UD Toilets and Composting Toilets in Emergency Settings (Draft)
5.2 Public away from home toilets How appealing can they be? Can vandalism be avoided? Learning...
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Transcript of 5.2 Public away from home toilets How appealing can they be? Can vandalism be avoided? Learning...
5.2 Public “away from home” toilets
How appealing can they be?
Can vandalism be avoided?
Learning objective: how to plan & implement sustainable public toilets
www.go.funpic.humor
A public toilet is part of a system
OutsideInside
Facility
User views on public toilets
access
locationsignage
appear-ance
security
fixturesfittings
clean-liness
attend-ants
payment
disability
urinals baby
rest products
separate
unisex
Courtesy of Clara Greed
(from Hanson et al. 2007)
User surveys and evaluations
J-O Drangert, Linköping university
User interview results
Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007
Location of toilet blocks and urinals
Courtesy of Clara Greed (from Hanson et al. 2007)
A toilethierarchycovering: city centre,district and local levels
Signage ~ how to find the place
Photos courtesy of Clara Greed
Map showing public toilets
Access to the toilet and urinal
New urinal stands behind a toilet block. The urinal is being used for defecation during night hours when the main toilet block is closed
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden
A toilet with accessories for many user groups
Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al.
2007
External appearance of the toilet or urinal
A block of urine-diverting toiletsPhoto courtesy of Suburraman, Scope, India
Excellent access to unisex street toilets in Waikato, New Zealand. Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden
Sulabh pay toilet with bath
Public pay toilet in Moscow with attendant. Urine diversionPublic free urinal after rainA sign board about fees
Payment or not?
Dutch toilet with slogan
Cleaning
of toilets
Courtesy of F. Garduňo, Sarar, Mexico
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden
Management inside the toilet block
Security and privacy
Ultra-blue light to prevent syringe injection
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden
Courtesy of Clara Greed
(from Hanson et al. 2007)
Less privacy may reduce vandalism & improve safety
Portland Loo
Cleanliness
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden
A brightly lit, easy to clean toilet in which all cracks are sealed to prevent stagnant urine and water
Water ”tap” for washing hands using 0.1 litre per hand wash
Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007
Fixtures in the cubicle and urinal – and vandalism
If the toilet is not cleaned regularily, users will fill up the floor all the way to the entrance
Fixtures have to be sturdy to withstand abuse
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden
Unisex and baby-friendly facilities
Women and men have quite different dimensions and ‘reach’ in terms of length of arms and legs (Goldsmith, 2000)
Baby friendly unit
Courtesy of Clara Greed
from Hanson et al. 2007
Female urinal from Tepozeco in
Mexico
Urinals
J-O Drangert, Linköping UniversityCourtesy of Ron Sawyer, Sarar, Mexico
Female squatting
urinal
Male urinal
Differently abled persons
Photo Courtesy of M. Subburaman, Scope,. India
Where does urine and faecal matter end up?
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden
Public toilets in remote locations
Volume reduction per year in a natural composting process:
Courtesy of Compostera AB, Sweden
Summary of design and reuse options
Output Option 1 Option 2
Water from hand washing
Soil bed Sewer
Urine from urinal Undiluted Flushed
Faecal matter from diverting toilet
Mixed with ash or sawdust
Flushed
Excreta from toilet Undiluted Flushed
Ablution water Soil bed Sewer
J-O Drangert, Linköping university