57 Lecture 5
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Transcript of 57 Lecture 5
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5/25/2018 57 Lecture 5
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REPTILIAN vs MAMMALIAN
DENTITION
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MOLARS OF MESOZOIC
PROTOTHERIANS
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MOLARS OF MULTITUBERCULATES
& MONOTREMES
MultituberculataPtilodus
Monotremata
Obdurodon Ornithorhynchus
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EVOLUTION OF THERIAN MOLARS
Tribosphenic
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THERIAN (TRIBOSPHENIC) MOLARS
(occlusal view)
(lateral view)
upper
lower
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TRIBOSPHENIC MOLAR OCCLUSION
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Quadrate or Bunodont
(primate)
Dilambdodo
(insectivore
Variations on Tribosphenic molar
ectoloph
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MOLARS crowns & roots
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Lophodont molar (murid rodents)
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Selenodont molar (artiodactyls)
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Loxodont molar
(elephant)
(capybara)
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DENTAL FORMULA
Canis lupus
I C P M3 1 4 2
Upper dentition
(one side only)
1 1 4 3
I c p mLower dentition
(one side only)
3 1 4 2________
3 1 4 3(x 2) = 42
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DENTAL FORMULAS
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Extreme dentitions
Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus)
simpli fication and reduction
Common dolphin (Delphinus)
simpli fication and multipl ication
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EARLY MAMMAL GROUPS
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ORDER SYMMETRODONTA
basal therians
Kuehneotheriumlate Triassic early Jurassic
Europe
Vincelestes
early Cretaceus, Argentina
HadrocodiumearlyJurassic, China
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SYMMETRODONTSLoss of post-dentary bones in lower jaw
Hadrocodon (Docodont, Prototherian)
Hadrocodium (Symmetrodont, basal Therian)
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SYMMETRODONT
Molar structure
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OLDEST MARSUPIAL?
Sinodelphys -- early Cretaceous (China)
4 1 4 4
4 1 4 3= 50
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OLDEST EUTHERIAN ?
Eomaia -- early Cretaceous (China)
5 1 5 34 1 5 3
_______ = 54
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EARLY EUTHERIAN
Ukhaatherium late Cretaceus, Mongol
5 1 4 3_________ = 504 1 4 3
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Skulls of early therians
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Skulls of early therians
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EARLY METATHERIAN
ORDER: DIDELPHIMORPHIA
Family: DidephildaeAlphadon (Late Createous, N. America)
5 1 3 4
4 1 3 4 = 50
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MARSUPIAL BIOGEOGRAPHY
To N. America
early diversification
(late Cretaceous)
Ameridelphian
diversification
(late Cretaceous)
Australodelphian
Isolation and
diversification(Tertiary)
Extinct ion on northern continents
(mid Tertiary)
Reinvasion of N. America
(Quaternary)
Asian origin?
(early Cretaceou
Isolation of
southern continents
(late Cretaceous)
To S. America
(early Cretaceous)
To Antarctica & Australia
(early Tertiary)
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CLADOGRAM OF RECENT
MARSUPIALS
(outgroups)
Australodelphia
Ameridelphia
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MARSUPIAL CLASSIFICATION
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Marsupial Placental differences
Cranial & dental morphology
Didelphis Canis
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5 1 3 4
4 1 3 4________ 3-5 1 4-5 3
3-4 1 4-5 3__________= 50 = 44-54