5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 Phone: (602

5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 Phone: (602) 421-4416; Email: [email protected]

Green Energy Data Centers and

Storage in the Coming Age of Vast

Cloud Computing Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows their own image

Powering a Clean Tomorrow™

5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]

Dr. Suchindran “Chat” Chatterjee’s Short Bio

• Currently: President and CEO, Kender Energy, Inc.

• Advisor, Cool Energy, Inc., Boulder, CO • Nominated member of the Delta Airlines

Customer Advisory Board • Founder and Chairman of Synergy and 21st

Century Solutions • Vice-President and CIO at The Mutual of

Omaha Insurance Companies and The Bank of Montreal/Harris Bank

• Director of I/S at The Nationwide Insurance Group of Companies

• Chief of Software & Oper Systems at Digital Equipment Corporation

• Chief Aerospace Testing Engineer, Sverdrup Aerospace, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee [Tested almost all ratings of Military and Civilian Aircraft, & the Space Shuttle]

• Current Adjunct Professor: Engineering, Computer Science, English, and Management & Member of Dean’s & Technology Councils, AZ State Univ

• B.S. - Aeronautical Engineering & Technical Writing

• M.A. - Technical Communication & Linguistics

• M.S. - English and Higher Education Administration

• Ph.D. - Computer Sciences [Vanderbilt University]

• M.B.A. - Information Systems Management & Finance [Digital Executive Management Prog/HBS]

• MCSE, CPCU, CLU, PE (Lic Prof Engr) • Renowned in Computational Fluid

Dynamics and Operating Systems • Honored as Technology Executive

& CIO of the Year 2003 by Computerworld Magazine

• Nominated for I/T Security Executive for North America for 2008 by Computer Security Institute

THE CONSTANTS


• Moore’s Law is totally out of control (a good thing)

– 3 years in tech time is now relates to a decade in real time!!

– The iPad was first released 19 months ago!!

• PRIVATE AND PUBLIC CLOUD COMPUTING ARE HERE TO STAY

• Storage cost and footprint will exponentially get cheaper and smaller

• The population of the world will reach ~10 Billion by 2050

• The world will get more and more digitally interconnected

• The number of devices that need instant access to data will explode; the workforce and offices will become more virtual

• Cost of legacy power generation & T&D will get much more expensive and indefensible to maintain status quo

• We will run out of fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc.)

• The ozone layer is in trouble and we must reduce our carbon footprint within the decade

• Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, et al are already very power hungry and fully developed


THE VARIABLES • How soon will the developing world become more the

fully developed world (India, China, Brazil, et al)? • What legislative and political climates will rule around

the world? • What are the pain points in power costs to truly wake up

the human race? • How do we convince corporate boards/execs to be more

strategic in their data and energy planning? • What are the security, application, and architecture

challenges in this cloud world? • How do we quantify data center and network

responsiveness, agility, and readiness to support all cloud computing with true strategic planning mindsets?

• What is each CIO’s cloud readiness & how to measure it? • How can power be globally distributed for JIT usage?

THE BIGGEST TRANSITION

IN THE HISTORY OF

MANKIND 5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]

Colo Managed

“Breaking the Dam(n!)”

• Colocation – 1st step to outsourcing

• Managed Hosting – dedicated servers managed by 3rd party take some pain away

• Cloud Hosting – Lower cost, easier, lower risk, more reliable


trenDing away from the “Pain”

Source: Google Insight for Search


Traditional Hosting Costs Continue to Grow

• High CapEx (30% H/W obsolescence) • Low facility asset utilization (55%) • High Depreciation (42-50%) • Power/Cooling costs > Server Costs • Not “Green” [Source: Forbes.com, Kenneth Brill, “Servers: Why Thrifty Isn’t Nifty”]

Source: Forbes.com, “Servers: Why Thrifty Isn’t Nifty”

MULTIPLE DEFINITIONS Understanding how others view “Cloud Computing”


Forrester Research “A pool of abstracted, highly scalable, and

managed compute infrastructure capable of hosting end-customer applications and billed by consumption1”

“Is Cloud Computing Ready for The Enterprise?” Forrester Research, Inc.

Forrester Research (cont’D)

• Different than SaaS

– Prescripted & Abstracted Infrastructure

– Fully Virtualized

– Dynamic Infrastructure Software

– Pay by Consumption

– Free of Long-Term Contracts

– Application and OS Independent

– Free of Software or Hardware Installation

“Cloud computing has all the earmarks of being a potential disruptive innovation that all infrastructure and operations professionals should heed.”


Other Definitions “Cloud computing is an emerging approach to

shared infrastructure in which large pools of systems are linked together to provide IT services.” – IBM press release on “Blue Cloud”

“…a hosted infrastructure model that delivers abstracted IT resources over the Internet” – Thomas Weisel Partners LLC from “Into the Clouds: Leveraging Data Centers and the Road to Cloud Computing”

“Cloud computing describes a systems architecture. Period. This particular architecture assumes nothing about the physical location, internal composition or ownership of its component parts.” – James Urquhart blog post


Multiple Graphic DescriPtions of the “clouD”

REDEFINING THE

DEFINITION Our view of “Cloud Computing”


Defining the Segments

• SaaS

–Software as a Service

–Storage as a Service

• PaaS – Platform as a Service

• IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service


Colo vs. Managed vs. Cloud Hosting

Colocation Managed Cloud

Time Weeks to Months Days to Weeks Minutes

Scalability Slowest, Rigid & Costly Slower, somewhat flexible, Costly

Instant, Flexible, Pay-per-usage

Cost High CapEx Costly, sometimes month/year contracts, no CapEx

No contracts, usage based, no upfront costs

“Green” Low Low High - virtualized

Pricing model Buy Servers & Colo costs whether used or not

Rent Servers & Hosting costs whether used or not

Rent based on usage only

Is the Hosting Model Ripe for Change

• Technology has evolved • People demand more control • Instant gratification • In-house too costly from CapEx and

Human Capital • Colocation for those who want to be

physically there • Managed is not dynamic enough Cloud Computing -“Enabling Technology”

to move from Traditional Hosting to Cloud Hosting


the clouD’s “snowBall effect”

• Maturation of Virtualization Technology

• Virtualization enables Compute Clouds

• Compute Clouds create demand for Storage Clouds

• Storage + Compute Clouds create Cloud Infrastructure

• Cloud Infrastructure enables Cloud Platforms & Applications

• Multiple Cloud types lead to Cloud Aggregators

• Niche requirements enable Cloud Extenders


the “clouD PyramiD” • Build upon a foundation • Layers equate structure • Building blocks: Infrastructure, Platforms, Applications • Breadth vs. Niche


the “clouD PyramiD” inverseD

• 1000’s of Cloud Applications currently

• Handful of Cloud Platforms

• Elite group of Cloud Infrastructure providers # of Marketplace providers


clouD comPuting is… … virtualized compute power and storage

delivered via platform-agnostic infrastructures of abstracted hardware and software accessed over the Internet. These shared, on-demand IT resources, are created and disposed of efficiently, are dynamically scalable through a variety of programmatic interfaces and are billed variably based on measurable usage.


clouD “aPPlications” • SaaS resides here

• Most common Cloud / Many providers of different services

• Examples: SalesForce, Gmail, Yahoo! Mail, Quicken Online

• Advantages: Free, Easy, Consumer Adoption

• Disadvantages: Limited functionality, no control or access to underlying technology


clouD “Platforms” • “Containers”

• “Closed” environments

• Examples: Google App Engine, Heroku, Mosso, Engine Yard, Joyent or Force.com (SalesForce Dev Platform)

• Advantages: Good for developers, more control than “Application” Clouds, tightly configured

• Disadvantages: Restricted to what is available, other dependencies

clouD “infrastructure” • Provide “Compute” and “Storage” clouds

• Virtualization layers (hardware/software)

• Examples: Amazon EC2, GoGrid, Amazon S3, Nirvanix, Linode

• Advantages: Full control of environments and infrastructure

• Disadvantages: premium price point, limited competition


clouD “extenDers” (Wild Card)

• Provides extension to Cloud Infrastructure and Platforms with basic functionality

• Examples: Amazon SimpleDB, Amazon SQS, Google BigTable

• Advantages: Extends functionality of Compute & Storage Clouds to integrate with legacy system or other clouds

• Disadvantages: Sometimes requires use of specific Platforms or Infrastructure


clouD “aggregators” (Wild Card)

• Sits on top of various Cloud Infrastructures for management

• Examples: RightScale, Appistry

• Advantages: Provides more options for Cloud environments

• Disadvantages: Dependent on Cloud Providers


the new “clouD PyramiD”


FROM Hosting to the Clouds

• Static Dynamic = Quick & Easy Scalability

• Cost Prohibitive Cost Effective = Cost Efficiencies

• Predictable Unpredictable = Innovations

• Stagnant Growth = Evolution

Traditional Hosting Cloud Hosting = FUTURE!


• Firewalls and DMZs

• Data De-duplication on steroids

• Can port controls ever transcend the psychology of human behavior?

• Just because you are paranoid does not mean no one is about to attack your TCOM weak points

• Is actual experience ever going to live up to the amazing demo?


SECURITY & CONTROL IN THE CLOUD

• Are we going back to the glass houses of my work days in the 1970s?

• We solved the challenge of pull and push installs, now we abandon it all?

• EDS, MIS, ISS, IS, IT, huh?

• Doesn’t cloud computing actually make it easier on all of us, as in the 70s?

• Bottom line, our disc packs have come so far over five decades!!!!


OPER SYST & APPLICATION DELIVERY

• If you don’t live life on the edge you are taking up too much room

• We have blown past Moore’s Law over four decades because we don’t recognize any boxes

• The cloud is not the end, it is just the beginning of again going where no one has gone before


LIVING ON THE EDGE OF THE INTERNET

• It is appliance and software

• The challenge then is: – How do we find the power to light up the

coming 10 BILLION people while fulfilling Moore’s Law?

– How do we stop spewing carbons since we all live on this same mud ball we call home?

– Do we want our progeny to have amazing computing power in their hands while wearing oxygen masks?


CLOUD – APPLIANCE OR SOFTWARE?

GENERATION -Waste Heat Challenge #1

• Industrial Processes – Wasted heat = missed business efficiency opportunity – Many processes preclude re-use of waste heat – Waste heat <300°C poor for steam power generation – Typical expected 1-5 year payback – 24/7/365 processes are ideal – Forest products, kilns, roasters, metals, glass, CHP


• Military Power Generation – 125,000 gensets fielded; 2.1GW capacity; 10,000

new/yr

– 10kW to 100kW most common (16.8 kW average)

– Gensets use 360 Mgal/year JP-8 during wartime

– $15/gallon min fuel cost in theater

– 80% of Afghanistan casualties occur in logistical ops

– $1.3B retrofit TAM, $170M annual new TAM

GENERATION - Waste Heat Challenge #2


Waste Heat Recovery Value

Engine Peak Power 20kW System Cost/Watt $5.00 Installed Cost $100,000 Annual O&M $/kWh $0.01 Annual Discount Rate 8.00% Years of Operation 10

Simple Payback Time (80% capacity): $0.10/kWh – 7.2 years $0.15/kWh – 4.8 years $0.25/kWh – 2.9 years $0.50/kWh – 1.5 years

Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)

Customers: Coffee Roasters (Diedrich) CSP (Sopogy, Chromasun) Military Gensets (DRS, Cummins) Brick Makers Cement Kilns Industrial Kilns (CoorsTek)

Competitive with Grid Electricity

LCOE Analysis

($/kWh)Annual Energy

Produced (kWh)

Annual O&M

costs $100,000

Capacity Factor

20% 35040 $350.40 0.380$

30% 52560 $525.60 0.256$

40% 70080 $700.80 0.195$

50% 87600 $876.00 0.158$

60% 105120 $1,051.20 0.133$

70% 122640 $1,226.40 0.116$

80% 140160 $1,401.60 0.102$

90% 157680 $1,576.80 0.092$

100% 175200 $1,752.00 0.084$


Cool Energy Proprietary and Confidential

Waste Heat Quality & Availability

• Vast amount of low temp industrial waste heat = huge opportunity

• Lower thermal efficiencies challenge economics

• ‘Free’ fuel supports economics

Stea

m, g

as

tu

rbin

es,

ICE’

s O

RC

’s, T

E

Stir

ling

Engi

nes

Source: EPA National Emissions Inventory Database

T BTU

Waste Heat Recovery Market

• Data from coops – 26,000 WHR opportunities

• 7% of electricity from coops – 370,000 total US sites

• 50% of sites suitable for SolarHeart (<100kW)

• $50B TAM at $4500/kW

• $15B SAM – 11GW capacity


• Why do we treat the issue of our power consumption like it is not OUR problem as a human race?

• Legacy power generation and delivery is known and finite

• Thinking can be operational, tactical, or strategic – two of these approaches will kill air breathing races

• Time to recognize, bring together, and solve the socio-technical plate-tectonic tsunami already overtaking us?


Are power sources infinite and mysterious?

QUESTIONS AND

COMMENTS? 5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]

Dr. Suchindran “Chat” Chatterjee

602-421-4416

[email protected]


MY CONTACT INFORMATION

Green Energy Data Centers and

Storage in the Coming Age of Vast

Cloud Computing Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows their own image

Powering a Clean Tomorrow™


5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 Phone: (602) 421-4416; Email: [email protected]

5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 Phone: (602

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