5.5 Classification
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5.5 Classification“You failed your Latin exam?!! But Sweaty, all you friends names have Latin roots….”
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5.5.1 Why Classify?
• The classification system we use was invented by Carolus Linneus (1707-1778)
• It is called the Binomial system because all organisms are given 2 names – their Genus name and their species name. e.g Homo sapiens, (man), Mytilus edulis (common mussel)
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Homo sapiens? Mytilus edulis
http://www.marlin.ac.uk/imgs/Species/Mollusca/o_Mytedu.jpg
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• It is important that when scientists in Mongolia work on a species, a scientist in Brazil knows which one.
Anemone Anemone
http://www.sydneyaquarium.com.au/Downloads/INT/Wallpaper_1024x768_WaratahAnemone.jpg
http://www.nmessences.com/healing_images/anemone_white_b1.jpg
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•It allows us to group similar organisms
http://i1.treknature.com/photos/6688/imgp1500a1a-copy1.jpg
http://www.no-pest.com/MountainLion6.jpg
http://media.photobucket.com/image/genus%20felidae/crowskyler/animania/clouded_leopard3.jpg
http://www.felinest.com/images/bengal-tiger.jpg
http://www.tigertouch.org/images/cats/lion.jpg
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5.5.2 There are 7 levels of Classification:
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Make up a pneumonic to remember this list in order.
King Philip Comes Over For Great Sausages.
Activity:
Classify Humans and one plant completely .
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The 5 Kingdoms
Animalia Plantae Fungi Protist Bacteria
No cell walls
Multi-cellular
Multi-cellular
Single + Multi-cellular
Single cellular
Single cellular
Cellulose cell walls
Chitin cell walls
NAG-NAMA cell walls
SaprotrophPhoto-autotroph
Heterotroph
Many types of cell wall
Many feeding types
Many feeding types
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5.5.3 A closer look at Plants:
There are 4 phyla:
1. Bryophyte – The mosses
2. Filicinophyte – The Ferns
3. Coniferophyte – The Conifers
4. Angiospermophyte – The flowers
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Bryophytes – The mosses• Simple non, vascular (no xylem and phloem.)
no proper roots but have rhizoids, reproduce with spores. Male gamete swims to female!
http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/images/TIa_photo1_500.JPG
http://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/photos-800/grrimmia-sp-exposed-rock-WA.jpg
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Filicinophytes – the ferns• Has stems roots and leaves. Reproduces by
spores. Male gamete swims to female.
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/205/519433609_f1a29201d7.jpghttp://www.centralfloridafarms.com/fern-vine/foxtail-ferndrm-web.jpg
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Coniferophytes – The conifers• Truly vascular. Reproduce
with pollen. Make cones with seeds in.
• Leaves are needle shaped to conserve water.
http://www.cambridge2000.com/gallery/images/P3075134.jpg http://www.denverevergreen.com/images/
pine_cones-left.gif
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Angiospermophytes- Flowering plants• Have proper flowers. Truly vascular.
http://www.umanitoba.ca/Biology/BIOL1030/Lab8/images/Helianthus_spp(Sunflower).jpg
http://www.ipaw.org/invaders/reed_canary_grass/ReedCanaryGrassC_lg.jpg
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5.5.4 The Animal invertebrates in detailInvertebrates are animals without backbones
there are 6 phyla:
1. Porifera – sponges.2. Cnideria - corals.3. Platyhelminthes – flat worms.4. Annelida – segmented worms.5. Mollusca – snails, octopi.6. Athropoda – insects, spiders, crustaceans
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Porifera – the sponges
• No mouth or anus. No symetry.
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/spong.jpg
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Cnideria – Corals, hydra, jellyfish• Have a mouth and anus. Have radial
symmetry.
http://www.sydneyaquarium.com.au/Downloads/INT/Wallpaper_1024x768_WaratahAnemone.jpg
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Platyhelminthes- flatworms• Have mouth and anus.
Have Bilateral symmetry. Soft with no skeleton.
http://rivers.snre.umich.edu/www311/OrganismPhotos/Platyhelminthes.GIF
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Annelida – segmented worms
http://www.southtexascollege.edu/nilsson/4_GB_Lecture_figs_f/4_GB_23_AnimaliaInvert_Fig_f/Annelid.GIF
Hydrostatic skeleton
Many segments
Bilateral symmetry
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Mollusca – snails, octopiHave a mouth and anus. Most have a calcium carbonate shell.
Bilateral symmetry. Hard rasping ‘radula’ is used for feeding.
http://z.about.com/d/animals/1/0/V/7/shutterstock_701650.jpg
http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/octopus.jpg
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Athropoda – insects, spiders, crustaceans
• Jointed legs. Hard chitin exoskeleton. Bilateral symmetry. Segmented body
http://tintedglasses.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/cockroach-3.jpg
http://www.hhcc.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/03/spider.jpg
http://img.quamut.com/chart/6861/01_atlantic_common_crab.jpg