ADMISSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Bismillahirahmannirrahim.

Assalamualaikum.

Firstly, I want to thanks to Allah, I get the Pensiswazahan Guru Sekolah

Rendah Course.InsyaAllah 1 will try my best in this course.

I would like to thanks my Lecture Madam Nor ‘Azah Bt Abd.Aziz that has

being teaching me and be given the guideline how to complete this task.He has

given a lot of comment to make sure I have done my task properly.Without his

help, this assignment cannot be done and I also cannot finish this assignment

completely.

Not forget to thanks to all my friends that give support to complet this

assignment.They give me a lot of informations to do this task.

Lastly I alsowant to thanks to all the members of Bahasa Melayu (PGSR

Course) .Without this discussion I can’t do this task.They also give support to me

and make sure this task can being finish completely.

I hope, I have done this assignment based on the question guide and can

make more experience to me how to do the another task in this course.

Thank you.

CONTENT PAGE

GRAMMAR NOTES OF NOUNS

A. GENDER

( Nouns can be divided into four group according to gender )

Masculine Gender Feminine Gender

They belong to the male

Gardener Peacock

Lion King

They belong to female

Quenn Waitress

Cow Hen

Common Gender Neuter Gender

They can be eother male or female

Baby Puppy

Chicken Kitten

These are plant or non living things

Vase car

Handbag tree

B. Relationship

[ Belows are some common relationship between people ]

RELATIONSHIP

Aunt/uncle Nephew/niece

Boss/employee Worker/employee

Buyer Seller

Doctor/dentist Patient

Driver Passenger

Customer/diner Waiter/waitress

Father/mother Son/daughter

Giver Receiver/taker

grandparent Grandchildren

Host/hostess guest

husband Wife

Landlord/landlady Tenant

lawyer client

Master/mistress Servant

parent Child

shopkeeper Customer

teacher Pulis

C. Collective Nouns

[ A collective noun refers to a group of people,animals or thing ]

Examples

1) People

A band of musicians a field of athletes

A bench of magistrates a gang of thieves

A bevy of beauties a horde of savages

A board of directors a host of angels

A company of actors a party of friends

A choir of singers a posse of policemen

A class of pupils a staff of teachers

A crew of sailors a team of players

A crowd of spectators a tribe of natives

2. Animals

A brood of chickens a drove of cattle

A flight of swallows a flock of birds

A gaggle of geese a heard of elephants

A host of sparrows a litter of kittens

A nest of snakes a plaque of locust

A pack of wolves a pair or birds

A pride of lions a school of whales

A shoal of herring a stud of horses

3.Things

A bale of cloth a bouquetbof flowers

A chest of drawers a clump of trees

A cluster of diamonds a clutch of eggs

A collection of antiques a comb of bananas

A crate of fruits a fleet of cars

A flight of aeroplanes a galaxy of stars

A hedge of bushes a pack of cards

A set of crockery a string of pearls

A suit of clothes a suite of furniture

D FORMING NOUN

[ Noun can be formed from other words by adding suffixes to them as shown in

the examples below]

Other Word Noun

able Ability

act Action

agree Agreement

appear Appearance

arrive Arrival

behave Behavior

believe Belief

bury Burial

collect Collection

E) FORMING PLURAL

[ Countable Nouns can be in the singular or plural form.The plural form is used

when talking about number(more than one) of people,animal or things.they are

formed in the followings ways]

1. By adding (s) to the singular nouns

Singular Plural

arm Arms

bag Bags

chair Chairs

king Kings

2. By adding (es) to words that end with (s,sh,ch,x)

Singular Plural

Class Classes

glass Glasses

ash Ashes

brush brushes

dish dishes

branch branches

church churches

box Boxes

fox Foxes

3)By adding ‘y’ into ‘ies’ in word ending ‘y’ if the ‘y’ is next to a consonant.

Singular Plural

army Armies

baby Babies

city Cities

lady Ladies

pony Ponies

story Stories

4. By adding (s) to words ending with ‘y’. if’y’ is next to a vowel.

Singular Plural

day Days

Boy Boys

key Keys

monkey Monkeys

valley Valleys

way ways

5. By changing ‘f’ or ‘fe’ in some words to’ves’

Singular Plural

calf Calves

half Halves

leaf Leaves

thief thieves

wife Wives

6. By adding (es) to some words ending in ‘o’

Singular Plural

Buffalo Buffaloes

Echo Echoes

Hero Heroes

Mango Mangoes

Mosquito Mosquitoes

Negro Negroes

Potato Potatoes

tomato Tomatoes

7. By changing the inside vowel of some words

Singular Plural

Foot Feet

Goose Geese

Louse Lice

Mouse Mice

Tooth Teeth

Woman Women

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

[ Countable nouns are nouns which can be counted.The following determiners

can be used with countable nouns]

Determiners Countable Nouns

a/an pen orange Table

The Books Man childrens

Any Chickens Pupils Cars

Some Boys Dogs Mangoes

Many Ducks Leaves Chairs

A few Cows Oranges Houses

Several Flowers Trees Boys

Al of/lots of Students Visitors Houses

Plenty of Books Mangoes People

A small/large number of trees huts Boats

Notes 1. Singular countable nouns are used with singular verbs

2.Plural countable nouns are used with plural verbs.

Examples:

1. That book belongs to Ann(singular)

(N) (V)

2. A cow eats grass( singular)

(N) (V)

3. Those books belong to Ann.( plural)

(N) ( V)

B Uncountable Nouns

[ Uncountable nouns are nouns which cannot be counted.The following

determiners are used with uncountable nouns]

Determiners Uncountable Nouns

The Oil Dirt Energy

Any Sugar Coffeetea Time

Some Water Juice Weight

Much Fire Salt Strength

A little Flour Time Patience

A lot of Milk Energy Love

Plenty of Rice Soup Food

A great deal of Rain dirt Effort

We can only count them if we put them intp something like a glass, packet.or

sack

Examples

A glass of water a sack of flour

A packet of salt a can of hair spray.

A kilo of sugar a can of sardines

QUESTION OF THE NOUNS OF THE PUPILS

1. My father isa……………………….He teaches English Language

2. The tap is leaking.I have to contact the…………………………….

3. The…………………………will repair the damage roof blown by the wind.

4. The curry is very delicious.She is a good………………………………

5. I am to busy.I have a………………………..to look after my house.

6. Pak Mamat the…………………. Sells meat in the market.

7. The………………………………puts the letters into the letter box.

8. John lives in London.He is my………………………………..

9. Mother is going to see her………………………………to sew a baju

kurung.

10. The…………………………carefully esamines the injured leg.

NOUNS OF PLACES

1. Puan Lina keeps all her clothes in the………………………………

2. Let’s go to the ticket………………………..to confirm our tickets.

3. The old man hunts mousedeer in the……………………..for this

evening.

4. She is a graduate from a local…………………………………

5. The man is sent to………………………….for robbing the bank.

6. I am going to the ……………………to bur some sugar,flour and eggs.

7. The train arrives at the……………………on time.

8. Kamariah wants to go to the……………………..to do some research.

9. You can get a lot of fruits in my grandfather’s…………………………..

10. There are full of dirty plates and glasses in the…………………………

QUESTIONS OF COUNTABLE NOUNS

1. The spectators clapped their hands when the………………were

announced

2. I like the story veru much.The……………………is very creative.

3. Puan Maimun is a good cook.I would like to get

some…………………..from her.

4. He did several grammar……………………in the essay because he did not

check them.

5. Lina looks very worried.Does she have any……………………………?

6. Mother needs some…………………………to make the biscuits but there

isn’tany left.

7. How many…………………………are Pulau Langkawi was very

enjoyable.We visited the historical places.

8. How many………………………are involved in the netball game?

9. Besides the map, we also need the…………………………to show us the

directions.

10.Can you please cut the jelly into various…………………………..?

QUESTIONS OF UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

1. The coffee is not sweet enough.Can I have a little

more……………………?

2. She cried sadly and the………………………..rolled down her cheeks.

3. Mother needs some………………………to fry the fish.

4. Let’s borrow her umbrella.The…………………..is quite heavy.

5. I have not taken any………………………..since morning so I am really

hungry.

6. Susan was badly hurt in the accident and she lost a lot of……………..

7. Father has to take the ………………………daily until he gets better.

8. There is too much………………………..in the street.You better put on

the mask.

9. Azman does not have enough……………………….to finish his

homework.

10. Is ther any………………………..about the flood in Kelantan.

GRAMMAR NOTES OF PRONOUNS

[ A pronoun replace a noun.It never appears with the noun it replace.There are

many types of pronouns as shown below.]

1. PERSONAL PRONOUNS

USAGE EXAMPLES

1.As the subject of a sentence 1. I am bored

2. They have left already

3. It is so hot today

2. As the object of a sentence 1. Mrs Dharma scoled us.

2. Give them some food.

3.Put it there.

2. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

USAGE EXAMPLES

To show that the subject and the object

are the same (They usually appear after

the subject which can be a noun or

pronoun)

1. The old man dragged

himself up the stairs.

2. Mr Wong lives by himself

now.

3. The little girl is playing by

herself.

3. EMPHATIC PRONOUNS

USAGE EXAMPLES

To emphasise the fact that action is

carried out by the subject (they appear

immediately after the subject which can

be a noun or pronoun.)

1. Mary herself saw the

accident.

2. You yourself should ober

traffic rules.

3. The dog itself killed the

cobra in our garden.

4. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

USAGE EXAMPLES

To point out persons and things 1. This is my watch.

2. That is Mary’s hat.

3. These are their shoes.

Those are Joe’s books.

5. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

USAGE EXAMPLES

To ask questions 1. Who is in the kitchen ?

2. Whose bag is this ?

3. What is the time, please ?

4. Where is the post office ?

5. When are you going home ?

6. How are you feeling today ?

6. RELATIVE PRONOUNS

USAGE EXAMPLES

To join sentences together.they refer to

the noun in the first sentence.

1. Mary is the girl who helped me.

2. The bird that has a broken wing is

hopping about.

3. Do you know the lady who lost her

car ?

7. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.

USAGE EXAMPLES

8. RE

To refer to persons or things without

naming them.

1. Nobody is absent today.

2. Nothing could be done to save the

drowning boy.

3. One must always be honest.

RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS.

USAGE EXAMPLES

To link the subject of two sentences

together.

1. Tom and Jane love each other.

2. People should always help one

another.

3. The three boys get along well with

one another.

QUESTIONS OF THE PRONOUNS GRAMMAR

1. …………………………are Jason’s football boots, aren’t they?Why are

they here ?

A. This C. These

B. That D. Those

2. Mr Lim is very punctual………………………..is never late for a meeting.

A. It C. Him

B. He D. She

3. Shiela told…………………..that her brother had met with an accident

earlier that day.

A. she C. we

B. I D. me

4. Helena has told us to keep………………………..free this Saturday.She

wants us to attend her birthday party.

A. us C. our self

B. herself D. ourselves

5. ………………………is that handsome young man over there ?

A. Who C. Whose

B. Whom D. Which

6. Ali : Where are the children ?

Abu : ……………………….have gone home already.

A. We C. They

B. You D. Myself

7. Is anyone absent today? No, …………………………is present.They are all

here.

A. someone C. nobody

B. everyone D. anyone

8. My siblings and I are very close .We get on very well with……………………

A. everyone C. ourselves

B. one another D. them

9. ………………………..that glitters is not gold.

A. All C. Some

B. Any D. whichever

10. Rita is much taller than………………………………..

A. we C. me

B. she D. I am.

GRAMMAR NOTES OF THE VERBS

QUESTIONS OF VERBS

GRAMMAR NOTES OF THE ADVERBS

[ An adverbs modifies oe tells us more about a verb, an adjective or another

verbs]

A. TYPES OF ADVERBS

1. Adverbs of place.

USAGE EXAMPLES

Tells us where an action occurs. 1. Your bag is over there.

2. Let’s go somewhere special tonight.

3. Have you seen my spectacles

anywhere ?

2. Adverbs of time

USAGE EXAMPLES

Tell us when an action is carried out. 1. We’ll see you later.

2. It’s going to rain soon.

3. The baby’s asleep now.

3. Adverbs of manner.

USAGE EXAMPLES

Tell us how an action is carried out. 1. The children are playing happily.

2. The old woman climbed slowly the

stairs.

3. We must never speak rudely to

anyone.

4. Adverbs of degree.

USAGE EXAMPLES

Tell us the extent or degree of an

action.

1. This book is so boring.

2. I am extremely tired.

3. Your dress is too short.

5. Adverbs of frequency.

USAGE EXAMPLES

Tell us how to often an action occurs. 1. My grandmother seldom goes out.

2. I have never seen snow.

3. I often go swimming.

6. Adverbs of interrogation.

USAGE EXAMPLES

Ask questions about an action. 1. Why is everyone so sad ?

2. When will Helena return from

London ?

3. Where is Salmi now?

7. Adverbs of negation or affirmation.

USAGE EXAMPLES

Tell us whether or not an action will

occur.

1. We will certainly help you.

2. Jim will definitely do well in his exam

3. I will never speak to you again.

B. POSITION OF ADVERBS.

USAGE EXAMPLES

Initial-position ( at beginning of a

sentence ).

1. Immediately, the girls started

screaming.

2. Suddenly, Ann burst out laughing.

3. Hurriedly, everyone left the hall.

Mid-position (in the middle of a

sentence,before the verbs)

1. We seldom go to the cinema.

2. Mr Tan often flies to Japan on

business.

3. Sheila always wakes up early,

End-position ( at the end of a sentence) 1. Jason drives recklessly.

2. Muthu slammed the door angrily.

3. The children sang happily.

C. ADVERBS COMMONLY USED WITH THE VERBS.

VERBS ADVERBS

act quickly suspiciously strangely

answer correctly immediately Politely

apologise sincerely humbly Repeatedlt

argue heatedly constantly furiously

attack violently savagely suddenly

behave disgracefully shamefully well

bleed profusely freely slightly

change completely suddenly surprisingly

decide carefully eventually Unanimously

defend bravely anxiously Valiantly

drive carefully Recklessly slowly

explain clearly carefully Concisely

fight bravely anxiously Violently

injure accidently fatally seriously

laugh heartily loudly Joyfully

listen attentively carefully Indifferently

remember clearly distinctly Vaguely

shout joyfully loudly Angrily

smile broadly happily Shyly

speak clearly distinctly Plainly

spend freely Lavishly Sparingly

wait anxiously longingly Patiently

walk briskly clumsily smartly

work efficiently willingly tirelessly

write neatly legibly Clearly

D. COMPARISON OF ADVERBS

[ As in the case of adjective, adverbs also have three degress of

comparison.Study the table below)

POSITIVE DEGREE COMPARISON DEGREE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE

early earlier earliest

far Farther/further Farthest/furthest

fast faster fastest

hard harder Hardest

late later Latest

soon sooner Soonest

much more Most

badly More badly/worse Most badly/worst

well better Best

angrily More angrily Most angrily

bravely More bravely Most bravely

carefully More carefully Most carefully

easily More easily Most easily

Happliy More happily Most happily

QUESTIONS OF THE ADVERBS

Insert the adverbs in bracketsin a suitable place in each of the sentences below.

Then write the sentences in the space provided.

1. Sharon works late these days.( rarely )

………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Jackson knocked down his mother’s favourite vase yesterday.( accidently )

……………………………………………………………………………………….

3. We must tell lies.( never )

………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. Mr Jagjit goes to Japan on business.( frequently )

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. Seng Kee’s composition is well written. ( extremely )

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. My mother wakes up early.( always )

Examples : It began to rain while we were watching TV last night.(suddenly)

It suddenly began to rain while we were watching Tv last night.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

7. The children are doing their work.( quietly )

…………………………………………………………………………………….

8. When Razak saw the drowning boy, he dived into the pool to save him.

( immediately ).

………………………………………………………………………………………

9. “ I will help you with your project ,” promised Henry. ( certainly )

…………………………………………………………………………………….

10. The farmer shouted at the boys because he caught them stealing mangoes

from his orchard. ( angrily )

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

GRAMMAR NOTES OF ADJECTIVES

[ An adjective describe a noun or a pronoun. It always appears with the

noun/pronoun it describe ]

A. TYPES OF ADJECTIVES

1. Adjectives of description or quality.

USAGE EXAMPLES

To describe the appearance or quality

of a noun or pronoun.

1. A crowded place.

2. will animals

3. an expensive bag.

2. Adjectives of quality.

USAGE EXAMPLES

To refer to quantity of number or

amount.

1. three kittens.

2. some boys.

3. no water.

3. Demonstrative adjectives.

USAGE EXAMPLES

To point out a noun or pronoun. 1. This boy………..

2. That table………….

3. These trees………….

4. Those chairs………….

B. POSITION OF ADJECTIVES

* They can appears before or after nouns.

Examples.

1. The short boy is Peter

(Adj) (N)

2. Is this bag expensive?

(N) ( adj)

* They can appears after certain verbs.(‘ be’ , ‘look’ , ‘feel’ , ‘taste’ , ‘ smell’,

‘seem’, ‘appears’)

Examples

1. David is handsome.

(V) (adj)

2. This food smells terrible.

(v) (adj)

C. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

1. The Positive Degree

USAGE EXAMPLES

Describe a subject /object without

comparing it with anything /anyone

else.

1. An unruly crowd.

2. sweet mangoes.

3. A quiet holiday.

4. Naughty children.

Compares two things which are the

same.

( Formation : as + adjective + as )

1. Ann is as tall as her mother already.

2. This painting is as expensive as that

one.

3. My bag is as heavy as yours.

Compares two things which are not the

same.

( Formation : not + as + adjective + as )

1. Siti is not as tall as her mother yet.

2. This painting is not as expensive as

that one.

3. My bag is not heavy as yours.

2. THE COMPATARIVE DEGREE.

Positive Degree

ComparativeDegree

SuperlativeDegree

Comparison

USAGE EXAMPLES

Compares two things which are not the

same.

( Formation : 1. adjective + ‘er’ + than

2. more + adjective + than

1. Salmi is taler than Ayu.

2. Karim’s hair is longer than mine.

3. My watch is more expensive than

yours.

4. This chair is more comfortable than

that one.

3. THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE.

USAGE EXAMPLES

Compares three or more things which

are not the same.

( Formation : 1. the + adjective + ’est”

2. the + most + adjective

1. Rohan is the tallest bot in the class.

2. Who is the richest man in the world?

3. This is the most wonderful day of

my life.

4. Is this the most expensive painting in

the shop?

A few adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms :

( good , better , best )

Examples: 1. Ahmad’s English is good.

2. Kamal’s English is better.

3. Sarah’s English is best.

EXERCISES OF ADJECTIVES.

1. Ahmad : How do you feel today ?

Ali : I feel musch………………………(good) today,thank you.

2. Mr Foo is a ………………………………(wealthy) man, but he is not the

……………………………………..( wealthy).

3. Sharon is a ……………………………..(pretty) than Siti.However, she is not

as ……………………………(pretty) as Helena.

4. The morning market in our area is very…………………………(crowd) in the

Morning.It is very…………………………(noise) too!

5. Encik Karim’s office is on the……………………………(seven) floor.

Mr Wong’s office is on the……………………… ( eleven) floor.

6. Bakar : Who is …………………….(tall), you or your brother ?

Abu : He is much……………….( tall) than I am.In fact he is the……………...

( tall ) in my family.

7. Many of the fruits in the baskets are……………………..(rot). We need to

throw them away.

8. The children are all………………………( bore ). Their history lesson is so

……………………………( bore ) ! Many of them are felling asleep!

9. Muthu : Who had the ……………………( good ) result in the examamination?

( happiest )Example : Today is the …………………….(happy) day of my life

Abu : Salmi of course ! She’s the…………………….( smart ) student in my

class.

10. Ah Kow : Which animal is…………………..( big, an elephant or a bear ?

Karim : Well, the elephant is the………………..( large ) land animal !

THE GRAMMAR NOTES OF SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE