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DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAL OPERATED WATER PUMP

Atul P.Ganorkar1 , K.S.Zakiuddin2, H.A.Hussain3

1, 3, Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Anjuman College Of Engineering And Technology, Nagpur 440001

2, Department Of Mechanical Engineering .Head & Dean, P.C.E.T.

apganorkar@rediffmail.com.

Abstract: The socio-economic conditions of peoples

living in villages of developing countries including

India, human muscle power can be good alternative

to fulfill the energy requirements for performing

many activities like water pumping. Pedaling is the

most efficient way of utilizing power from human

muscles. Keeping these things in mind a pedal

operated water pump can be is developed. The

machine system comprised of three subsystems

namely (1) Energy Unit : Comprising of a suitable

peddling mechanism, speed rise gear pair and

Flywheel conceptualized as Human Powered

Flywheel Motor (HPFM) (2) Suitable torsionally

flexible clutch and torque amplification gear pair and

(3) a water pump unit. Though human capacity is

0.1hp continuous duty, the processes needing power

even upto 6.0 hp can be energised by such a machine

concept. This is a water pump which is run by

rotating the pedal of a cycle.

Keywords: Pedal power, Flywheel,

Literature review:

A tillu water pump of small capacity 4m

lift and 1m3/10 minutes has been operated by such a

Human Powered Flywheel Motor . In 5/6

energisiation of flywheel this much quantity of

water is lifted through 4m height[1]. Patent related

to water lifting with pedal powered reciprocating

pump is cited out. The concept is very useful for low

head irrigation purposes for small farmers.this

invention relates to water distribution systems,and

more particularly,to distribute systems powered by

human power[2]. An attempt has been made to

develop a manually operated centrifugal jet pump

that can also be easily coupled to either a single/pair

of animals. The pump can lift water from a water

table even at a depth of 16.8 m. The pump can lift

water to a height of 15.2 m provided that it is yoked

to an animal. This pump can offset the need to dig a

hole into the ground and fix a conventional

centrifugal pump (donkey pump) for lifting

groundwater[3]. Traditional water lifting devices

like Don, Swing basket has long been used in our

country and those are low cost and simple in

operation. They are inefficient and are not capable

of lifting water when suction head is more than one

meter. Other water lifting devices like treadle pump,

rower pump, wheel pump, diaphragm pump, blower

pump etc are still not popular due to their low

efficiencies and discharges, short service-lives, high

frictional losses and also due to the mechanical

troubles. Usually these devices are very laborious to

operate and the operators suffer from various health

hazards. Nobody can work at much over 1/5th hp for

very long time. According to the survey report,

many users of these devices complain about their

health problem like muscle pain, reduced body

weight, weakness and fever.

So the user demands to get a better

technology, which requires less manual power and

mechanical troubles. Hence to make the existing

techniques more user-friendly and uncomplicated

more intensive studies are required.

2. Types of Manually Energized

Machines

There are three types of Manually

Energized machines [4].

Type 1 : Power demand far in excess of continuous

duty human capacity of 0.13 hp. This needs flywheel

and hence H.P.F.M. Possible applications could be

water lifting, bricks making, threshing, food grains

crushing, Chaff cutting etc.

Type 2 : Power demand same as that of human

capacity continuous duty. Possible applications

could be winnowing, wood strips cutting, algae

manufacturing etc.

Type 3 : Power requirement same as that

of human capacity but cyclic speed fluctuations are

not desired. A small fly wheel is desired in such

cases.

3.Development of Human Powered Pump:

Standard bicycle gearing components can

be assembled with a flexible coupling to create an

inexpensive human powered flywheel power unit.

As the user pedals, power is stored in the flywheel.

The flywheel axle is connected to a transmission

transfer gear that turns a transmission input gear for

a transmission with multiple gears. The power

generated by the process of pedaling the bicycle is

used to lift the water and push the water from a

pipe into the farm for cultivation. Useful for

pumping water from rivers, ponds, wells and

similar water sources. The farmers can use this to

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pump water for irrigation. When the flywheel is not

being sped up, it idles. It can maintain a very-

nearly constant speed for a long time, because the

losses (equivalent to friction) in the bearings are

very small. It is sped up to its idling speed, it very

slowly loses speed over some period of time, and

then it is sped up to idling speed again

The suggested machine system uses human energy

achieved by pedaling and stores this energy in a

flywheel at an energy-input rate convenient to the

pedaler. After storing the maximum possible energy

in the flywheel (pedaling time could be 1-2 minutes)

the same can be made available for the actuation of

any process unit by making available the energy

stored in the flywheel through a suitable coupling

and torque- amplification if needed. Thus the

flywheel will decelerate depending on the actual

resisting torque offered by the process. It implies

that the pedaler does not pedal while the flywheel is

supplying energy to the process-unit.

4. Product development methodology:

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Identifying the customer and their needs

• Creating device specification

• Designing sub-systems

• Manufacturing a proff-of-concept device

• Testing and evaluation

5. Energy output and uses for pedal power

The circular pedaling motion at speeds of 60-80

revolutions per minute and transmitting power by

sprocket –and chain mechanisms and ball bearing

can convert about 95% of muscle energy of bicycle

[4].by pedaling, a person can produce four times

more energy than by hand movements. Torque is

produced from the operator’s feet and is transferred

to a sprocket and chain that ranges from one third

of the maximum torque produced. The use of

stationary bicycle, flywheel, elliptical sprocket and

gear ratios can minimize torque and increase the

amount of generated energy. According to the tests

done at oxford university, an average bike rider

travels at speed of 12 mph.ths speed can produce

1/10 hp. speeds of 18 mph can produce ¼ hp. at a

rate of ¼ hp, the human body can pedal

continuously for 10 min, but at a rate of 1/8 hp,

continuous pedaling can last up to one hour [4].the

figure 2 present the change in optimum rate of

pedaling with different power inputs.

Most blenders use between 600-1500

watts of energy, which clearly shows that besides

burning calories, pedal power can significantly

contribute to reducing energy bills. Pedal power

can provide energy to the following operations:

meat grindrer, wood carver, stone polisher and

buffer, jewelers lathe, pottery wheel, juicer, potato

peeler, meat slicer, cherry pitter,a butter churn

and many more items[4].

6. Necessity of experimental data based models

The main parameters of this subsystem, namely

bicycle drive mechanism, speed rise ratio

between small chain wheel shaft and flywheel

shaft and mass moment of inertia of the flywheel

will be decided based on intuition and easy

availability of componets.it was not known

about the optimum choices to achieve any one of

the below stated objective functions.

1. To get maximum angular velocity of the flywheel

at the end of stipulated pedaling time.

2. To get maximum energy stored in the flywheel at

the flywheel at the end of stipulated peddling

time.

3. to achieve maximum efficiency of conversion of

human muscular energy into rotational kinetic

energy of the flywheel.

Such optimization is possible provided

the mathematical models amongst these

parameters are established. It is highly

improbable to evolve such models adapting total

theoretical approach of applying one or more of

basic balances of mechanics,viz(1)force

balance(2) momentum balance(3) energy

balance(4) mass balance[6].this is so because the

phenomenon of energy conversion in this case of

man –machine system is highly complex for

applying these balances,. Hence an approach of

methodology of experimentation [7] will adapt

to evolve generalized experimental model for

this man-machine system.

In this approach all independent

parameters are varied experimental over widest

possible range and the response data is

measured. Based on this experimental data the

analytical relationship amongst independent and

dependent established. Thus, the desired

generalized experimental model is established.

this will revealed the optimum values of the

independent parameters to achieve various above

stared objective functions.

7. Identification of the dependent and

independent parameters of the system

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�9=TpH3/Q, �10=�

9. Conclusion

The primary focus of this research project will be

to create equipment with the capability of storing

the energy generated by the users. Our main is to

build a bicycle with a mechanism to convert

mechanical energy created during use and store for

use. We intend to build a device that will harness

and store this enrgy, and use that energy to offset

current energy consumption. The human body has

the potential to create an enormous amount of

energy if we are able to channel it in the right way.

The purpose of our research study is to generate

power through the use of human energy and to

promote awareness of the belief that human energy

is an untapped resource can aid in solving society’s

escalating energy crisis.

References

1]. A. R. Bapat et all, “Low Head Water Lifting

using Human Powered flywheel Motor”, Paper

Reading Meeting, Institute of Engineers, India,

Nagpur Center (India), Dec. 2000.

2]. United states patent. Patent number 5,772,405.

“Water system with pedal powered reciprocating

pump.”

3].J.K. Sial, M. Amjad, A. Shafi and M. A. Khan

‘’Development of Deep Well Jet Pump for

Orchards”Pakistan Journal of Water Resources,

Vol.9(1) January-June 2005/ 38

4] J. P. Modak, "Design and Development of

Manually Energised Process Machines having

relevance to Village/ Agriculture and other

Productive Operations” HUMAN POWER,

International Journal of Human Powered Vehicle

Association USA, April 2006, No. 57.

5] Wilson, David Gordon (2010). "Understanding

Pedal Power - Autonopedia." Autonopedia | The

Practical Resource for Sustainable Living.

Autonopedia. Web. 06 Dec. 2010.

6] Robert Resnick and David Halliday, “Physics I

and II”, Wiley Eastern Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,

(India), 1992.

7] Schenk H. Jr., “Theories of Engineering

Experimentation”, McGraw Hill Book. Co., New

York, 1961.

8] K.S.Zakiuddin and J.P.Modak “Formulation of

Data Based ANN Model for the human powered

fodder – Chopper Journal of Theoretical and

Applied Information Technology, Islamabad

PAKISTAN Vol.15. No.2. Experimentation, Mc

Graw Hill Book Co, New York, p.p 60-81.

9] H.Schenck Jr,‘Reduction of variables

Dimensional analysis’, Theories of Engineering.

10] Zlokarnik, M., Scale-Up in Chemical

Engineering. Wiley—VCH, Weinheim, 2002.

11] Szirtes, T., Applied Dimensional Analysis and

Modeling. McGraw-Hill, New York,1997.

12] Barenblatt, G. I., Dimensional Analysis and

Intermediate Asymptotics. Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge, 1996.