5.2 Displacement Reactions. Learning Goals Learn how to read and use the activity series Learn what...
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Transcript of 5.2 Displacement Reactions. Learning Goals Learn how to read and use the activity series Learn what...
Learning Goals• Learn how to read and use the activity series
• Learn what is a single displacement reaction and how to create a single displacement reactions
• Learn what is a double displacement reaction and how to create a double displacement reaction
Classifying Chemical Reactions• The new substances, or products, that form during chemical changes
will depend on the type of chemical reaction occurring.
• There are four main types of chemical reactions:
1) Synthesis Reactions
2) Decomposition Reactions
3) Single Displacement Reactions
4) Double Displacement Reactions
Single Displacement ReactionsIn a single displacement reaction, one element takes the place of (displaces) another element in a compound.
There are two general forms of equations for a single displacement reaction:
For a single displacement, where A is a metal:
For a single displacement, where A is a non-metal:
Example 1A single displacement reaction involving a metal replacing another metal occurs when copper is placed in an aqueous solution of silver nitrate.
copper + silver nitrate copper(II) nitrate + silver
Cu(NO3)2(aq) + Ag(s)Cu(s) + AgNO3(aq)
Cu(s) + AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + Ag(s)Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
Metals differ in their reactivity. The activity series is a list of metals organized according to their chemical reactivity; the most reactive metal appears at the top and the least reactive metal appears at the bottom.
A reactive metal will displace or replace a metal in a compound that is below it in the activity series.
Looking back at the previous example:
Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
Could it be the other way around?
No reaction
Example 2A single displacement reaction involving a metal replacing hydrogen occurs when zinc is placed in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride).
zinc + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride + hydrogen
ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)Zn(s) + HCl(aq)
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
A single displacement reaction involving a non-metal replacing another non-metal occurs when fluorine is placed in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.
fluorine + potassium iodide potassium fluoride + iodine
KF(aq) + I2(g)F2(g) + KI(aq)
F2(g) + 2KI(aq) 2KF(aq) + I2(g)
Example 3
Double Displacement ReactionsIn a double displacement reaction, the cations of two different compounds exchange places, forming two new compounds.
The general form of the equation is:
In this equation, A and C are cations and B and D are anions.
ExampleAn example of a double displacement reaction occurs when barium hydroxide and sodium sulfate are mixed in a solution.
barium hydroxide + sodium sulfate barium sulfate + sodium chloride
BaSO4(s) + NaOH(aq)Ba(OH)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)
Ba(OH)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2NaOH(aq)
ExampleThe following is a double displacement reaction.
Complete and balance the chemical equation.
AlCl3(aq) + CuNO3(aq)