04/18/23 1

04/18/23 2

04/18/23 3

Giving Birth:

Newly Born:

Young Male:

Young Female:

Calving

Calf

Bull

Heifer

04/18/23 4

Mature Male:

Mature Female:

Castrated Male:

Bull

Cow

Steer

04/18/23 5

04/18/23 6

Giving Birth:

Newly Born:

Young Male:

Young Female:

Lambing

Lamb

Ram

Ewe

04/18/23 7

Mature Male:

Mature Female:

Castrated Male:

Ram

Ewe

Wether

04/18/23 8

04/18/23 9

Giving Birth:

Newly Born:

Young Male:

Young Female:

Farrowing

Piglet

Boar

Gilt

04/18/23 10

Mature Male:

Mature Female:

Castrated Male:

Boar

Sow

Barrow

04/18/23 11

04/18/23 12

Giving Birth:

Newly Born:

Young Male:

Young Female:

Foaling

Foal

Colt

Filly

04/18/23 13

Mature Male:

Mature Female:

Castrated Male:

Stallion

Mare

Gelding

Goats

• Caprine – Scientific name

• Billy – Uncastrated male goat.

• Wether – Castrated male goat.

• Nanny – Female goat.

• Kid – Young goat.

• Kidding – Act of parturition in goats.

• Gestation Length – 150 days

04/18/23 16

04/18/23 17

Giving Birth:

Newly Born:

Young Male:

Young Female:

Laying

Chick

Cockerel

Pullet

04/18/23 18

Mature Male:

Mature Female:

Castrated Male:

Rooster

Hen

Capon

Rabbits

• Lapine – Scientific name

• Buck – Mature male left in tact

• Neutered Rabbit – Altered Rabbit

• Doe – female of any age

• Bunny – Newborn

• Kindling – Act of parturition

• Length of Gestation – 30-35 Days

Dogs

• Canine – Scientific name

• Sire Dog – Mature male left in tact

• Neutered Dog – Castrated male

• Bitch – female of any age

• Puppy – Newborn

• Whelping – Act of parturition

• Length of Gestation – 9 weeks

Cats

• Feline – Scientific name

• Stud or Tom Cat – Mature male left in tact

• Neutered or Altered Cat – Castrated male

• Dame – female parent

• Kitten – Newborn

• Kindling – Act of parturition

• Length of Gestation – 63 days

04/18/23 25

Animals that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one

another and pass on their traits uniformly to their offspring.

04/18/23 26

Beef BreedsWhat’s the difference between

British breeds and

continental breeds?

04/18/23 27

• Origin: Aberdeen, Scotland

• Characteristics: Black, some have white bellies, polled*

• Smooth hair coat• Medium frame size• Heavy muscled

– *Polled: born without horns (genetic trait)

04/18/23 28

• Origin: Herefordshire, England

• Characteristics: Light yellow to cherry red with white belly; thick, curly hair coat

• Medium frame size• Medium muscled

04/18/23 29

• Origin: Northern England

• Characteristics: Color varies, mostly roan (red and white color)

• Medium to large frame size

• Medium muscle

04/18/23 30

• Origin: South Central France

• Characteristics: Most commonly red; can be black with lighter eyes and belly

• Medium to large frame size, long body

• Heavy muscle

04/18/23 31

• Origin: Northwest France

• Characteristics: Deep red with white markings; most commonly solid black in color

• Large frame size• Heavily muscled

04/18/23 32

Swine Breeds

04/18/23 33

Duroc

• Origin-New York/New Jersey

• Ears- Droopy• Color- Cherry Red• Misc.-Large frame,

fast gainers, good mothers, popular breed

04/18/23 34

Hampshire

• Origin-Kentucky

• Ears-Erect• Color-Black

with a white belt

• Misc.-The “meat breed,” excellent carcass

04/18/23 35

Chester White

• Origin-Pennsylvania

• Ears-Droopy• Color-White

with blue freckles

• Misc.-good mothers, large frame

04/18/23 36

Yorkshire

• Origin-England

• Ears-Erect• Color- White• Misc.-the

mother breed, largest litters

04/18/23 37

Landrace

• Origin-Denmark

• Ears-Droopy• Color-White• Misc.-

extremely long body

04/18/23 38

Sheep Breeds

04/18/23 39

Columbia

• Developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture

• Developed to thrive on Western ranges

• Produce medium wool and large amounts of meat

04/18/23 40

Hampshire

• Originated in Hampshire, England

• Black face and legs

• Mild demeanor• Unbroken wool

cap should extend from the neck over the forehead

04/18/23 41

Rambouillet

• Originated in Spain• Shipped to France in

1801• White in color

04/18/23 42

Southdown

• Developed in England• Well suited to farm

flock production• Gray face with white

body• Adapted to wet

conditions

04/18/23 43

Suffolk

• Originated in England• Most popular breed in

the United States today

• Produce large amounts of meat

• White with black faces and legs

Breeds of Dairy Cattle

6 major U.S. breeds

July 2002

Aryshire

• Originated in Scotland

• Originally known as the Dunlop

• Color: red and white• Good feet and legs,• Excels in udder

conformation• Medium-sized frame

Brown Swiss

• Originated in Switzerland

• Because of foot and mouth disease, only 3 have been imported since 1906

• Good temperament and strong feet and legs

• Color: gray or light brown to dark brown

Guernsey

• Originated from the Isle of Guernsey

• Known for high quality (high fat and protein content) milk while consuming less feed

• Intermediate frame

Holstein

• Originated in Europe

• Large frame• Color: black and

white or red and white

• Known for outstanding milk production

Jersey

• Originated from the Isle of Jersey (small British isle)

• Color: very light gray to dark brown or almost black

• Known for high milk fat

• Wide-range of body weight; typically smaller-framed

Milking Shorthorn

• Originated in England

• Color: red, white, red and white, roan

• Most versatile of all breeds: good producers, good temperament, good calves, good frame

Terminology

• Objective:– Define terminology related to reproductive

management and breeding systems including castration, colustrum, estrus, gestation, lactation and parturition.

Terminology

• Objective:– Define terminology related to reproductive

management and breeding systems including castration, colustrum, estrus, gestation, lactation and parturition.

Terminology

• Castration– Removing the testicles of the male to prevent

breeding

• Colustrum– First milk

• Gestation– Time an animal is pregnant

Terminology

• Estrus– When a female is receptive to be bred

• Lactation– Period of time that milk is secreted by the

mammary glands

• Parturition– Than act of giving birth

Breeding Systems

• Objective– Discuss crossbreeding, grading-up,

inbreeding, linebreeding, and purebreeding

Breeding Systems

• Pure Breeding– Registered male and female animals– Angus X Angus

Breeding Systems

• Cross Breeding– Mating a male and female of different breeds– Angus X Charolais = Crossbreed

Breeding Systems

• Inbreeding– Mating closely related animals– Brother X Sister– Son X Mother– Father X Daughter

Breeding Systems

• Linebreeding– Breeding more distant relatives than

inbreeding– Cousin X Cousin

Breeding Systems

• Grading-Up– Mating purebred male (sires) to unregistered

or corssbred females (dams)– Yorkshire bore X Yorkshire/Hampshire sow– Hybrid Vigor

• Superior traits from crossbreeding • Offspring are better than parents

Ovulation Rates

Ovulation Rates by SpeciesCow- 1 egg per estrusEwe- 1 to 3 eggs per estrusSow- 10 to 20 eggs per estrusMare- 1 egg per estrusHen- Approx. 28 eggs per month

Reproductive Terminology

Species Act OffspringCows calving calfEwes lambing lambSows farrowing pigHens hatching chickMares foaling foalGoats kidding kid

Reproductive Functions (Female)

Gestation and Lactation Periods:

Species Gestation Period Lactation(Milking)

Cow 275 - 285 days beef 180 - 270 daysdairy 305 - 365 days

Ewe 115 - 142 days 60 - 90 - 120 days

Sow 112 - 115 days 21 - 42 days

Mare 330 - 345 days 90 - 150 days

Woman 270 days ? years

Reproductive Functions (Female)

Estrous period length by species:

Cow 12 - 18 hours

Ewe 24 - 36 hours

Sow 48 - 72 hours

Mare 90 - 170 hours

Hens & Womennone

Reproductive Functions of the Female

Estrous cycle - time from one heat period (or menstrual cycle) to the next.

Length of estrous cycle by species:

Cow 19 - 21 days

Ewe 16 - 17 days

Sow 19 - 21 days

Mare 21 - 24 days

Woman 28 days

Hen none