571 Book Rust Busters1
Transcript of 571 Book Rust Busters1
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
1/231
8/6/20L0
Module
o
Class
Administration
Introduction
o
cicdulc
.
Classstartsat:
=-
Ends
at
. Brcaks: z\boutevery | - %hour
.
l.unch
One hour
-
Break
at
[,vening essionsre
available
f
you
want.
Rcatroom
\bur
kcyr to clrrr
succcsr:
.
Ask
Questions
We
arc hcre
o
leam
o
Participatc n thc discussion-
Share
our
stcies
.
Refrain
frun
profanity
.
fiach niSht review ccncepB
oovered n chss
o
'frcat
uhcrs
right...inchding
thc
"Chump"
.
llave fun
Thc Run 8urtcfl
Module
o Introduction
| . ,ffA{-S
o
ay
r: Intnxluction
.
lte API
5Zr
Tert Or,ewrfl
. Rctrncry Mstdirlr of Connnrction
.
thtigrc'
Strc corrcion
CrEhiry
(SCt)
& HydroFtr
l\y
r: Rwiov
Malulec e,3
t ith TemprrtuE
Corrosioa
.
RrfincryOperrtioru lol
Dry
I
Hil.h
Temp.r.ture
(bmion
(ootinutd)
r
C*mnl
Drmagc Mccluninru
-
All loAEtri.
.
Refineryopcrationrtor
Dry
+
lJnifr)m or lnslizal
krss of Thic&n'la
.
(lencral
Damatc [techrnilDr
-
nrfning
Indlrtry
.
R.cfincry
)pcntionr ror
D.y
S
Puttint it All ToSetler
-
Prmesr
Unitr
Reriew of aI Modulei
Dry 6: TL|stPreporsti'otr
'fest
TheRurt Busterr
Modulco
Moddc
I
Mdlub l
Mddco
MqtuL
4
Modulc
Moduh4
Dlodub
s
Moduh 8
Mfllulc
6
Mqlul
7
Modui.
S
Modul
8
MotIuIe
9
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
2/231
8/6l20L
Module r
-
The API
57r
Test
Overrriew
lnlroductior
o What o bring lbr the API tcst - llring sweral perrcils, ndyour brain. lhis is an cntirely
closedkxrk
tcst, and herc
are
no cnlculations hat require
a
calculator.
.
What o expect By my Estimates, bout 75% of thc
questions
cquie
deductivc
rcasonint.
Ihe other 2595otthe
questions
re strsight out ofthe API 571 document.
.
I ow to
preparc.
Pa.ssinghc test requiresa
basic
knowlalge ot:
o
Mctalhrgt
o Thcoccbnicrofcortocimmechaoim
o
Corrmioo mcchmisos spccific
to vrrious
uniti,
.
ltis class
WILL
NOT teach
you
the est"but it will adequately
rcpare ou
tor it.
We will
cover
hese
hree
areas n
class.
o
Rcading he
c"ntire
PI J7l
is not sunething wc will have ime to
do
in
class.
-that
will
bc
yur
respnnsibility.
.
Most of
this material
y
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
3/231
8/6/20LO
Module z
-
Refinery Materials
of Const:uction
o
rrt
t
I troduii[
I Slc6l
2
(liulm
stccl
I
C'agl m
{
C
Mo
Stcl
I
('r-Mo
Stal3
6 Killd
stccl
7
Startrleq StRlt
Prn l l
t.
Ho
Slel aDd Crl
lm
i]bfli:
9.
:itrcrs
Rcliaing.
l0 Areding
and mlzng
| |
lHrydrcgmtio.
Prrt lll
-
()cnl
Corrclor
Tlpr
Prri lV
-
(;lcrrt
of
'fcrrr
'nr
Rurt
8u t6r
Module z
-
Refinery
Materials
of
Constmction
o
ntroductior
.
:itcl
is a matcrial comptncd
primarily
of iroo. Most slccl conlsins
morp
lhan
(X)o/o
iron. Many
lypcs of cartxm stecl
(CS)
contain more lhan 9'9cloron.
-
,l \
stccl-lrn+cata \i"t
,
&
o
All typcg f stcclcontain sccond
lcmant
carhrn. Manyothcralloying
elcmenB re uscd n
moslstccl,but ron Nnd
arb
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
4/231
Module z
-
Refinery Materials
of Construction
o
hrton
F,quivalcnt
(CE)
of
a
stoel alloy refers to mtthod of
mtasuring the wddrbt[ty
of the alloy, boscdon the chemical ctmp
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
5/231
8/6/20tO
Module z
-
Refinery
Materials of Construction
Mctals and thcir alloys also must bc selcctcd 1'or hcir t-abrication apobilitics,
rncluding:
Weldability
-
Ftr casc ofjoining
and alloy
ovcrlaying
Formablc
-
Drrwing, bending,
upscnin& and
rulling
Caslable - lix maling complex shapcs.
Machinablc
-
(lutling
shcaring
and
grinding
I
eat treatablc
*
Pcrmits changc
of
mcchanrcd
proprtica.
Thc
Rutt Btstdr
('rrbor
Stccl
,llloy
Stccl
)
l,css cxpengivc
)
Fcweralloys
Fcwcr spccial
propcrrics
>
Mora
expensivc
>
Morc alloys
>
Spccial
propcrtics
Module z
-
Refinery Materials
of Construction
o
Stccl
-
is a
gcncral
term ussl for iron-based
alloys containing inm, cartxn and ohcr alloying
clcrncnts. Ilrc
carboncontcntof mort rcfincry stccls s betrwcn0.03% o 0.3O% to Bssur uctiliry andwcldability.
(lrrbor
stccl
-
Sincecarbonstccl
CS)
is
typic8lly
welded,
he carboncontcntmust
bc
reluivety low,
bctru:cn
0. i%
ald 0.35 %.
(lut
lror
-
lron
(
Fc) ac{ounB tbr
nrcrc
thrn 957c of thc alloy mat rid, whilc
thc main alloying elorrcnts
are
carbon(C)andsilicon(Si). hcamounlofcarbonincastironsisl.l-4eh.
Clstrronstcndtobcbrinlc.
With its
low
melting
point, gmd
tluidity, castability, xccllcat
mrchinabrlity
ard uar
resistancc, art ronr
haw bccomca
cngrnctnng
malcrralwith
a
wi&
rangeof applicatiom.
C'-MoSlccl-Thisisoldtehoologr. Inthepost,itwasbclievedtharC-l2Mosteclhedbnerresistrncc
than carbon steel to hrgh-temperaturehydroget anack ard
was
otlen specified in hot FI2
(hydrogen)
scrvice.
llor,r,tvcr,
tlrc
ltmg-term exposurc rnhigh ternpcrature H2 scrvicc is
now
qucstiomblc.
C-Mo stcclg,cxhibit improvcr high-tcmpcraturc lrcngthand crecp csistancc vcr
carbonstccl, capocially
t
temperatuGt
bctwcn
00
-
100
F.
flowever,
molyMcnum aridition
provides
NO
signrticant ncrcalc
n
corm3ron resislancover carbon slecls.
'It
Rurt lutter'
8
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
6/231
Module
z
-
Refrnery Materials
of Constmction
provrdca strst4llory.lnctrlity antl rcrlurcql hc hkclih
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
7/231
8/6/2OLO
Module z
-
Refrnery
Materials of Constmction
Killcd stccl
O
I'hir ir
"clem
stlrl- with minimd wrdr ud incluionr. KilH stccl is
F(drrcd
whib
rh. moltcn stcel r st ill in thc
lirmre Jurl fru to bcint poucd into a mold. A dcoxidizing atnl ir illdd to rcmovcgr.scB,rrh ar c.abondioridc
as t ir
b.ing
pourcd
nto thc moH. Ihc rcgljt
of
killcd stccl .
prcdrr,.l
hat hs
morc rnrl'orm chcmical
sontrxitioo
and
propdrisr.
()m
imprtafi result g thc krllod stcel her
grcalcr
uil'miry m mgarxp
to
corrsiw rttek.
flr
dcorrdizing agmt
would rcult
rn
quienng
lbc
powing
opcratron.
'ftp
nrch would likc
quicily
in thc
mold,
hcmc,
rhc em KILLED
STF-EL.
Bcocfitr:
l. Minmal
voidr
arxl
irrclusiom,
ard
2. Mfi?
M6ivc
rcslstut.
Thc Rurl burtd
Module z
-
Refrnery
Materials of
.
Dwint dr stccl mrking
proccq
oxytd nry
bccans
rli*r$rcd
in tho iquit
racol,
Drrbg solidifrc*ioo. dro
dirrolval
orygcn
ca cqnbir
witi
cu&n to ftm czbrn mxi& bubbhs.
fnc
cr$oo
ir
addEd o tlrc cccl
aa
m alloying clcrrd.
Ibc
cahr
oomri& hrbblcs arc oftco rrycd in dta caltir4
and
cstr
aci ar initi|lioo
pulr
fr teilw.
Hc
Xilltd Srcb rrt Prodrcd ud Ttcir Acvrrtryor
r
Ftmtim of tlrc csrbonmxidc bubblcrcao
bc
climindcd
tlrmgh thc additim of danidising Egcnt $Eh
er
rlnniriur rrd rilku.
ln
thc crsc of alurunium,
thc
disrohrcd
oxyt. ru6i
with it
to
form
aluinium ori&
{Alumina
Al:O ).
It
fmutrm
of alumur mt only
prwcntr
thc
lbrmrtion
of
bubblcr u
prxolty,
hrt Sc tiny
partrclcr
or inclwions also
pin
graro
bflDdsric
&nnB
hcrl
[cabncrn
ptrcsrcr, prevalug gratn
gtow6.
o
Alminum b a bctLr
gran
rcfining
clcrmnt
han silicon
(it
mal(er
ighEr/smdlrf
gratm).
Hor lilhd h tinGd ??
.
TlErc arevriationr uf thc
pnxess,
wbich
ar tenndscmi-killcd
gcel,
rimmedsteeland cuppedsccl. Thcsc
lariantt
nay rchicrc
mly
p{rtrsl
{tr
noc
d all)
rcrultr of firlly tillcd
slccl .
10
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
8/231
8/6/2070
Module
z
-
Refinery Materials of Constnrction
Str|llcs Slccb
-
l'hrs rs an
alloy
wrth
flt
lcrrt l l.5% Cr.
fhcre
ar*
MANY drllbrrnt
gradcs
ol
SS.
l hcre arc lbur categoriesof SS that are charartcnzcd by their rnaallurgicsl Btructureat flx)m tcmpcrsturr:
.
Auslenrtrc
.
lerrlttc
.
Mdrfisltic,
an{l
.
Duplex.
\urrcnitic
thrs s hc
.F
.{
.f'
*1
.+aI
,ft-1
nor
magncric.
l'errtrc
-
Founrln '"rt.-,1'i1un-o,-;**doo**.*$,rr*lornufu4;*mpu
are {)5. )e.
{10.
42.
und ;16.
Mrrtcesitk
*
A melc{rsrtr
ste-turE
tirund rn
srrnc
,lO0
series SS. llat
trErhnl anrVor uclding
tbllorrrcd
b1'
aprd
curlrng
can
pnxluce
his
gtnroture
n carbonard lor alloy stccb.
Exampb3
arc
410.
{10S,
itl6,
't2O,
{.10A.
140 tJ, and.l40C.
l)upla
-
A t'amrly of SS
thsf {jt'nlrin
r
mixcd luslrnitic-ttfiitic slructurE. Comnon
typca ar. ?2O5,23o4
&.
2507.
'fhc
wcldr ol'l0O sricsSS may also cxhibrt a duplcx $lrul'turc.
-fhc
nut burt6
Module
z
-
Refrnery
Materials
of
Consbmction
Tr? %c
%Cr
%Ni %Mo
304
(Austenitic)
o.o8 Mex
18-2() 8-
rz Max
304L
(Austenitic)
o.o3 Max
18-eo 8-
rz Max
316
o.oBMax
r6
r8
to-14
2-3
4o5
(Ferritic)
.o8 Max
11.5 r4.5 o.5
Max
4r o
(Martensitic)
o.15 MaJ(
r1.5 t3.5
416
(Martensitic)
o.l5 Mil)(
L2-14
Duplex
o.o3 Max
18-eo
3-7
l -3
1
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
9/231
Module
e
-
Refinery Materials
of Constnrction
o
Prra l
llor Slccl rnd
(-zrt
lmr
Dillcr
ll
rs tmponarn
o understanl the rlillbrcncc
bctwen
slel and
casl
rron.
Whm
stcel
s
prtxJucal.
he carbondrssolves n thc irtn-
Eventually,
s
)ou
adl
cnougltcarbon, hc irm canmrtdrssolvcall
ol'rt
and sonE ol'thc
carbm
precrprtalas
ul.
Stecl s inn wilh
th. cartm in silutroq
which tr,curs
below I 6 -
2%. Carl
iron
is rrsr i n which
scrrc of
thc
carboo
has
prucrprtatal
mt and appcan ai llrk6
(x
liulc sptrcr6. TlE
cllirts of thc
precrprtatcd
catnn are
both
good
and bed.
fhc
gtxtd
-
f'ttc
llslca
providc
a cushioorng ell'er,r br
irtn
when ,t recarvql high comprelsion lo.&.
n.
Dod I}|e tlalcs
makc thc
(nalrirl
m
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
10/231
Module
z
-
Refinery Materials
of Constr-uction
ol*--
emdh3rd mujizinjcan b{h bc dclirsl ar hcating nErd lbovc a cnt&d tcrnpcrsnn and slnrty curliog
rn rrdcr to obraro mllcr rutcnal. Jrd ac a t'Bct
nsh
puircr
a
herd
nrl
skp
c(x)ling
pwc*rcr pnrda
r
rulla
ul
w,xc dwtih
pdt.
Amli4ir
a crntrulbd
ctrling
prwg
thr
involvcr
hcuing a marl arl than slowly rcduing thc mling
tcmpcrarurc to anain a hi3
rlagrcc of rthcrr. lt i cffiilnooly m a trvcn of funre.
In
an'Edrng dE mdrl is
6rg hcrtcd rbryvc thc tsrycr tralsfrrmaioa tcmpcrrturr Nrd lc0 lo so* d frr
tmpcranr fir
a
pcnod
of tnrc. llrcn tlr tmpcmhrc
is
slowiy knercd to cu{
thc nrdd.
Nanrlbiry
-
lhis involrrs a m(rc
rapd
cmlrng
pacss
tho
aunling.
Thc Rurt
Buttcrt
D
Slow
c'rxrling
pu;css
)
Soltcns and
urcatcru mctd
>
('awcaducrility
> Reducg intrrnal strJse3
)
Rapidcrnlint
procat
)
Har&nsandstrcn$hcnsmc[l
D
Causcsbnttlclx
>
Caucainlernrlstrcass
D
Increag
chanccs
of
crackine and dirrdion
816/2Ot
Module z
-
Refinery Materialc
of Construction
o
t:ffect of Grain Sizp - Grain sie hrs profoundelfcct m thc strcngttl har&rcasbrinlenessmd
ductilityof
ms{all
ALE
(take
it easy)
.fhe
Ruqt 8ut6
Pnccl
Mtttod
GnirSirc
Rr3Lil|lccto
Frrta.c
Anrcottng
Slowcooling
poces
L"te"
Grain Sizc
Easy
to tcar,
kcal ,r
tirr'turc.
Normoltda
This
involv
a morc
raprd unling
proces
thanannealing
Sfiull Grain
SizD
Highcr esisunr to
tiacture.
Qucncung
Rapid cooling
proocss
13
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
11/231
8/6/2010
Module
z
-
General
Corrosion fips
o}---
Test Your
Knowledge
Ttre
Rust 8u'tffs
Module z
-
Refinery Materials
of Constmction
i4{^'+
Dchydrogcnrtiotr
-
(llake
Out)
-
Outgassing
llcat frcamc'|t is rxxmally
applicd to stecls
prirr
to rcpair welding
of refinery cquipmcnt
crp
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
12/231
Module z
-
General Corrosion
fips
Prrt lll
Wcrvs.
Dry
rxmxion
'Ihc
prsivc
hycr
Facton which
cfti:c1
wei
cor
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
13/231
8/6/2OrO
q
Module
a
-
General
Comosion
Tips
Damageo the Passive ayer
When
the
passive
aycr is
dissohrcd or
disnrptcd
at a
given point
a
very
active antxlic site
ie set
up
which catrsB ctlerated cormsion.
Reduction
of lonr
or oxlgcn Metd
lonr
Fe++
\/
\ /
I C-rthode- /
-^-^L-,
ethodet
/
--+cathode
^i}o*=-
Anode
'***
tr'{fi
ffi'o""
Module z
-
General Conosion
Tips
GalvanicCorrosion
The
rate
of corrosion esulting rom
galvanic
action
dependson - the
relatiae
eqtosed
urea:s
of the
ttuo meto,ls in
contoet
If there s
a
large atio
of anode o cathode re4 the crthodc will effectively
be
protec'ted
nd
may not
corrodcat all However
a small rnodc arcawhen coupled
with a largecethodc areawill corrode apidty. ,ri(.ffil
'lleRstBwt6
c"ttt"dffi----,ni*o
fr,c"tn"a"
16
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
14/231
8l6lzoLo
fVfodtrt.
z
-
General
Corrosion
Tips
llighFlowVelocidecCanBrodcPa.ssivel,ayerrandAccrclerateCorro .|on
U"aU"
z
-
General
Conosion
TiPs
A'
Ttris faPh illustrate" q" t'?igtl corrosion rate of
fresh
metal.
a
B
'thc
Ruli
Butert
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
15/231
8/6/2010
1
Module z
-
General
Corrosion
Tips
Primary Factors Which Effect Wet Comosion Rates
.pH
r
Concentradon of Dlcoolved ionic epeciec
(cdtr,
grscc)
.
Tempcrature
.
Presaure
.
Velocity of the flutd
T} c
Rut Eut"n
---l
I
Module z
-
General Corrosion Tips
Efitct of Orygen C-onentration
& Tempcrature on Cotrocion
f,nb
of C-anton Stcd ln Tap Water
lo .
a
o
I
A
lo
?o.
I
E
;o
c
o
o
5o
a5 a
FnortF
ThcRutBut6
18
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
16/231
Module e
-
General Corrosion
Tips
('curl
TYDi
ha6tnlds aTlu{ru.lrF
Cmcfing along thc
Bmin
bomdaria ir calkrd intcrg'mrlr frfrkins. Th* crelt E wlly miatcd
with
rcIte ard
rc
tgically in tha hu
rutd at
th rcld'r llesl Aftc'rcd Zo.r
(
HAA.
JA
rds-
.
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
17/231
8/6/?OLO
Module
z
-
General Corrosion
Tips
General
Refinery
flow.
)*"
-
:&,..1
I
Module
z
-
General
Corrosion
TiPs
0
.-1
A
{ ' "s
OF-.o.
Iv-\
l1
..,__*r*
1r.,1
.-:-rc
ffi
{4
-
J'-a:,
-rJ
a/1
n"ar*t**
20
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
18/231
816l2O
Module
z
-
General Corrosion
Tips
----o
'/''
FCCU
Cat UnitYields
Yteld %
Coke
8.o
Butane&
lighter
35.o
Gasoline
55.o
Kerpsene
l2.o
Diesel Lo
Fuel Oil L2.o
Module s
-
General
--o
Corrosion
fips
SectionV - Glossaryf terms
2
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
19/231
816/2OrO
\
Module
s
-
Gneral Corrosion
Tips
Glocca.ry
of terms
'{lloy
stcel
-
Ordinary Carbon steel to which has bccn added allo/int elment', such us chmmium,
nluktrl,
ctf-
.{nncrllng
-
A
genric
term denoting a treatmnt consistint of hr:ating
to
and holding
at a suitsble
temperatuFe,
ollorvedby
crnling
at a suitable ate, uccd
primarily
to
soften metsllic materials, but
al6o
to
simultaneowly
producg
deeired
changee
n other
propertier
or in micrGtnrlture.
'l-he
purposc
of
suh
changer may bc, but
is
not mnfined to: imprsvem"nt of machinability,
facilitation
of cold
wort,
impmrement
of mcl;hanil or electrical
pmpcrtieg,
and/or
incn
asc
in
stability of
dimcnsionc.
.{urtcnldc
-
A
term
applied to t}rat @ndition of imn
assaiated
with
a
change
n
cryrtd
silructure,
that aleo maktr it non-magntic, fhis ours
with
ordirury
imn
at an
elewted temperatu. Wlrcn
sulficient
chmmium
and nickel
ar"
pledent,
iron
be(oms audenitic
at atmapheric tcmprstuE.
'Ihir
ie
hc cac
with
thc many
rtainlcer stccle that
contain about
r8l chromium
and
8% or morc
nickcl.
Brclcftll - Materisl
placrd
in a drilled hole to fill
space
around
anoder,
vent
pipe,
and buried
romponentr o{
a cathodic
prute.tion
s}atem.
B.tnlb
-
A agtrr8rtc of frrrite and cemcntitc resulting from
the
transformrtion
of auatenitc at
temperaturee
below the
pearlitc
ranse
but abo,c the
martensite strrt temp.rstun,
Beinite formed
in
the upper
pan
of thc bainitc
transfodDation range has a feathery appr:rrarrr; bainite
formed in
thc
lowe,r
psrt
of the range har an *icrlar appesrancc resembling that of temperad
msrtensitc. Thir ir
one of soreral
paeiblc
mirro*nrcturcr ohaioed byttr aandormction
of austenite on urling
(norrnslly
astaisted
with
Cg and
low
alloy rtecb).
The Rst ButeF
Module z
-
General Corrosion
fips
Gloccary of terrru
.
BcaA mrtr
-
Mqffipic
pryEEion
marlr
on
a [rtigu
ftrtw
6 ctw'.{:troio
lrukirB lurfa tlEt iry.li.rtr
suauriw
poritioru
of tlrc rdnncing
srck hdrt. Tb clsric
app.enrE
ir of Inqulrr elliptical or unidliptical riryp"
mdiating outwrd from onc o morc origiil. Bceh mrt6
(ako
lnm
u clarohdl
marts d arElt Esrk ) N
typically
found m sdie frraw
whm
ih.
part
is
loelcd mdomly, intcrnitteotly,
d
with periqlic
wiationt in mcan rtrera
or altmatlnS *u
.
Blo.
brldslra
-
Brittlod ahibitRl by mc nftk sftu beir8
hdtcd to a temDcntul
wlthin
tha mntc
of about
26 to
3pC 4m
to
fmn,
particuledy
if
the rtal
ir
mrlcd
at thc el,6nlcd
topdanE.
.
Britdcltstur
-
Sepsrationo arc[daccmprniedbylitrlcornomxltropicplasticilcfmtio-
T\'trelv,
lrrittle fractw
(ruby
npidmcl
pmpaplimwithlsspqditwof
cmrEr than htdxtihftrnm
.
Crrildr
-
A
compound of
carbql
with
oc
q
mm mctallic elcmtr, ruh u
ircIr' e.htwim or tutttd
.
Certon Stel
-
stel that doer
not
sntain ritnillfft amut
of alloyint
clcmnts
{)ther
tha carton.
.
cutuddn
-
Thc
uborption
ol carbon rtoro
by
a metal at hith
temFnturEs; it roy re@b dislwtl or fom
rutd carbida
.rbrcrprion
and difirsim ol carbm
into
rcUd hru
dloF bt'
hatin .
to a
hith
tmpentw
itr
mntacl with a
nitabh erbcrmur
mt6ial. A f(]m of 6c hardaiq
that
product
t 6rton
trtdiet
dtdlinS
inward ftom
thc
surfc,
emblng
the rufrc latu to bc hanlcncd eitha by
qmchingdictly
ftom thc cartuizin3
temlxntw G by @ling to m
tupcatw tlEa
E
autoitidry ard
qwu:hiry.
.
Crrtulatlon - The abcorption of carboD
nto
a
rutd srfacci
ey or uy rct be dsinblc
.
The Rut Bsten
o
22
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
20/231
Module z
-
General
Corrosion
Tips
Glocgarr of termc
Carc hardening - A generic term cxrveringsweral proceseesapplicable to steel that
changc
he
chemical composition
of
the
surface ayer n' absorption of carbon,
nitmgen,
or a mixture of the wn an4
by diftrsion, createa concentration
gradient,
The outer
portion,
or c:I.se,s made
suhstantial ty harder than the inner
portion,
or core. The
pn)cesses
ornmonly
used are carburizing and
quench
hardening; cyaniding:
nitrifring;
and
tarbonitridiry.
'fhc
usc
of
the applicable
specific
pro
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
21/231
816l2OrO
Module
z
-
General Corrosion Tips
I
I
I
-l
l
I
Gloeeery
of
terrng
Qi
flrd metd
-
A trmpcitc metal ontainiry t*o rr
more
laycc thrt hsrc
bcn bordcd ttrgsthcr.
"Ihe
bonding mry hne
bccn accompliehed by
rn-rolliry er:rtrusion,
wdding, diftreion
bondiry
curting, heavychcmiel depoeition, or heny electroplating .
Cold worlln;
-
Deforming
metal
plostically
under conditions of tempemtw
and strain that
induE
strain hardening. Usually, hut
not nessirib,
cpndu(ted
t r@m temperatum.
Contrast
with
hot working
Concsrtnddt
ccll
-
An cledmlytic r.rll, the elcrtmmdive force rrf
which
b caurcd by
u
diffetencr
in
(Dnoentration
of romc urmporcnt in thc electmlytc.
'Ihir
diffarmcc
lca&
to
the
formation
d
diecrte
cathode and anodc
regionr.
Conoclon-eroclon
-
Corroeion
which
is incruosed
h$ugc
of
the
sbrasile action of
a moning
strrrm; thc
prcecncc
of arrpended
particlec grretly
accclcratcs abrasiw sction. Sce enrcion-rprroeion.
Conoclon hdguc
-
The
procre
in
which
a
melal fratula
prrnsturely
undcrconditionr
of
simultaru:our r:orroaion and repetted
cydic
loodint
8t lorwr $ret8 lwdr rr fercr cydce tlun wurld
be
nquired in thc abcern
of the corraiw envimn ncnt
-fhe
Rut But6
Module z
-
General
Corrosion Tips
Gloccery
of
terrnt
...-r- r.".- t r*
".
t
"-***
".9;
-,
*t * *, o.r" *.
"r*J";;
yclct tr hrulb of dm in r
dH
miE dvimmL Se mio fati|u rtruttth
.
llE
Rut DutcF
('otndm ffitu drmffh - The muimu npelted ltrcs thrt cu he endursl brya metal withNt failw sdet
'
ell nitc onlidoro of comiiron aal fatigu
aml
fior spsiflc
nub6 of stns c?cls drid a sp*iEal
perict
of time
.
Cndna
-
A neiwl of s&clr appearing on tl|e surhc.
.
(
G.D
-
Tlm{qpcillnt 6ain
wrrirg uuhr mr.
'l}c
crcp stnin oc+rrw rt r
,tisini(hirB
ntt ic sallal
pnury
(EI,;
urtt
Mnt
rt
I
llltmu
ffil dmn mrutmt 6t , scondsrt
(Ep;
rDd
that ffiint et m
erdmunS mt ' tqtruy s p.
.
oallov|||
-
SehctlE
omdm o( ot c |rlft cumDonotr
d | $lid mlutim elby,
urudlv in
thc fm d im
Sc
rlo daruburir:doo, deobelrificzud dad.Hitu-ti(il,lrimi[etloo,
ard
gephift
mi
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
22/231
Module z
-
General Corrosion
fips
Gloecera of terrns
O)-
Ernbrltdcrncnt
-
LocEof
l@d
carrying
czpsciB
of
a
metal or alloy.
'Ite
rwerc
loer
of dutility
rx
bughrrcss or btll of s mstrrisl, ruually a mc,trl or
alloy. Many formr of Ernbrittlcmcrt can
leed
to
brittle frarture. Many
formr
can
ocorr during thermal
tnntmcnt or elsl'8ted-tempcrature scrrrcc
(thermally
induced embrittlement).
Some
oI ther
formr of embrittlernent,
whici
effect
steel ,
includc blue brittleneas,885,F
l7s9
embrittlement, sigma-phace mbrittlemnt, and
temper
r:mbrittlement. In addition, steels
and other metab and alkrye can be embrittled by
environmental
conditioru
(ewimrunentrlly
assisted
embrittlcment). Thc forror
of emrimnmcntrl
ernbrittlcment
includc, cautic embrinlement,
lrydrr4en
embrittlement,
liquid
metal embrittlernrrt, and *r*
corraion crocking,
.
Endurrncc
llrnft
-
The meximum strat
thst
r matcrial
cen withaand for en
irfnitely
laryc number
of fati$uc
ryclea;
maximun
$Tlic
drer8 ls/el a metal can
withctand withor-t fatigue failune. Seealso
fatigue
strength.
.
Environmcntd
cechq
.
Brinle fracture of a nornally
duttile matcrial
in wfiich
thc connsi\c
effect of th
sn/ironmcnt
ir n caurative fector. Ennimnmcntal crackirg ir a
gencral
term thd ittcludct
cnnuritm fatiguc, high-temperaturt trydrogen
attach hydmpn bli .*eriry hydmgm eobrittleoert,
liquid meal embrittlement, stre6 -con6ion
cr8ckin& and sulfi& 6trat crufiry,
nrc
Rut
Buterr
8/6/20rO
Module s
-
General Corrosion
fips
Gloeeery of termr
o -
Eroclortcotroclon - Action irwoMng corraion ard erodon in thc
prtcncc
of a morring corraiw
fluid, leodiq to the a
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
23/231
8/6l2OrO
Module z
-
General
Corrosion
Tips
(;rrin
bound&1r
-
A narrtny zonc in
a
maal orrt-.rpondint
to
thc tnndtion fmm
orr
crrrnallngrapNc
orientation
to anotlrr,
thu
seperating
o[e
gr:ain
from another: thc stornr in mch
grainarc orranged n an or&rly pottern; thc irrtgular jurrction rrf wo adjacentgrainr ie knrwn os
grarn
hrundary.
Cnphidc
cornrrion
-
Deterioration
ril
gray
cast iron
in which
thc metlllic $nstitucnt
are
seledirrly leachcd
or conwrtcd to corrosion
productr
lewing the
gaphitc
intsd.
Sec abo deolloying
and se/edrrr? eoch
ng.
Orrphttiadon
-
A
maallurXjcal rcrm
dccribing
thc
formation
of
g:rphit
in iron or sted, usudly
fnrm drrumpocition o{ irun
ortidc st la/atcd tcmprrrtunr.
Crry
(-'rd
inrn
-
Grc;r cert irrrn ir nanred aftcr itr
grta
fnc'tured surfacc,
which
ncrurt
br:cau,r the
rraphitic
flakca
derlrrt
a
passing
cracl
and
initiate
eountkxs
nw cracks
as
th rnaterial
breals. Whitc
trrt iron ir narned afier its white surfae whcn fracturud duc
to
its
erbidc imptrities
which
allow
cracks
o
pels
streight through.
Hrdcnrbilfg
-
Ttrc reladw abi[ty of
r
fermu dloy to form martemite wlren
qtrencied
ft,oar a
temFEtuac abd the uppcr sithal temprratrre.
Herdnes - Resictanccof a material to plastic dcformation, usually inrLntion.
Module z
-
General Corrosion Tips
Glocerrly
of
terrns
,"..o on*-^- ;
"*,,*
*QJ
atrfi..t d EF
-
Tht
Fnid
of th. b.* mrtrl th|t w
fftltrd
rfiuiq
broirg, oniq. c rcklirq, brr rlxc
mimndn rnd rEtunirl
prcF
ikr w rttrRi
by
ih" h.a.
R'frr to rm rliml io. rld
rh.F
thc th"ml
ctdc hr
ou*l micmnrdunl
chr.{g
whii
tcenlly
rftc min bchrvir.
HtHmpanen
hydnla rtrrA
-
A
B
of rtFluth a.d rlucility of
.nccl
by
hith-tmFnturc
F{ti.n
of rborb
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
24/231
Module
z
-
General Corrosion
Tips
Gloccan of termc
HvrcoDic
-
(
)
PlGim
r mrrtat abiliB to
qrdcntc
thr
onrbnrltion of
Frter vlDoc apolhl
to
co'nderurn6nnuchi r:ompocfof s< th.rt
yiclil
s
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
25/231
8/6/20L0
Module z
-
General Corrosion Tips
Gloccrry of
terrrrc
.
Sifrne-phera crnbritdcrncnt
-
Embrittlcrncnt
tf irgn-chmmium allrSa
(moc
notrbly aurtenitic
stainlecc
stceb) couscd
ln prer:ipitatidr
ot
trlin
borndaricr
rn thc har4 brinlc
intermetrllic
sigru
pharcduring long pcnuil ofexpocurcto temp.raturcr bctwecnappmximately56crBnd98oC (toso
and tSor;F). Sigma-phnrcembrittlement rtrultr in
sel'ere
oee n
torrghnerr
ond ductility, and can
rnake
the embrittled nraterial cuscrptible
to
intergranular
corrogioo" See
oho ecnsitir,stion.
.
Strrln r5in3
-
,rging inducul by
cold
workiry.
.
llbcr
-
'the
interuity of
tllc
interndly
dlrtntuted forcca or componcnt| of
forccr that n-irt
r change
in
thc
volumc
or shapc d
r
mrtrrial tbst ir or her
hcn
rubjettcd to stc'nrl forttr. Stn:$ ir
expnxeed
in
fortr
per
unit area and is
rnkulrtod rxt
thc buis
of
thc fiigitul
dimemiom of
the
cns
w'tion of tbe spcr:jmen,
Stredr
(rr
be eithcr dinct
(tension
or
eompruddon)
rr chrr. Sc lD
rtrgidusl
stresa.
.
SEcr-corrrrion crxllqg
(tlOC)
-
A crackint
pmccer
thet raluirur thr combincd action of
e
eomxlcnt
and surtErncd tendle
strera
Strr:$-c0rraion crarling
may mur
in
combrnation
vnth
hydrogan embrittlemcnt,
.
Sulfidrdon
-
Ttp reaction of e metd or
alloy
with
a eulfur-containinS spc{ict to
producc
a arlfur
ctm6xrnd
that
formr on fi betuth thc rurficr on thc mctal or
alloy
TheRuiBBt6
Module z
-
General Corrosion
Tips
Glocorry
of tcrmr
. Sullt& rtrer cncHnS - Brittlc hilurc by rrm.kin8 und.r thc tnmbincd action of tenrilc Etrrs. snd
coroeion
in
the
preccncc
of
watcr
and
hydrogen sul6&. Seeabo envimnmentel cracking.
.
Tcnpcr crnbr{ttlcmcnt
-
Embrinlcncnt of alloy stt'cb trurcd by holding
within or
cuoling slrnvly
thmugh
a
temperstur rangc
ust
belorv h transformation rant.
F.mbrittlcment is
the
rerult
of the
segrepption
at
grain
boundrrice of impuri'tice
nrch ae
arrcnic, antimony,
phocphorur,
nnd tin. lt
ir
usualty manifeeted ee
an upward
ehiff
in ductile-ta'brittb transition tcmpcmturc.
.
Tcndlc
6tnt$ -
In tensilc testkr& thc ratio of
marimum
lmd
to
origfud
crc-sc
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
26/231
Module
z
-
General
Corrosion
fips
Gloccary
of
termg
o
Trrlad- tciFnar|t - I | )Ao artritnnly ,lelincd tcnpcrensc $at lics wthin lh. lcrq.?rturt rangom whri
rrrtal
Frturc chsactcnsticr lar usrully
rbtcrmined
b
lcalr of
rr)lchcd
rpccrnrcnr)chrngc rapidly, srcb
{s
frurn
lxtrnanly
ibnxr
{ hcr)
lo
Fmlnly
orystrllim
(cLwagc)
frrturc.
t2}
Sorrlimcr
ured o dcrntc an arbrtrarily
dclincd
tctryqarura wrthin a
rangc
n whrch
hc
ductrlity changcrmprdly
wrth
tcrnpcraturr.
I ltlirL rtrfittl
-
I'hc marimurn
sfe|.
ltcnrilc.
coaqrssiw"
(r
rhar) metcrid
can
susreiowitlnu
lixlur, ddlnnirEd by dividing
rnrimum lood
by
thc rigind crercctrmd rcr
of
thc spccrm. Abo
cd|cd
runfd
rfagb I mari''un sfaF].
lrnlfrra
corruior
-
{
)
A
typ.
of
cmrim
anek
(d.tctimtion)
mrformly dirtr ibutcd ovcr maal strfacc.
(ltCmoom
thet
pu.crJr
a al4roximrrcly
thc sarnc6le ovcf
a
mael
surt'rc"
Also
callcd
gancrol
crmosrtxr.
Whit
cart
iril
.
ir uncd aftcr rts
white surfrc whca
frrrurcd
dw
to
itr
carbrdc
mpuntics whrch
allow
crrlu to
pe$
strerght hrouth.
G].t crra |ru
ir
nusl atlcr iu
Itc]
frs:t|rrcd
urfrcc, which occurr bcccur
tha
graphnE
iilcc dcflccl e
pescing
r*t and nlrnc cormtlccs
nc}
cf8ls ar thc
msl.f,id
brc.h
'The
Rut 8urtc6
8l6l20L
Module
z
-
General Corrosion
Tips
ctoccary
lSrmr
o
tVmr'lt
-
l-iquit mltrl
porned
itrlo r
big sleb mold Sleb ir hca bor
vrrtcd
lrolling
mill),
h
tEatc4 coH
wslcd. Rcsull is a
urulirm
mt6l struchnc. Itir
ir opp
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
27/231
TheRust
Busters
API57L
Module
2
RefinervMaterialsof Construction
ClassQuestionsor Part
Open
Book
L Name
wo
elements ound in every ype of steel:
2. How much carboncan steelcontain?
3.
Most steelcontainshow much
iron?
4. What alloying element n cast ron makes t difficult to weld?
5.
As
the carboncontent
n steel ncreases. oes he steelbecome
more
brittle
or more ductile?
6. Name wo elements hat are used o
kill
steel.
7.
Is
"outgassing"
equired
rior
o all welding
procedures?
xplain.
8.
In
general,
f
a
metal has
a
large
grain
size,has t had a rapid or slow cool
down?
9. How many
grades
of stainless teelare here? Name at
least4
chemicalcomponents
hat make hem
different han eachother.
10. I s therea reasono specifypartially il led sti l l?
I
l. A kil led steelmade fom what deoxidizing gentwill
provide
a larger
grain
size?
12.
Why do
we want
to use
killed"
steel?
I 3. Does steelwith more
or
lesscarbonhave
a
greater
ability to bulge or tear rather han o burst or break?
14.
ls
carbonalwaysdissolved
n
the ron?
15. Specifically,
what makes
StainlessSteel
essweldable
han carbonsteel?
16.
Give an
example
of type of
alloy
that was onceengineered usedas a
preventative
material o r high-
temperaturehydrogen attack.
17. What will have more mpact on weldability, a small ncreasen molybdenum
or carbon?
18. What is
the chemicalcompositiondifference
between
304
& 304L
SS?
What does
he
"L" stand or?
Copyright
@2008TheRustBusters
Page
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
28/231
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
29/231
TheRustBusters API571
Module2
Refinery Materials
of Construction
ClassQuestionsor Part
Open
Book
l. Name wo elements ound in every ype of steel:
2. How much
carboncan steelcontain?
3. Most steelcontainshow much iron?
4, What alloying element n cast ron makes t difficult to weld?
5. As the carbon
content n
steel ncreases,
oes he steelbecomemore
brittle or more ductile?
6, Name wo elements hatare used
o
kill
steel.
7 Is
"outgassing"
equired
rior
o all welding
procedures?
xplain.
8. In
general,
f
a metal has a l arge
grain
size,has t
had a rapid or slow
cool
down?
9. How many
grades
of stainless teelare here? Name
at least4 chemicalcomponents hat make
hem
different
han eachother.
10. Is there
a
reason
o specify
partially
il led
sti l l?
11. A killed steelmade rom what
deoxidizingagentwill
provide
alarger
grain
size?
12. Why do we want o use
kil led" steel?
13. Does steelwith more
or
less
carbonhavea
greater
ability to bulge or tear rather han o burst or
break?
14. Is
carbonalwaysdissolved n the ron?
15. Specifically,what makes
StainlessSteel essweldable han carbonsteel?
16. Give an exampleof type of alloy that was onceengineered usedas a preventativematerial or high-
temperature
hydrogen attack.
17. What will have more mpact
on weldability, a small ncreasen molybdenum
or
carbon?
18. What s the chemicalcomposition
differencebetween304 & 304L SS? What does he
"L"
stand or?
Copyright@2008TheRustBusters Page
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
30/231
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
31/231
The
RustBusters
API57L
Module
2
RefineryMaterials
f Construction
ClassQuestionsor Part I
Open
Book
1.
Explain where
n the refinery
you
would find the
"Crude Desalter".
What two things
does
t remove hat make
t
a corrosion
work-horse?
2. What is the product of a Hydrotreater,and what is the bi-product?
3. What
is
the difference
n
products
n a Sulfuric
Acid Alky and a
HF Alky?
4. How high can he
BH
go
in
the
HAZ?
5.
What
type of
stresswill causea
pressure
essel o
pull
apart?
6. Alloys that are used
n
a refinery ypically
containwhat alloying elements?
7.
In
general,
will
an
ncrease n velocity help or hurt
your
corrosion ate? Why?
8. Will corrosion ncrease r decrease ith a
higher emperature?
9.
If
you put
a
liner
on
your
tank
bottom and
hen
put
a small scratch n it, what
will
be the
corrosion esult?
10. Will corrosionoccur n
pure
water? Why??
Copyright 2008TheRustBusters
Page
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
32/231
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
33/231
TheRust
Busters API571
Module
-
Refinery aterials f Construction
Revisedugust 009
Closed
ook
Quiz#1
1. Revised
Whichof the ollowing
s
a metallurgicalreatment
hatworkedwell o
prevent
racking:
a) Useof low alloymaterial.
b)
PWHT
c) WFMPT
d) Useof low carbonmaterial.
2. What s a
common
eoxidizing
gent sedn
Killed
Steel?
a)
Cr-Mo
b) Mo
c) Cr
d)
Silicone
3.
Revised The
carb6n quivalentormula s comprisedf 7 elements.Whatsingle
lement as he
greatest
contributiono the results
f
the
overall
ormula?
a) Cr
b)c
c) Mo
d) Ni
What alloying element n
Cast
ron
makes t difficult to weld?
a) Lack
of sil icone
b) Abundance
of silicone
c) Carbon
content
d) Iron
(Fe)
content
5. How many
ypes f Cr-Mosteels recommonly
sed n the efining ndustry?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
One
Two
Three
Four
Fiveor more
??
Copyright
O 2008 TheRustBusters
Page
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
34/231
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
35/231
The
Rust
Busters
API
571
6. For
most
corrosion
mechanisms,
he
corrosion
ate
of bare
metal
decreases
ith
time.
This
is
because:
l.
The
corrosive
acid
gets
weaker
as
t travels
along
he
pipe.
2.
The passive
ayer protects
he metal
rom
further
corrosion.
3.
The
anodegets
arger
n
respect
o
the
cathode.
4. Oxygen nterfereswith the speedof thecorrosion,andslowsdown the rate
7. The
addition
of
Cr to
steel
alloy's
is
known
to
stabilize
he
carbon.
What
does
stabilizins
mean?
a)
There
s
no need
o
pWHT
b)
The
carbon
n
the
alloy
is
less
ikely
to
migrate.
c)
There
s no
inspection
method
o determine
estabirization
d)
All
of the
above
are rue.
8. Is
Fenitic
SS magnetic?
a) Yes
b)
No
c)
Depends
n
the
grade.
d)
Depends
on the
temperature
9.
Which
of the
following
s
an
Austenit ic
rade
of SS?
a)
2205
b)
304L
c)
304M
d)
All
of
the
above
10.
Which
f the
ollowing
s
a Duplex
rade
f
SS?
a)
4909
b)
220s
c)
304L
d)
316
Fyl,
these
uestions
re
ight
out
of
the
book.
Remember
hat
onlv
about
25?6
f
the
API
est
questions
ill
be
"right
out
of
the
book,,.
Copyright
Z00B
TheRustBusters
Page2
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
36/231
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
37/231
8/6/20LO
Module
z.S
Amine
Treating
ThrRut
E( td
Module
z.S
Amine
Treating
Acid Gas - Has HzS
Purpose
of
Amine
Treating
_
Remove
HZS
from
-he
.lbrrybd
sorrr gas
Pu.ig
P.gffi16
I-eanAmine - Very little hzS
Rich
Aminc
-
Has
HrS
ThcRutButn
'
tn
h
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
38/231
8/6lzOL
Module
z.S
Amine
Treating
i.'rd
ert
F-{
p,fig
F.gff*d
Thc
Rurt Aud6r
Module
2.S
Arnine
Treating
Acid
Gag
-
Has HzS
Purpose
of Amine
Treating
-
Remove
HzS
from
lrlc
t'ryb"
sourgls
I-ean Amine - Very little HzS
Rich Aminc
-
Has HzS
Ttlc
Rult
Burtcrt
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
39/231
Module 2.S Amine
Treatit
g
Corroeion mechanicma:
l. Wet Hz.g demage
z. Arnrnonium Bisulfrde
g.
Erocion/Eroeion
Corrosion
+
AmineCracking
5.
Amine Corrosion
6. fitanium Hydriding
7.
Coollngwater
corroclon
Thc Rurt
But?fr
f*'
Rcflu
r:trrjanllr
r :o .n tmr{
tH.Srlor l
P1r +
P.96(ild
8/6/20rO
I
Modul
e
z.SAmine Treating
o --
AmincSCC 5.1.2.2
(pg
$Jl)
Aftccttd
Mrlcrirb
CS and ow
alloy
stctls
('rltlcd
Fector
.
lb
cxpenencc
Aminc SCC, a combrnation
of things must occur:
o
Aminc
gpc.
Cracking
rs
mote
ikely
to occur
n lean MEA
and DEA.
.
Tempcrature Craching can
occur li'orn ombicnt tcrnp to highcr tcmp, but it rnorG
ikcly
al highr tcmp.
.
Stres
-
Rcsrdual, Xclr/,&td
firrr;,a -
Examplcr are
hnding
or nalding. Odrcrs ore urrcrcn hciling or
cooling
Appornrcc
ol
Morpbolo,gy ol thm4c
.
Crackrngs INTERGRANULAI.-",Ttuabdel
.
Crackrng tlTically developc
parallcl
to
the wsld. In the
weld
metal, the uracks arc either trancverseOR
knginxlinil wrrh-frc
rrcld.
(Xlcr
. TrucAminccrackingisonlyaslociatedwrthf,.E/^/aminc. rackingassciaterlwithRichamineis
another corrosion mcchanism
Th
Rutt Bustert
-l
q
-
7/25/2019 571 Book Rust Busters1
40/231
8/6/2OrO
Modul
e
z.SAmine Treating
Aminc SCC
s'1.2.2
(pg
$Jl )
l : l l1
l r r l
Cracking along the
grain
boundaries
is
called
Interaronular
eroclctng. Ttese cracls
arc
ustully
associated
with
welds
and are typically in the base metal at the
weld'g
Heat Afrected
Tnne(HAZ).
.1
r