5 Considerations in TeachingListening and SpeakingCalifornia University of San Bernardino

Team #1: In Young Choi Ja Eun KimKyung Chun Kim Min Jeong KimEESL542D Listening and Speaking in TESOL

1Special Considerations inTeaching Listening

I. The lack of teaching method Follows are reasons why we use a traditional method which is test preparing approach and unwillingly apply various effective listening methods. focused on writing and reading capacity rather than speaking and listening oneTest-centered education circumstance The lack of opportunities to face the necessary to learn authentic tasks.

This is the image students are having listening lesson of English at a public school.

3 Effective teaching method-1 Add Pre-listening step Encourage to ask the question: What do I already know about this topic? and activate existing knowledgeBuild prior knowledge with provided appropriate background information about the topic by teachersArticulate ones purpose: why am I listening?4 Effective teaching method-2 Pre-listening Activities Predict possible words and phrases that they might hearBrainstorm and discuss in pairs or groupsView films or photosWrite and share journal entries

5 Effective teaching method-3 Add Post-listening stepAsk questions of themselves and the speaker to clarify their understanding and confirm their assumptionsSummarize a speaker's presentation orally, in writing, or as an outlineReview their notes and add information that they did not have an opportunity to record during the speechAnalyse and evaluate critically what they have heard6 Effective teaching method-4 Post-listening Activities Writing: response journal, learning log, or compositionReading: further research on a topic or a contradictory viewpointArt or drama: designing a cover jacket after a book talk or developing a mock trial concerning the topic through drama in role

7II. Various Accents for ListeningThere is no standard English accent.All speakers of English are expected to cope with many different aspects and learn how to understand them.Current Korean learners have been taught with the American English accent only.They have a hard time understanding the other different accents of English such as the British accent.They need to be exposed to various English accents with authentic tasks.

8Effecitve teaching method - 1 The following teaching ideas are based on Bottom-up Processing, which is one of the optimal teaching listening strategies.New Vocabulary Students learn how to pronounce new vocabulary by listening to different English accents. (e.g. the American accent VS the British accent)Using computer dictionary website (such as Dictionary.com) as an authentic tool Students learn not only definitions but also accurate English accents that the dictionary website provides.

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Effective teaching method - 2 Dictation Students dictate phrases or sentences as listening to the American English Vs the British English. Some Ideas of Class Activities for DictationListening to a song - Songs usually do not contain various English accents, but this activity will bring students alive participation. - Pre-Listening: Introduce new vocabulary. - While-Listening: Fill in the blanks Correct wrong words of lyrics etc. - Post-Listening: Students share their favorite songs.

Listening to a short conversation - Pre-Listening: Predict what is happening with given titles or pictures/ Introduce new words for listening. - While-Listening: Fill in the blanks/ Put sentences in order - Post-Listening: Role-playing based on given situations.

10Effective teaching method - 3 Video Clips Students learn different English accents by watching some famous video or movie clips such as The Friends (for the American Accent) or Love Actually (for the British Accent)Students are expected to understand main ideas of English by being exposed to various English accents.Through this activity, students are also exposed to the target culture. Some Class Activities using Video Clips; Fill in the blanks (words/ idioms/ slangs/ jargons/ sentences like common expressions etc.) Predicting the main ideas - Students predict what is going to happen next. Before watching the clip - After watching some parts of the clip

11Effective teaching method - 4CNN/ BBC NewsStudents learn not only how to grasp main ideas but also to summarize by listening to various English accents on CNN/BBC News.Some teaching tips using News- Introduce new vocabularyListen to the news without stoppingListen again/ fill in the blanks on the provided scriptureListen again + summarize in their own wordsRole-playing: Be an anchor/a main news reader

12Special Considerations inTeaching Speaking

III. The Lack of Realia-Authentic UseIn EFL circumstanceThe students take less than 2~3 hours a week of English speaking classes.The students speak in totally native language in real life.The students dont have enough opportunities to make use of any vocabularies, phrases, or expression that they learned from the classes.The curriculum is still test-centered: Leaning reading and grammar are much more focused on than listening and speaking.

14How to teach them betterTo create classroom speaking activities that will develop communicative competenceGive the students more opportunities to practice language use freely: English Only Zone, English Speech Contest, E-palAllow the students communicative activities to practice using real-like settings: Situational conversation, Role-playing, Discussion, Debate, Presentation, Authentic taskLet the students learn autonomous self-regulated learning process: The teacher teaches scaffolding process so that they develop a plan, resolve a problem, complete an assignment and evaluate themselves working together.Extend the amount of exposure to English: Radio and TV programs, Youtube clips, English Village, Online speaking15Effective teaching method - 1Create optimum atmosphereCreate stress-free atmosphere - Help out instead of pointing out - Promotion of learner autonomy - Show respect as Agent of learningProvide enjoyable topics - Draw interest for active participation - Use real-like situations and multimedia

You can encourage the students to speak out more actively and creatively. Create supportive atmosphere that allows them to make mistakes without fear of embarrassment. This will contribute to their self-confidence as speakers and their motivation to learn more (Burkart, 1998).

16Effective teaching method - 2Make use of Role-playing and DiscussionGive various situations and conditions - Practice to experience virtual reality in advance - Provide supportive materials to have a lot to talk aboutEncourage free discussion - One issue can be varied without limitation (reject traditional one correct answer and value multiple answers and put someone in others shoes) - Attract voluntary participation from the students

To practice a variety of situations and conditions is effective.17Effective teaching method 3, 4Provide technological instructionUse online or software programs - Make up the lack of conversation with native speakers by using alternative ways - Inform Radio/TV programs, useful websites or software for regular homework assignment

Practice makes perfectPromote frequency of interaction and utterance - Increase the number of time speaking English by students-to-students and Group-to-group interaction - Cultivate the fluency by training a variety of speech samples - Exploit familiarity with diverse tasks by repetition

The student are having talk with a native speaker online.

IV. The Lack of interactionSeveral reasons why lack of interaction makes teaching speaking difficultSpeaking class requires a lot of speaking practice. But lack of interaction makes it impossible for students to try speaking in class.Speaking class needs comfortable circumstances so that students can speak actively feeling free. But lack of interaction cant create such comfortable circumstances.Speaking class should be dynamic and exciting to draw students into active participation. But lack of interaction makes speaking class boring and dull.19How to teach them betterHere are several methods to increase interaction in speaking class.Showing fun multimedia like movie clips and dramas, asking students wh-questions not yes-no questions.Giving motivation to students asking information about their interests like dreams, favorite stars, and sports, then having them present their idea to class Using some games so that students can talk or explain something each other like twenty question game, quiz, speed game, and so on.20PLEASE WATCH THIS FOR A WHILE! : Funny movie clipShow students one of Mr. Bean series Ask students about the situation and the happening using wh-questions .The examples can be Who is he? Where is he? When is it? Why is he there? What is happening? Hows it going?" 3. As a review, ask students to explain the situation and actions while showing the movie clip again.Effective teaching method - 121Effective teaching method - 2Show students some jobs to think of their dreams Ask students to draw their dreams on a canvas.Have students explain the pictures to partners and a teacher.Have students write things to make dreams come true. 5. Have all students present their resolutions for their dreams to class.

Dreams22Are you ready? Everyone?You have to explain the holidays you will see to your leader.Go for it!Effective teaching method - 3Ask students to make ten-member groups.Each group leader draws lots to select one of many topics. Topics are like place, sport, job, holiday, etc.Each group member takes turns to explain words to their leader and the leader guesses the words. If one cant explain, using gestures is acceptable. The winner team will get candy from a teacher.

What is the day? people wear ghost clothes and go around to get candy saying Trick or treat.

What is the day? We can tell lies to people. So we make fun of other people all day long.

What is the day? Boys and girls give and take gifts such as chocolate and candy. Times up! Good job!Games23I believe the children are our futureTeach them well and let them lead the way