5.1 Acids and Bases 1. What are acids and how do they taste like?
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Transcript of 5.1 Acids and Bases 1. What are acids and how do they taste like?
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5.1 Acids and Bases
1
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What are acids and how do they taste like?
WHAT ACIDS OR ACIDIC SOLUTIONS DO YOU KNOW?
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What are acids and how do they taste like?
TASTE: SOUR, TART, TANGY
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What are bases and how do they taste like?
WHAT BASES OR BASICSOLUTIONS DO YOU KNOW?
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TASTE: BITTER, FEEL SLIPPERY
What are bases and how do they taste like?
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Acids and Bases should be handled with care sometimes
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pH Scale• Is a number scale for measuring how acidic or basic something is
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pH Scale• Is a number scale for measuring how acidic or basic something is - it goes from 0 to 14
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pH Scale• Is a number scale for measuring how acidic or basic something is - it goes from 0 to 14 - no units
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pH ScaleACIDS: solutions that have pH from 0 – 7 (not including 7)
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pH ScaleACIDS: solutions that have pH from 0 – 7 (not including 7)BASES: solutions that have pH from 7 – 14 (not including 7)
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pH ScaleACIDS: solutions that have pH from 0 – 7 (not including 7)BASES: solutions that have pH from 7 – 14 (not including 7)NEUTRAL SOLUTIONS: produce solutions where pH = 7
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pH Scale - 1 unit of change of pH = 10 times change in the degree of acidity/basicity For example: tomatoes (pH = 4) is 10 times more acidic than bananas (pH = 5)
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How many times are a) lemons more acidic than tomatoes?
b) milk less acidic than grapes?c) oven cleaner more basic than soap
tomatoes (pH = 4)lemons (pH = 2)
milk (pH = 6)grapes (pH = 3)
oven cleaner (pH = 13)soap (pH = 10)
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pH INDICATORS
Litmus Paper
Universal Indicator
pH paper
Digital pH meter
• Many acids/bases are colorless (like
water)that’s why we need a way to tell them
apart• Chemicals that change
color depending on the pH of the solution they
are placed in
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pH INDICATORS
Litmus Paper • Litmus paper comes in two forms, red and blue.
• When blue litmus is placed in a solution that is acidic (below pH 7), the blue litmus paper turns red.
• When red litmus paper is placed into a solution that is basic (above pH 7), the red litmus paper changes to blue.
• If blue litmus stays blue = NEUTRAL SOLUTION
• If red litmus stays red = NEUTRAL SOLUTION
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pH INDICATORS pH paper• Paper that turns different color depending on the
acidity/basicity of the solution
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pH INDICATORS Universal Indicator
• A liquid that turns different color when you add acid or base to it (i.e. when the acidity or basicity changes)
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pH INDICATORS Universal Indicator
• A liquid that turns different color when you add acid or base to it (i.e. when the acidity or basicity changes)
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pH INDICATORS
Digital pH meter
• The most accurate meter
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FOA – Acidic, Basic, or Neutral
1. Predict whether each liquid is ACIDIC, BASIC, or NEUTRAL?
2. Use pH paper to verify your predictions
3. Create a pH scale to show your results
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Read textbook (pg. 220 – 224) and answer the questions
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Naming of Acids
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Naming AcidsA SIMPLE DESCRIPTION:
An acid is a compound which has its formula starting with “H”
The formula of an acid is one or more hydrogens bonded to a monatomic or polyatomic anion.
The way that the acid is named is determined by the suffix of the anion.
WHAT IS AN ACID?
HCl, HF, H2SO4, HNO3
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Naming AcidsThe way that the acid is named is determined by
the suffix of the anion.
NO3-
nitrate nitritenitrideNO2
-N3-
Naming Acids
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Naming Acids
HNO3
hydrogen nitrate
Name this compound
Naming Acids
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Naming Acids
hydrogen nitride
H3N
Naming Acids
Name this compound
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Naming Acids
hydrogen nitrite
HNO2
Naming Acids
Name this compound
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Naming AcidsThe way that the acid is named is determined by
the suffix of the anion.
HNO3hydrogen nitrate hydrogen nitritehydrogen nitride
HNO2H3N
The naming is different though:hydrogen nitrate
hydrogen nitrite
hydrogen nitride
nitric acid
hydronitric acid
nitrous acid
Naming Acids
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Naming AcidsIn general
hydrogen ___ide
hydrogen ___ate
hydrogen ___ite
hydro ___ic acid
______ic acid
_____ous acid
Naming Acids
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Naming AcidsExamples:
HF
H2SO4
HCl
HClO2
Naming Acids
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Naming AcidsWhat is the suffix?
hydrochloric acid
sulphuric acid
chlorous acid
HF
H2SO4
HCl
HClO2
hydrofluoric acid
- ide
- ate
- ite- ide
Naming Acids
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Read textbook (pg. 225 – 226) and answer the questions
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Read textbook (pg. 225 – 227) and answer the questions
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Workbook (pg. 84 – 85)
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Workbook (pg. 84 – 85)
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Workbook (pg. 84 – 85)
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Workbook (pg. 86)
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Production of Ions
Acids Bases
HCl, H2SO4
HF, HNO3
NaOH, Ca(OH)2
KOH, NH4OH
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Production of Ions
Acids Bases
HCl, H2SO4
HF, HNO3
NaOH, Ca(OH)2
KOH, NH4OH
Produce H+
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Production of Ions
Acids Bases
HCl, H2SO4
HF, HNO3
NaOH, Ca(OH)2
KOH, NH4OH
Produce H+ Produce OH-
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Testing for pH = test for H+
AcidsHCl, H2SO4
HF, HNO3
Produce H+
pH = the amount of H+
in a solutionthe amount of H+ =
CONCENTRATION of H+
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Testing for pH = test for H+
Low pH = LOT OF H+ = high concentration of H+
High pH = VERY LITTLE H+ = low concentration of H+
H+ and OH- Are Chemical Opposites
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Testing for pH = test for H+
Low pH = VERY LITTLE OH- = low concentration of OH-
High pH = LOT OF OH- = high concentration of OH-
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Neutralization = balance of H+ and OH- When acids (containing H+) combine
with bases (containing OH-), they form water
=NEUTRAL SOLUTION
H+ + OH- HOHH+ + OH- H2O
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CompleteBLM 2 – 25 Acids and Bases
BLM 2 – 26 Working with Acids and Bases
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Complete5.1 Check Your Understanding