5.5-PassiveSolarDesign.ppt

8/15/2019 5.5-PassiveSolarDesign.ppt

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assive Solar

assive Solar

Designesign


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assive solar has been

assive solar has been

used for thousands ofsed for thousands of

years

ears

Southwest United States

outhwest United States


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Adobe solar architecture

dobe solar architecture


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assive Solar Design

assive Solar Design

Passive solar heating is defined as using solar energyPassive solar heating is defined as using solar energystriking windows, skylights, greenhouses, clerestories,striking windows, skylights, greenhouses, clerestories,and mass walls in order to provide heating for a house.and mass walls in order to provide heating for a house.

Generally, such solar collection occurs passively,Generally, such solar collection occurs passively,without the extensive use of pumps or fans typicallywithout the extensive use of pumps or fans typicallyused in active solar collector systems.used in active solar collector systems.

Because heating is needed only over the colder part ofBecause heating is needed only over the colder part ofthe year (Sept. to May, passive solar design must alsothe year (Sept. to May, passive solar design must alsoeliminate unwanted solar heat gains during the summer.eliminate unwanted solar heat gains during the summer.

!he use of techni"ues to eliminate solar gains and to!he use of techni"ues to eliminate solar gains and tocool a house with the use of active systems is oftencool a house with the use of active systems is oftenreferred to as passive coolingreferred to as passive cooling


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1. Conservation Levels: Higher than normal levels of insulation and

airtightness2. Distribution of Solar Glazing: distributed throughout the building

proportional to the heat loss of each zone

. !rientation: !ptimum "ithin # degrees of true south

$. Glazing %ilt: Loo&ing for perpendicular to sun angle in "inter'

although vertical efficient "here lots of reflective sno" cover

#. (umber of glazing la)ers: to $ for severe climates' less other"ise

*. (ight insulation and Lo"+, glazing: Greatl) improves reduction of

night heat losses

-. i/ing passive s)stems can increase comfort levels.


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Types of assive

ypes of assive

Systemsystems

#irect Gain#irect Gain

!rom$e %all or Mass %all!rom$e %all or Mass %all Sunspace or GreenhouseSunspace or Greenhouse

&oof Systems&oof Systems


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Direct Gain Systems

irect Gain Systems

Sunlight incident on transparent surfacesSunlight incident on transparent surfaces

allows the energy to enter the living spaceallows the energy to enter the living space

directly and is called #irect Gain.directly and is called #irect Gain.

South facing windows thus form the $asisSouth facing windows thus form the $asis

for the simplest type of solar heatingfor the simplest type of solar heating

system.system.

%ith some simple guidelines, this design is%ith some simple guidelines, this design isthe cheapest and $est way to incorporatethe cheapest and $est way to incorporate

solar into a house.solar into a house.


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Direct Gain assive Solar Design

irect Gain assive Solar Design

Surfaces should $e generally facingSurfaces should $e generally facing

south (to within ' degreessouth (to within ' degrees

)verhangs should prevent unwanted)verhangs should prevent unwanted

summer gains (' ft typical at *summer gains (' ft typical at *

degrees latitudedegrees latitude

%indow area should $e +-' of the%indow area should $e +-' of the

house floor area if no extra thermalhouse floor area if no extra thermal

mass is addedmass is added

!his amount of passive solar gain!his amount of passive solar gain

should provide no more than */should provide no more than */of the yearly heating loadof the yearly heating load

More area may $e possi$le ifMore area may $e possi$le if

additional thermal mass is added.additional thermal mass is added.

P&0123!4)5SP&0123!4)5S

0xcess window0xcess windowarea can result inarea can result ina loss of privacy,a loss of privacy,too much glare,too much glare,

underheating andunderheating andoverheatingoverheating

Mova$leMova$leinsulation shouldinsulation should$e designed to $e$e designed to $eeasy to install andeasy to install anduseuse


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A Simple Direct Gain

Simple Direct Gain

Systemystem


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1. ass Distribution: spread it around evenl)0 * times glazing area minimum3

2. ass %hic&ness: thin and spread out better than thic&. ore than

$4 for masonr) or concrete not useful

. Colour: 5loors dar& to absorb more heat' "alls and ceilings lighter

to reflect light.

$. Surface Covering: insulative coverings ie. 6ugs3 greatl) decrease

performance of thermal mass#. Concrete 7loc& asonr): 8f used' a high densit) "ith cores filled

"ith grout


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*. 5loor aterials: Concrete or bric& preferred. 8f insulating under' atleast $4 thic& 199mm3. ore than *4 1#9mm3 not useful.

-. Limits on Direct Gain Glazing rea: South facing glazing limited to

prevent large temperature s"ings. -; of floor area for lo" mass

buildings' 1; of floor area for high mass buildings.


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Good design is based on combining

ood design is based on combining

several elements and ideas

everal elements and ideas

6nowledge of seasonal changes in sun6nowledge of seasonal changes in sun

pathpath

7andscaping in the site plan7andscaping in the site plan )verhangs)verhangs

2ppropriate use of thermal mass 2ppropriate use of thermal mass

0nergy efficient design for the thermal0nergy efficient design for the thermal

envelopeenvelope


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4 Degree !atitude Sun "hart

Degree !atitude Sun "hart

showing altitude and a#imuth angles for

howing altitude and a#imuth angles for

different months of the year and times of the

ifferent months of the year and times of the

day

ay


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Site lan

ite lan

Don’t shade the south$ e%cept for overhangs$

on’t shade the south$ e%cept for overhangs$

but do shade the east and west sides& Dec's$ut do shade the east and west sides& Dec's$

porches and carports also may be used to

orches and carports also may be used to

shade&

hade&


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(verhangs on the South

verhangs on the South

Sideide


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Thermal )ass

hermal )ass

provided by normal drywall and furnishings

rovided by normal drywall and furnishings

and also by slabs$ mass walls$ fireplaces$nd also by slabs$ mass walls$ fireplaces$

etc&

tc&


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"lerestory is also direct

lerestory is also direct

gain

ain

0xcellent for0xcellent for$ringing$ringing

daylighting todaylighting to

northern spacesnorthern spaces

(deep houses(deep houses 1an use north1an use north

wall masonrywall masonry

heat storageheat storage

)verhang over)verhang over

clerestoryclerestory

window shadeswindow shades

in summer in summer


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*%ample of "lerestory

%ample of "lerestory

+ouse

ouse


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Thermal Storage ,alls

hermal Storage ,alls

or Trombe ,alls

r Trombe ,alls

2dvantages8 2dvantages8 0liminates glare0liminates glare

7owers temperature7owers temperatureswings in roomswings in room

9ents allow partition of9ents allow partition of

energy into daytime andenergy into daytime and

nighttime heatingnighttime heating Sun hits entire massSun hits entire mass

Precautions8Precautions8 More expensive and lessMore expensive and less

efficient than direct gainefficient than direct gain More difficult to reduceMore difficult to reduce

nighttime lossesnighttime losses

Best for sunnier climatesBest for sunnier climates

)ccupies valua$le space)ccupies valua$le space in $uildingin $uilding


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Trombe ,all with -ents

rombe ,all with -ents


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(peration of Trombe ,all

peration of Trombe ,all

Sunlight hits the darkened mass wall and a$sor$ed heatSunlight hits the darkened mass wall and a$sor$ed heat

moves slowly across the wallmoves slowly across the wall

!he inside surface temperature peaks :+ hours after the!he inside surface temperature peaks :+ hours after the

midday outside surface peakmidday outside surface peak

)perational vents allow optional controlled air circulation)perational vents allow optional controlled air circulation

into the space during the dayinto the space during the day

)verhang reduces wall sun exposure during the warmer)verhang reduces wall sun exposure during the warmer

monthsmonths

9ent added to outside at the top can drive warm air out in9ent added to outside at the top can drive warm air out inthe summer and $ring cooler air from a north ventthe summer and $ring cooler air from a north vent

can $e used as part of a southfacing greenhousecan $e used as part of a southfacing greenhouse

may $e retrofitted to existing houses with $rick or stonemay $e retrofitted to existing houses with $rick or stone

constructionconstruction


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SU.S A"* "(."* T

U.S A"* "(."* T

with mass wall added

ith mass wall added


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Sunspace ++ a passive solar heating s)stem t)pe consisting ofa glassed+in room li&e a greenhouse' atrium or conservator)'

located on the south side of a building and separated from

other building spaces b) a common "all.

Common Aall ++ a "all separating a sunspace from other

living spaces.

Greenhouse ++ a sunspace used primaril) for gro"ing plants

>roBected Glazing rea ++ net glazing proBected onto a single

vertical "all.


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Attached Greenhouses

ttached Greenhouses

or Sunspaces

r Sunspaces

2dvantages8 2dvantages8 7ower temperature swings7ower temperature swings

in ad;acent living spacein ad;acent living space


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1. ,ffect of orientation: optimum due south. >enalties about #; for 9degrees

off due south. ore summer overheating for off south directions.

2. @se of ass: increases spaces livabilit). 6educes overheating. !ptimum

thic&ness for masonr) "alls bet"een < and 124.

. rea of ass: direct gain rules appl): mass to 1glazing.

$. Do not glaze end "alls: for both summer and "inter performance.

#. Summer =enting: needs to be vented during summer especiall) if not "ell

shaded.

*. Aall Colour: Direct gain rules appl)' e/cept:

a. use dar&er colours in general as light colours tend to reflect light and

heat out of the space

b. if used as a green house' surfaces in corners need to be light toimprove plant performancelife.


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-. Sunspace "idth: 1# to 29 feet "or&s "ell.

referabl) masonr) li&e trombe "all3.

12. Common "all vents: reFuired as one of the "a)s heat is transferred to theliving space.

a. door"a)s' 1#; of glazing area

b. "indo" openings' 29; of glazing area

c. high and lo" vent pairs' 19; of glazing area


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Solar Greenhouse with

olar Greenhouse with

thermal mass in the

hermal mass in the

floor and in water

loor and in water

barrels

arrels


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Thermal Storage /oofs

hermal Storage /oofs

2dvantages8 2dvantages8 Provides $oth heatingProvides $oth heating

and coolingand cooling

Provides lowProvides low

temperature swing in thetemperature swing in the

$uilding$uilding

1an provide - of1an provide - ofheating and cooling inheating and cooling in

milder climatesmilder climates

Precautions8Precautions8 Structural support forStructural support for

heavy mass expensiveheavy mass expensive

Most easily used in -Most easily used in -

story $uildingsstory $uildings

!ypically / si>e of!ypically / si>e of

floor areafloor area

7east accepta$le design7east accepta$le design

in earth"uake pronein earth"uake prone

areasareas


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Thermal /oof "oncept

hermal /oof "oncept


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assive Solar Design

assive Solar Design

Style

tyle

!he effectiveness of solar heating does not!he effectiveness of solar heating does notdepend on the style (1ape 1od, 1olonial,depend on the style (1ape 1od, 1olonial,

modern, contemporary of house that youmodern, contemporary of house that you

design.design.

?ouses may $e small and simple, or?ouses may $e small and simple, or

spectacular@ the solar concept $eingspectacular@ the solar concept $eing

applied is the same.applied is the same.

)f course, the smaller the house, the less)f course, the smaller the house, the less

resources and cost will $e needed to $uildresources and cost will $e needed to $uild

and maintain it.and maintain it.


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+igh )ass Adobe +ouse

igh )ass Adobe +ouse


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*arthship

arthship


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*arthship

arthship


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*arthship

arthship


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*arthship

arthship

http011earthship&com1

ttp011earthship&com1

http://earthship.com/http://earthship.com/http://earthship.com/


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+igh )ass Desert +ouse

igh )ass Desert +ouse


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Adobe Sunspace +igh

dobe Sunspace +igh

)ass +ouse

ass +ouse


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"lerestory Direct Gain

lerestory Direct Gain

+ouse

ouse


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oint +ouse in "alifornia

oint +ouse in "alifornia

"oast

oast


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Direct Gain Solar +ouse

irect Gain Solar +ouse

5.5-PassiveSolarDesign.ppt

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