ A&&ison

Wesle" Lon'an Australia Pt" Liite& Australia(


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58850125 Elements of Research Proposal

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